SOSIALISASI KUSTA TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS PUUWATU KOTA KENDARI

Penyakit kusta adalah penyakit infeksi menahun  disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium leprae yang mana awalnya menyerang susunan saraf tepi lalu menyerang kulit dan mukosa saluran napas. Pengetahuan tentang penyakit kusta terutama tenaga kesehatan sangat penting untuk penanggulangan penyakit menular tersebut. Sosialisasi diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan sehingga dapat lebih optimal dalam menemukan kasus kusta serta penanggulangannya sehingga eliminasi kusta di Indonesia terutama di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Puuwatu dapat lebih terealisasi dengan baik. Sosialisasi dilakukan dengan pemberian materi deteksi dini penyakit kusta yang diantarkan oleh dokter spesialis kulit dan kelamin serta pemaparan tentang kondisi dan pemetaan penyakit Kusta dari Dinas kesehatan Kota Kendari. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pemberian pretest dan posttest dan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,00)setelah pemberian materi sosialisasi. Oleh karena itu, sosialisasi sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengingatkan kembali tenaga kesehatan dan untuk memperbaharui informasi tentang penyakit kusta tersebu

Analysis of the Characteristics of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women during the Covid 19 Pandemic

Pregnant women who experience chronic energy deficiency (KEK) tend to give birth to LBW babies and have a greater risk of death. Objective: This study was to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of KEK in pregnant women. Methods: The study was conducted for 2 months, in 2020 at Anggaberi Health Center and Soropia Health Center in Konawe district. Design: cross sectional, quantitative data collection and secondary data. The research sample was pregnant women who were registered in the maternal cohort data, which were taken randomly as many as 115 people. Univariate data analysis was carried out descriptively to see the distribution of the values ​​of the causal factors, bivariate analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between the causal factors and the incidence of KEK through statistics, namely Chi-square test and cross tabulation with a significance value of 0.05. The results of the study found that the factors associated with the incidence of KEK were age (p-value = 0.000), education level (p-value = 0.000), employment status (p-value = 0.000), and pregnancy weight (p-value = 0.000 ). The incidence of KEK is more likely in mothers who have characteristics such as age < 20 years and > 35 years, low education, not working and low pregnant weight. Therefore, it is hoped that an increase in food security at the family level can be socialized through providing information to preconception women through counseling, flip-charts and posters

Determination of OD Value and CFU Dilution for Modeling the Infection of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis on Experimental Mice

Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is also sometimes called a yeast infection, and it occurs when there is overgrowth of the normal yeast in the vagina. This infection is relatively common nearly 75% of all adult women have had at least one "yeast infection" in their lifetime and harmful for their immune system. Objective. To measure the number of colonies of Candida albicans in the treated mice induced by Candida albicans derived from clinical strain BALB/c at various clinical dosages in CFU dilution and to determine the optic density (OD) value in blood serums of the treated mice. Method. Three mice clinical strain BALB/c, 18-12 weeks, weight 25-30 gr, were randomly selected and Candida albicans were transvaginally induced to the treated mice with 10

Clinical Investigation of Leprosy Case in Kendari City

Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection that predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The long term impact of this infection including neuropathy is deformities and disability. The disease is associated with stigma, especially when deformities are present. Majority of patients exposed to Mycobacterium leprous will not develop the disease, suggesting that person immunity plays an important role in disease infection. This study aims to figure out the new case detection of leprosy patient in Kendari city at the year 2017-2019 and to find out the issues in leprosy elimination. The research was an observational study with descriptive approach. Data collection in this study is using the direct interview for the leprosy programmer from all of Public Health Centre in Kendari City and home visiting the leprosy patient.  Data analyzed and presented in narrative and figure. The result showed that in 2019, all of cases (14 cases) detected in the population were adult MB type of leprosy, New Case Detection Rate 3.67/100,000 population. Prevalence rate of leprosy cases that go under treatment in Kendari city was 0.57/10,000 population. Problem in eliminating of leprosy case : Case mapping of leprosy patient was not present, so endemic status not clear; several doctors and programmer of leprosy staffs untrained,  low participation and collaboration of relevant sector

