Determination of Cotton Fineness by an Air Flow Method

Of all the physical properties of cotton, the fineness constitutes a property which arouses particular concern to spinners. Unlike, for example, fibre length, which is subject to a little effect of environmental conditions, the fineness of cotton is susceptible to many influences of environmental circu-mstances, e.g. temperature, relative humidity, maturity and particularly the amount of cotton irrigation water.Cotton, grown as a rain crop, can be more prone to immaturity than the cotton grown by artificial irrigation. Such immature cotton is weak and must be spun at a higher twist. This lowers the spinning production, since the production of this machine is inversely proportional to the amount of twist. This is a negative factor for production economy. This paper repre-sents a research work on fineness measurements of many cotton samples from a variety of countries, using the Micronaire as a testing appliance for fineness measurements. Factors affecting fineness are discussed and mathematical relationships of some important parameters are highlighted

The use of immunophenotypic biomarkers and quantitative polymerase chain reaction as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of diffuse large b cell non-hodgkins lymphoma in Sudan

Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe incidence of Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma has been increasing lately at an alarming rate especially, in developing countries like Sudan. The standard therapy in Sudan is based solely on the R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen, yet it has been noticed that Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma prognosis remains unfavorable. The late diagnosis and the consequent side-effects of the therapy directly affected the disease’s poor outcome. There is a scarcity of scientific publications regarding DLBCL in Sudan, but the increased burden necessitates the need for further research

Determination of Interleukin-35 in Sera of Male Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis

Background:- Renal failure may lead to increased inflammatory responses through a number of mechanisms which include decreased clearance of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased levels of antioxidant , that lead to increase of oxidative stress , nephrons are destroyed and kidney function is reduced . Objective:- The aims of this study were to determination the differences in the levels of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis and compare with control group. Method:- Sixty male individuals (age 40-60) were enrolled in this study which were divided into two groups as follows: Group (C) consisted of 30 healthy individuals as a control subject, (30) patients with (CRF) which were collected of their serum pre and post hemodialysis and control. IL-35, hs-CRP, TAC, MDA, MDA/TAC, urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin levels were evaluated. Results:- The results in this study revealed that mean of serum IL-35 levels were significantly increased differences in patients with (CRF) pre and post hemodialysis compared with control group and a significant positive correlation between IL-35 and (MDA, MDA/TAC) in patients with pre and post dialysis patients with CRF. Conclusion:- Our findings suggest that a high IL-35 level most possibly reflect that the patients with (CRF) are associated and the positive correlation with oxidant-antioxidant status. Therefore, we suggest that possible antioxidant strategies that can be used therapeutically for better management of (CRF)

A REPORT OF THREE DENTAL IMPLANT FRACTURE AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Implant fracture is one of the rare complications in Implant Dentistry. Such fractures pose important problems to both the patient and the dental surgeon. According to most literature sources, the prevalence of dental implant fractures is very low (approximately 2 fractures per 1000 implants in the mouth). However, considering that implant placement is becoming increasingly popular, an increase in the number of failures due to late fractures is to be expected. Clearly, careful treatment can contribute to reducing the incidence of fracture. An early diagnosis of the signs alerting to implant fatigue, such as loosening, torsion or fracture of the post screws and prosthetic ceramic fracture, can help prevent an undesirable outcome. Also, it is important to know and apply the measures required to prevent implant fracture. Therefore, the present literature reported three cases with fractured implants. It also discusses the management options and the possible causal mechanisms underlying such failures. In addition, the factors believed to contribute to implant fracture with literatures review were also discussed

POLYMORPHISM OF CYTOCHROME P450, SUPERFAMILY19, POLYPEPTIDE 1 GENE AND RELATED TO AROMATASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN ACROMEGALY IRAQI PATIENTS

Objective: The objective of the present work was to investigate the association between aromatase enzyme activity and polymorphisms, rs2236722, in exon 2 of cytochrome P450 (CYP), superfamily19, polypeptide 1 (CYP19A1gene) in patients with active acromegaly.Methods: A total of 120 males and females (age 20-60 years) were enrolled in this study, 60 patients with active acromegaly who have attended the National Diabetes Centre and and Specialist Center for endocrinology and diabetes, Baghdad, from December 2015 to June 2016 and 60 healthy individuals with matches as a control group. From the whole blood, genomic DNA was extracted to perform genotyping analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs2236722, in the CYP19A1 gene using multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique, and serum aromatase levels were determined using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on sandwich method.Results: The results show that the aromatase activity levels of patients were a highly significant decrease when contrasted with healthy control groups in both sexes (p≤0.01), and there were summarized positive results of an allele in single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs2236722, were highly significant in TT allele when contrasted with healthy control groups. While revealed that there was non-significant difference in TC allele when contrasted with healthy control groups (p>0.01).Conclusion: we conclude that there was associated between CYP19A1 gene polymorphism (rs2236722) with aromatase activity and related to acromegaly patients

