Tipula (Yamatotipula) moesta Riedel and related species in Finland (Diptera, Tipulidae)

We studied species of the moesta group of Tipula (Yamatotipula) found in Finland. The three species are redescribed and illustrated, and their morphology, distribution and ecology are discussed. Tipula moesta Riedel, 1919, is an arctic species found in northernmost Finland. Tipula chonsaniana Alexander, 1945, stat. rev., is here considered distinct from T. moesta and is reported for the first time from Finland and West Palaearctic region. It has a disjunct distribution: mountainous areas in the East Palaearctic and in the boreal coniferous zone in Finland. Tipula freyana Lackschewitz, 1936, is a widely distributed species in the Palaearctic region, which occurs in the northern boreal Finland in the coniferous zone. Female cerci and vaginal apodemes of T. moesta and of T. chonsaniana are illustrated for the first time

The semi-aquatic fly fauna (Diptera) of wetlands of the Åland Islands

Semiaquatic flies (Diptera, Nematocera: Limoniidae, Tipulidae, Pediciidae, Cylindrotomidae, Ptychopteridae, Psychodidae and Dixidae) of wetlands in the Åland Islands were collected from 19 sites withMalaise traps. Sites included openmires, woodedmires, rich fens, Baltic shore meadows, ditches and a grove. A total of 104 species were found of which 58 were recorded for the first time from the Åland Islands. Baltic shore meadows were the most species rich habitat type with 44 species. They were followed by ditches (41 spp.). However, local nematoceran communities of the Åland Islands are on average composed of fewer species than in other parts of southern Finland. Also the known total number of species is lower in the region of Åland than in the other regions of southern Finland. The theory of island biogeography may partly explain this. Åland is situated about 40 km from the nearest continental area. However, the best explanation for the observed species numbermay be that the islands are lacking some of themost species-rich habitats, for example, brooks and springs

Reliability assessment of telecommunications equipment

This thesis studies the reliability of telecommunications equipment, its components, and the systems made using those components. Special attention is paid to creating stronger links between the reliability analyses performed at different hierarchy levels. The thesis starts with a temperature derating study. It is found out that the generic handbook based procedures may not always be very attractive, as they do not take satisfactorily into account the actual lifetime requirements. An alternative approach is proposed as a remedy to the current situation. Thermal cycling requirement handbooks are surveyed, and based on the findings some enhancements are proposed. Next, a component and product specific approach to create thermal cycling requirements is suggested. When applying the new approach several factors can be taken into account: the product's lifetime requirement, the field environment, the reliability test result, and the statistical distribution of the component population. A new method of how to predict the reliability of a component population that is addressed to several, different field environments is presented. Ceramic, leadless components are studied by testing and by utilizing Engelmaier's analytical solder fatigue model and Finite Element (FE) simulations. A new approach to interpret the solder joint height in conjunction with solder castellations is introduced. Based on this, a very good correlation between the test results and the predictions based on Engelmaier's model can be obtained. The parameter sensitivity of both the Engelmaier's model and the FE analysis are studied and compared. Error margins based on the parameter sensitivity studies are given. Time-averaged hazard rate functions are studied in order to be able to use component level test data in simplistic parts-count method type reliability predictions. Finally, the availability of a full 3rd generation telecommunications network is studied.reviewe

A survey on the nematoceran (Diptera) communities of southern Finnish wetlands

We examined the community composition and diversity of nematoceran flies (Diptera) in 14 wetland habitats (springs, mires, streams) located in southern Finland. Based on NMS ordination and Cluster analysis, groundwater influence and vegetation type discriminated the studied communities quite clearly. Atotal of 8,606 specimens belonging to 156 species were identified, distributed as follows: Limoniidae (80 species), Psychodidae (26), Tipulidae (20), Pediciidae (10), Dixidae (9), Cylindrotomidae (4), Ptychopteridae (4), Thaumaleidae (1), Pleciidae (1) and Pachyneuridae (1). The most species rich locality, Ruottaniitty rich fen in Ruovesi, harboured 69 species, while only 12 species were found from the least diverse locality; mean species richness of the studied sites was 40,3. Molophilus pullus (Limoniidae), Tinearia lativentris (Psychodidae) and Dixella nigra (Dixidae) are reported for the first time from Finland and the ecology and distribution of several rare and preliminary red-listed flies are discussed.We conclude that nematocerans have great potential as tools for bioassessment, conservation and monitoring of wetlands in the boreal region. We emphasize the importance of nearly pristine and species rich spring-fed fens in Ruovesi for the biodiversity preservation of Finnish wetlands

Intergenerational social mobility and body mass index trajectories – A follow-up study from Finland

Evidence remains unclear on how intergenerational social mobility is associated with body mass index (BMI) and its long-term changes. Our study identified BMI trajectories from middle to older age by intergenerational social mobility groups and stratified the analyses by gender and two birth cohorts (birth years 1940‒1947 and 1950–1962). We used questionnaire-based cohort data that consists of four survey phases: 2000–2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. In Phase 1, participants were 40–60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. Our analytical sample consisted of 6,971 women and 1,752 men. Intergenerational social mobility was constructed based on self-reported parental and own education—both divided into high and low—yielding four groups: stable high socioeconomic position (SEP) (high-high), upward social mobility (low-high), downward social mobility (high-low), and stable low SEP (low-low). BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight from all four phases. Using mixed-effects linear regression, we found increasing BMI trajectories in all four social mobility groups until the age of 65. Women and men with stable high SEP had lower BMI trajectories compared to those with stable low SEP. In the younger birth cohort, women with upward social mobility had a lower BMI trajectory than women with stable low SEP. Additionally, women and men with downward social mobility had higher BMI trajectories than those with stable high SEP. In the older birth cohort, however, the BMI trajectories of upward and downward social mobility groups were somewhat similar and settled between the BMI trajectories of stable high and stable low SEP groups. Our results indicate that the associations between intergenerational social mobility and BMI may depend on gender and birth cohort. Nevertheless, to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy weight gain, obesity prevention actions that focus on people who are likely to remain in low SEP might be worthwhile.Peer reviewe

