THE EFFECTS OF USED ENGINE OIL AS CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE ON VARIOUS TYPES OF CONCRETE

Kebolehaliran konkrit yang baik merupakan salah satu ciri penting ke arah kemudahkejaan, perletakan dan memudahkan penyingkiran liang udara yang tidak diperlukan. Ini dapat dicapai dengan penggunaan bahan tambah pengurang air atau superplasticizer (SP). Narnun begitu, bahan tambah tersebut adalah mahal sekaligus meningkatkan kos pengeluaran konkrit. Tambahan pula, lebih daripada 50% minyak enjin terpakai (MET) terutama dari industri automotif dibuang secara berleluasa.Laporan terdahulu menyatakan bahawa kebocoran MET ke dalam simen, pada unit penghancur lama didapati mempunyai ketahanan lebih baik kepada fenomena pembekuan dan pencairan dan dapat meningkatkan ciri konkrit. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti kesan MET sebagai bahan tambah kimia ke atas beberapa jenis konkrit iaitu OPC, MIRHA dan SF dan dibandingkan dengan SP. Empat puluh campuran dianalisa. Penyiasatan ke atas ciri konkrit awal iaitu kebolehkerjaan dan kandungan udara dalam konkrit diuji bagi mendapatkan petunjuk awal kualiti konkrit Nilai kebolehkerjaan (ujian jatuh) bagi semua jenis konkrit mengandungi MET dan SP meningkat dengan pertambahan peratusan. Kandungan udara konkrit mengandungi MET meningkat sehingga 1% penggunaan dan SP mengurangkan kandungan udara konkrit. Ciri mekanikal dan ketahanan, iaitu kekuatan mampatan, kekuatan tegangan, jumlah liang dan penusukan klorida diuji dan keputusan yang diperolehi adalah sebanding dan menunjukkan persamaan dan potensi untuk berfungsi sebagai SP kerana tiada perbezaan ketara didapati pada kedua-dua bahan tambah tersebut. Kesan penggunaan MET terhadap prestasi struktur papak konkrit bertetulang yang mengandungi MET dan SP. Keputusan menunjukkan 20-30% lebih tinggi berbanding konkrit biasa. Pendedahan kepada suhu tinggi menunjukkan peratus penman kekuatan konkrit mengandungi MET adalah sebanding berbanding SP. Komposisi kimia MET dan SP juga di analisa dan didapati bahawa kandungan SO3 menyumbang peratusan yang signifikan dalam peningkata

Membuktikan Anggapan Analisa Geoteknik (Tekanan Sisi Tanah) Menggunakan Model Fizikal

The purpose of this research is to verify certain geotechnical assumptions for associated with lateral earth pressures using physical modeling. The model used of this study is made of wood and Perspex. The static test with loading on top of sand decrease with depth which is in contradiction with the theory. This result however can be explained by considering the stress bulb theory where pressure due to loading generally reduces with depth. After some improvement, the pressure distribution for sand without extra loading on top show a result of lateral earth pressure which increase with depth. Furthermore, by adding a load on top of the sand, a superimposed effect was observed which is the stress bulb distribution plus the normal static lateral pressure distribution. A dough of wheat flour was also used as the material and the result shows a pressure distribution increase with depth and partially verifies the passive Rankine pressure. Test involving laterite material were too difficult to conduct

VERIFICATION FOR MODELING OF ULTIMATE LOAD FOR LIGHTWEIGHT PALM OIL CLINKER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH WEB OPENINGS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

ABSTRAC

Effects of heating durations on normal concrete residual properties: compressive strength and mass loss