The effect of Sea urchin (Diadema setosum) gonad extract on IgM and IgG antibodies production in BALB/c mice infected by Salmonella typhi

Background: Salmonella typhi infection decreases of the immune system and influences the adaptive antibodies among malnourished children. The gonad of Diadema setosum (D. setosum) is one of food sources from marine biota that contains high-quality nutrients and potentially can be used as a dietary supplement for typhoid fever condition. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of gonad D. setosum extract on the production of antibody IgM and IgG in an animal model. Method: This experimental study was used BALB/c mice before and after infected Salmonella typhi through intraperitoneally at 0.2 mL x the unit 103 CFU/mL. The level of IgM and IgG production was measured by Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. The control group was only fed with standard diets, while at the intervention group received the extract of D. setosum gonad in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). Results: Production of IgM antibodies in the control group significantly increased twofold (p=0.001) whereas the intervention group received the extracts of D. setosum gonad (200 mg/kg body weight) could suppress the increase in IgM antibody production and indicate the highest increase of IgG antibody significantly (p<0.05) at day 7. Conclusion: The gonad of Diadema setosum extracts (200 mg/kg body weight) could suppress the increase in IgM antibody productions and indicate the highest increase of IgG antibody titers in mice infected with Salmonella typhi. The role of anti-microbial substances of the gonad of Diadema setosum, is potential to be utilized as dietary supplement to increase body immune system among patients infected by Salmonella typhi

Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Age 24-59 Months Old

Stunting is a short and very short body state that exceeds the Z-Score -2 SD deficit below the median length or height, as measured by height by age or length by age (TB / U or PB / U). Many factors affect the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months. The aim of the study is to determine the determinants of the incidence of stunting in infants aged 24-59 months. This type of research is observational analytic using a case-control design. The study population was all mothers who have children aged 24-59 months in the working area of Puuwatu Health Center, Kendari City. The number of sample cases as many as 35 people while the number of control samples as many as 72 people with a sample comparison of 1 case: 2 controls so that the total sample size of 108 people, obtained through purposive sampling. The results showed that mothers who had a height of <150 cm had a risk of 2.6 times having a toddler suffering from stunting compared to mothers who had a height of ≥ 150 cm. Determinants of stunting proxies in the working area of Puuwatu Health Center, Kendari City was maternal height with Exp value = 0.386

Vitamin E Potential in Extract of Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus through the Increase on Gene Expression of Adiponectin in Diabetes Mellitus

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus is one of the marine resources that incredibly abundance in Indonesian waters, particularly in Southeast Province. Fish oil or Omega-3 (n-3 PUFA) in anchovy fish has essential roles for the protection of degenerative diseases. This study supposed that anchovy has certain micronutrients including vitamin E that has beneficial roles for the absorption of Omega-3, and provides a potential resource at the future as constituent materials for natural medicines or functional food through the increase of gene expression of adiponectin that helps blood glucose regulation for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. For that reason, the specific aim of this study was to measure and assess vitamin E content in oil extract of Anchovy derived from Kendari Sea Waters, Southeast Sulawesi Province-Indonesia. Extraction of Anchovy samples used the Soxhlet method, whereas analysis of vitamin E used the (UV)/Vis spectrophotometric method. Results of the study revealed that 5 gr fresh Engraulis encrasicolus  Anchovy resulted in 3 ml fish oil, whereas oil extract of Engraulis encrasicolus Anchovy contains (31,50 µg/g) th

Level of Cytokine Interleukin-6 and Interleukin 1-β on Infectious Rat Model Treated with Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith Fruit Extract as Immunomodulator

Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith or locally in Southeast Sulawesi known as Wualae fruit has activity as an immunomodulator by increasing phagocytosis activity. Prior studies have been conducted to observe the effect of E. elatior&nbsp;as an immunomodulator, thus further study is needed to observe the production of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 which are responsible for the immune responses. Etlingera elatior&nbsp;fruit macerated with 96% ethanol for three days and produced a total of ±74.6 g concentrated extract. Experimental animals used were divided into four groups (n=4) and treated orally once a day for seven days as follows: group I (0.5% Na CMC); group II (Stimuno®); group III (E. elatior&nbsp;fruit extract dose of 300 mg/kg BW); and group IV (E. elatior fruit extract dose of 400 mg/kg BW). On the eight-day, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally and left for an hour. Thereafter, blood was collected and assayed using ELISA Kit (Elabscience rat IL-1β and Elabscience rat IL-6). Results demonstrated that group IV increased levels of IL-1β and group III and IV increased level of IL-6 (p&lt;0.05). Increased levels of IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with phagocytosis in the immune response. In conclusion, E. elatior&nbsp;fruit extract at doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg BW increases levels of IL-1β and IL-6

Gonad Extracts of Diadema setosum as Potential Antibacterial Agent Derived from Wakatobi District Sea Waters Southeast Sulawesi Province-Indonesia

High incidence rates of typhoid fever and urinary tract infections in developing countries are aggravated by the overuse of antibiotics that lead to higher resistance of strains of bacteria, including&nbsp;Salmonella typhi&nbsp;and uropathogenic&nbsp;E. coli&nbsp;(UPEC). This dilemma instigates recent studies to find alternative drugs derived from marine resources to reduce the resistance of these harmful bacteria through the utilization of bioactive compounds in the gonad of&nbsp;Diadema setosum. For that reason, this study was conducted to explore the antibacterial properties of ethyl acetate extract in the gonad of&nbsp;Diadema setosum&nbsp;on&nbsp;S.typhi&nbsp;and&nbsp;E. coli&nbsp;bacteria. Chemical screening of bioactive compounds in the gonad of&nbsp;Diadema setosum&nbsp;used ethyl acetate solvent, whereas the antibacterial sensitivity test was conducted by diluting the gonad extracts in 10% DMSO. Preparation of 10% DMSO was made by mixing 10 ml DMSO with a 90 ml aquadest. Each gonad extract of 1 g, 2 g, 4 g, and 8 g was diluted in 10 ml DMSO with the extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, respectively. Results of the chemical screening of the gonad extracts of&nbsp;Diadema setosum&nbsp;showed that the gonad extracts contained flavonoids (orange to red color), steroids (greenish color), and saponin was marked in the form of foam for 15 minutes. Meanwhile, results of the culture test proved that ethyl acetate extract of the gonad of Diadema setosum inhibited the growth of&nbsp;E. coli&nbsp;and&nbsp;S. typhi&nbsp;at 80% concentration classified into high inhibition response with mean inhibition response was 21 mm for&nbsp;E. coli&nbsp;and mean inhibition response was 20 mm for&nbsp;S. typhi&nbsp;compared to the concentrations of 40%, 20%, and 10 %. It was concluded that the gonad extracts of&nbsp;Diadema setosum&nbsp;could be used as a potential novel drug for reducing the resistance of these bacteria. In addition, the gonad of&nbsp;Diadema setosum&nbsp;delivers a potential alternative foodstuff to improve health status and prevents the negative effects of these bacterial strains

Detection of Salmonella Typhi in Urine of 6-12 Years Old Children in the Coastal Region of Southeast Sulawesi Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria still become a global health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Previous study reports showed that Salmonella typhi is one of the causes of urinary tract infections in children which suspected of lack of access to clean water, contaminated food and poor environmental sanitation. This study aimed to detect Salmonella typhi bacteria in the urine of children at aged 6-12 years, residing in the Coastal Region of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Measuring instrument to detect Salmonella typhi bacteria in 50 mid-stream urine while in children using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with amplification product length was 302 bp. As much as 47 samples of Nutrient Broth (NB) were positive (94%) and only 3 (6%) samples gave a negative result. The results of the study showed that from 94% of the urine samples of children, Salmonella typhi was detected in their urine as much as 24% with a distribution of 18% female and 6% male