Urinary iodine level assessment during third trimester in a sample of Egyptian pregnant women and its relation to thyroid function

Background: Inadequate intakes of iodine during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunctions that adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. Aim of the work was to evaluate the urinary iodine level as a marker of iodine status in a sample of Egyptian pregnant women during 3rd trimester and assess its relation to thyroid functions.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant females at their 3rd trimester aged (18-35) years. They were divided according to their urinary iodine concentration into 3 groups; Group (I): Pregnant females with deficient iodine (<150 μg/l), Group (II): Pregnant females with adequate iodine (150-249) μg/l, Group (III): pregnant females including who have above requirements (250-499 μg/l), and excessive (≥500 μg/l). TSH, free t4, free t3, Anti-Thyroglobulin (TgAb) and anti-thyroid perioxidase (TPOAb), medium urinary Iodine concentration (UIC) by ELISA and neck U/S were performed to all participants.Results: 18% of the pregnant women in our study had iodine deficiency during 3rd trimester (UIC<150 ug/l) whereas 55% of pregnant women had excess iodine level, and adequate iodine level was observed in 27%.  Serum TSH was significantly higher in group I with deficient iodine level (p value<0.01). All pregnant women included at group I were suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism. Serum TSH and thyroid volume were inversely correlated with urinary iodine among pregnant females at 3rd trimester (p value<0.01).Conclusions: Serum TSH and thyroid volume were inversely correlated with urinary iodine level among pregnant females at 3rd trimester

Older, Heavier, Arthritic, Psychiatrically Disordered, and Opioid-Familiar Patients Are at Risk for Opioid Use After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

Purpose: To investigate which factors predispose patients for prolonged opioid use after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction at a single institution between January 2013 and June 2020 was conducted. Opioid consumption before and after surgery was recorded and confirmed using Michigan Automated Prescriptions System monitoring program. Patients were classified into preoperative opioid users and nonusers. Risk factors for continued opioid use were assessed by collecting patient demographic variables, psychiatric history, number of previous patellar dislocations, and operative factors. Results: A total of 102 patients were included during the time frame of interest. Patients were on average 21.6 ± 8.5 years old with a mean body mass index of 28.2 ± 7.9. Thirty patients (29.0%) sustained \u3e10 dislocations preoperatively. Preoperative opioid use was present in 13 (12.7%) patients. Greater than 10 dislocations (odds ratio [OR] 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-20.92) and psychiatric history (OR 3.33, 95% CI, 1.2-9.1; P = .016) significantly predicted opioid refills the first month after surgery. Risk factors for opioid refills at 2 to 12 months postoperatively included smoking (OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.13-17.96), preoperative opioid use (OR 7.32, 95% CI 1.88-28.47), psychiatric disorder (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.3-6.2; P \u3c .001), age \u3e30 years (OR 7.03, 95% CI 3.63-13.61; P \u3c .001), and obesity (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.40-5.14; P = .002). Compared with Outerbridge 0, a greater percentage of patients with Outerbridge 1 or 2 and 3 or 4 continued using opioids 2 to 12 months after surgery (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.33-7.02; P = .006 and OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.24-6.59; P = .010, respectively). Conclusions: For patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction, preoperative opioid use, cartilage damage, age \u3e30 years, smoking history, body mass index \u3e30, and history of psychiatric disorder were found to be significantly associated with prolonged opioid use after surgery. Postoperative opioid refills in this cohort declined after 1 month. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study

Machine Translation Experiments on PADIC: A Parallel Arabic DIalect Corpus

International audienceWe present in this paper PADIC, a Parallel Arabic DIalect Corpus we built from scratch, then we conducted experiments on cross-dialect Arabic machine translation. PADIC is composed of dialects from both the Maghreb and the Middle-East. Each dialect has been aligned with Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Three dialects from Maghreb are concerned by this study: two from Algeria, one from Tunisia, and two dialects from the Middle-East (Syria and Palestine). PADIC has been built from scratch because the lack of dialect resources. In fact, Arabic dialects in Arab world in general are used in daily life conversations but they are not written. At the best of our knowledge, PADIC, up to now, is the largest corpus in the community working on dialects and especially those concerning Maghreb. PADIC is composed of 6400 sentences for each of the 5 concerned dialects and MSA. We conducted cross-lingual machine translation experiments between all the language pairs. For translating to MSA we interpolated the corresponding Language Model (LM) with a large Arabic corpus based LM. We also studied the impact of language model smoothing techniques on the results of machine translation because this corpus, even it is the largest one, it still very small in comparison to those used for translation of natural languages