This study investigates the effects of high temperature with five different heating durations on residual properties of 30 MPa normal concrete. Concrete cubes were being heated up to 600°C for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The temperature will keep constant for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The standard temperature-time curve ISO 834 is referred to. After heating the specimen were left to cool in the furnace and removed. After cooling down to ambient temperature, the residual mass and residual compressive strength were observed. The obtained result shows that, the compressive strength of concrete decrease as the heating duration increases. This heating duration influence, might affects the loss of free water present and decomposition of hydration products in concrete. As the heating duration increases, the amount of water evaporated also increases led to loss in concrete mass .Conclusively, the percentage of mass and compressive strength loss increased as the heating duration increased

Step by step procedures : degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in potable water using photo-Fenton oxidation process

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds, composed of two or more fused benzene rings and abundantly found in mixed-use areas. Mixed-use areas consist of dense population, urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities. River pollution are common in mixed-use areas and 98% of Malaysia's fresh water supply originates from surface water. The biological degradation, adsorption and advanced oxidation process were documented as the available PAHs treatment for water. To date, the application of the photo-Fenton oxidation process has been reported for the treatment of PAHs from contaminated soil (review paper), landfill leachate, municipal solid waste leachate, sanitary landfill leachate, aniline wastewater, ammunition wastewater and saline aqueous solutions. As for potable water, the application of Fenton reagent was aided with photo treatment or electrolysis not focusing on PAHs removal. • The presented MethodsX was conducted for PAHs degradation analysis in potable water samples using photo-Fenton oxidation process. • The designed reactor for batch experiment is presented. • The batch experiment consists of parameters like concentration of 17 USEPA-PAHs in the prepared aqueous solution (fixed variable), reaction time, pH and molarity ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)

Modeling of cu(ii) adsorption from an aqueous solution using an artificial neural network (ann)

This research optimized the adsorption performance of rice husk char (RHC4) for copper (Cu(II)) from an aqueous solution. Various physicochemical analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, bulk density (g/mL), ash content (%), pH, and pHZPC were performed to determine the characteristics of RHC4. The effects of operating variables such as the influences of aqueous pH, contact time, Cu(II) concentration, and doses of RHC4 on adsorption were studied. The maximum adsorption was achieved at 120 min of contact time, pH 6, and at 8 g/L of RHC4 dose. The prediction of percentage Cu(II) adsorption was investigated via an artificial neural network (ANN). The Fletcher–Reeves conjugate gradient backpropagation (BP) algorithm was the best fit among all of the tested algorithms (mean squared error (MSE) of 3.84 and R2 of 0.989). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well with the experimental data, thus indicating chemical adsorption. The intraparticle analysis showed that the adsorption process proceeded by boundary layer adsorption initially and by intraparticle diffusion at the later stage. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models interpreted well the adsorption capacity and intensity. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) by RHC4 was spontaneous. The RHC4 adsorption capacity is comparable to other agricultural material-based adsorbents, making RHC4 competent for Cu(II) removal from wastewater

Characterization of cenospheres from Malaysian coal generated power plants: Jimah, Kapar and Manjung

Cenosphere is a component of fly ash (FA) and has been used as part of sustainable material in wastewater treatment, automotive, ceramic, and construction industries due to its properties. This research presents the first study on characterization of cenospheres from Malaysian power plants namely Jimah, Kapar and Manjung. The characterization was conducted via X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRF analysis consisted of oxides elements ranged from 14.70 to 22.63% (aluminum oxide, Al2 O3 ), 3.78 to 13.44% (calcium oxide, CaO), 34.73 to 57.67% (silicon dioxide, SiO2 ), 0.42 to 1.07% (sulphur trioxide, SO3 ), 9.09 to 24.92% (iron oxide, Fe2 O3 ), 3.62 to 3.67% (potassium oxide, K2 O), 1.76 to 4.24% (titanium oxide, TiO2 ) and 0.16 to 0.93% (magnesium oxide, MgO). The classifications of cementitious materials by American Standard of Testing Materials were Class F (Jimah, Kapar) and Class C (Manjung). The classification represents the quality and capability of cementitious materials as cement replacement material, additive, and filler in concrete mix. The sizes of cenospheres were Kapar > Jimah > Manjung. The sizes of cenosphere were found to be larger than FA (Jimah: 2.720-49.21 µm, Kapar: 5.069-98.29 µm, Manjung: 1.084-3.986 µm). Cenospheres contained quarts (Jimah, Kapar, Manjung: 26°) and silicates (Kapar, Manjung: 45°). Ferrospheres, cenospheres, aluminosilicate-spheres, plerospheres and carbon fragments were observed. The cenosphere from Manjung showed high quality as cement replacement material, additive, and filler with 13.44% of CaO