Associations of changes in diet and leisure-time physical activity with employer's direct cost of short-term sickness absence

Several unhealthy lifestyles are associated with increased sickness absence (SA). This study examined the associations of changes in diet and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with employer’s direct cost of subsequent short-term (<10 working days) SA. The survey data from phases 1 (2000−2002) and 2 (2007) of the Helsinki Health Study (HHS), a longitudinal cohort study of initially 40−60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were linked with SA register data. Final data consisted of 4157 employees. Dietary habits were inquired with a short food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of fruits (F) and vegetables (V) was used to indicate healthiness of diet. LTPA was measured with a series of questions on the intensity and the amount of LTPA. Data on short-term SA and salaries (2008−2012) were received from the employers’ registers. A two-part model was used to analyse the associations. Those who improved their F&V consumption from non-daily to daily and persevered physically active got 620 € (95% CI −1194, −47) lower cost than those remaining non-daily F&V consumers and physically inactive. When examining LTPA only, those who persevered physically active or improved from moderately active to active got 19% less cost for the employer than those remaining inactive. Dietary changes were not independently associated with the cost. Improving employees’ diet and LTPA may reduce employer’s direct cost of SA. Although the associations of diet with SA cost were not statistically significant, improvements in diet may contribute to the beneficial associations of LTPA and employer’s cost of SA.Several unhealthy lifestyles are associated with increased sickness absence (SA). This study examined the associations of changes in diet and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with employer’s direct cost of subsequent short-term (<10 working days) SA. The survey data from phases 1 (2000−2002) and 2 (2007) of the Helsinki Health Study (HHS), a longitudinal cohort study of initially 40−60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were linked with SA register data. Final data consisted of 4157 employees. Dietary habits were inquired with a short food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of fruits (F) and vegetables (V) was used to indicate healthiness of diet. LTPA was measured with a series of questions on the intensity and the amount of LTPA. Data on short-term SA and salaries (2008−2012) were received from the employers’ registers. A two-part model was used to analyse the associations. Those who improved their F&V consumption from non-daily to daily and persevered physically active got 620 € (95% CI −1194, −47) lower cost than those remaining non-daily F&V consumers and physically inactive. When examining LTPA only, those who persevered physically active or improved from moderately active to active got 19% less cost for the employer than those remaining inactive. Dietary changes were not independently associated with the cost. Improving employees’ diet and LTPA may reduce employer’s direct cost of SA. Although the associations of diet with SA cost were not statistically significant, improvements in diet may contribute to the beneficial associations of LTPA and employer’s cost of SA.Peer reviewe

Young male patients are at elevated risk of developing serious central nervous system complications during acute Puumala hantavirus infection

Peer reviewe

Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ER alpha plus phenotype in breast cancer

Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ER alpha + ) phenotype that is initially responsive to antihormonal therapies, but drug resistance emerges. A major barrier to the understanding of the ER alpha-pathway biology and therapeutic discoveries is the restricted repertoire of luminal ER alpha + breast cancer models. The ER alpha + phenotype is not stable in cultured cells for reasons not fully understood. We examine 400 patient-derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures (PDECs) grown in various three-dimensional matrix scaffolds, finding that ER alpha is primarily regulated by the matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness upregulates the ER alpha signaling via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation. The finding that the matrix stiffness is a central cue to the ER alpha phenotype reveals a mechanobiological component in breast tissue hormonal signaling and enables the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Subject terms: ER-positive (ER + ), breast cancer, ex vivo model, preclinical model, PDEC, stiffness, p38 SAPK. Reliable luminal estrogen receptor (ER alpha+) breast cancer models are limited. Here, the authors use patient derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures grown in several extracellular matrix scaffolds and show that ER alpha expression is regulated by matrix stiffness via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation.Peer reviewe

The Glanville fritillary genome retains ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera

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Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ERα + phenotype in breast cancer

Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ER alpha + ) phenotype that is initially responsive to antihormonal therapies, but drug resistance emerges. A major barrier to the understanding of the ER alpha-pathway biology and therapeutic discoveries is the restricted repertoire of luminal ER alpha + breast cancer models. The ER alpha + phenotype is not stable in cultured cells for reasons not fully understood. We examine 400 patient-derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures (PDECs) grown in various three-dimensional matrix scaffolds, finding that ER alpha is primarily regulated by the matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness upregulates the ER alpha signaling via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation. The finding that the matrix stiffness is a central cue to the ER alpha phenotype reveals a mechanobiological component in breast tissue hormonal signaling and enables the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Subject terms: ER-positive (ER + ), breast cancer, ex vivo model, preclinical model, PDEC, stiffness, p38 SAPK.Reliable luminal estrogen receptor (ER alpha+) breast cancer models are limited. Here, the authors use patient derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures grown in several extracellular matrix scaffolds and show that ER alpha expression is regulated by matrix stiffness via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation.</p