THE EFFECTS OF USED ENGINE OIL AS CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE ON VARIOUS TYPES OF CONCRETE

Kebolehaliran konkrit yang baik merupakan salah satu ciri penting ke arah kemudahkejaan, perletakan dan memudahkan penyingkiran liang udara yang tidak diperlukan. Ini dapat dicapai dengan penggunaan bahan tambah pengurang air atau superplasticizer (SP). Narnun begitu, bahan tambah tersebut adalah mahal sekaligus meningkatkan kos pengeluaran konkrit. Tambahan pula, lebih daripada 50% minyak enjin terpakai (MET) terutama dari industri automotif dibuang secara berleluasa.Laporan terdahulu menyatakan bahawa kebocoran MET ke dalam simen, pada unit penghancur lama didapati mempunyai ketahanan lebih baik kepada fenomena pembekuan dan pencairan dan dapat meningkatkan ciri konkrit. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti kesan MET sebagai bahan tambah kimia ke atas beberapa jenis konkrit iaitu OPC, MIRHA dan SF dan dibandingkan dengan SP. Empat puluh campuran dianalisa. Penyiasatan ke atas ciri konkrit awal iaitu kebolehkerjaan dan kandungan udara dalam konkrit diuji bagi mendapatkan petunjuk awal kualiti konkrit Nilai kebolehkerjaan (ujian jatuh) bagi semua jenis konkrit mengandungi MET dan SP meningkat dengan pertambahan peratusan. Kandungan udara konkrit mengandungi MET meningkat sehingga 1% penggunaan dan SP mengurangkan kandungan udara konkrit. Ciri mekanikal dan ketahanan, iaitu kekuatan mampatan, kekuatan tegangan, jumlah liang dan penusukan klorida diuji dan keputusan yang diperolehi adalah sebanding dan menunjukkan persamaan dan potensi untuk berfungsi sebagai SP kerana tiada perbezaan ketara didapati pada kedua-dua bahan tambah tersebut. Kesan penggunaan MET terhadap prestasi struktur papak konkrit bertetulang yang mengandungi MET dan SP. Keputusan menunjukkan 20-30% lebih tinggi berbanding konkrit biasa. Pendedahan kepada suhu tinggi menunjukkan peratus penman kekuatan konkrit mengandungi MET adalah sebanding berbanding SP. Komposisi kimia MET dan SP juga di analisa dan didapati bahawa kandungan SO3 menyumbang peratusan yang signifikan dalam peningkata

Properties of concrete containing used engine oil

Since last few years cement replacement materials, industrial by-products and agricultural wastes in concrete production are widely used. It imparts positive environmental effect because the waste materials are not released to the environment. It was reported that the leakage of motor oil onto concrete surfaces in old grinding units increased the resistance such concrete to freezing and thawing, it made to understand that the effect is similar to adding an air-entraining chemical admixture to the concrete. However, the hypothesis is not backed by significant research study and not reported in the available literature. This paper presents results of the experimental study conducted to investigate the effects of used engine oil on properties of fresh and hardened concrete.  With the addition of used engine oil, concrete slump was increased by 18% to 38% and air content by 26% to 58% as compare to the slump of control concrete. Porosity and oxygen permeability of concrete containing used engine oil was also reduced and the compressive strength was obtained approximately same as that of the control mi