Expanded study of feasibility of measuring in-flight 747/JT9D loads, performance, clearance, and thermal data

The JT9D jet engine exhibits a TSFC loss of about 1 percent in the initial 50 flight cycles of a new engine. These early losses are caused by seal-wear induced opening of running clearances in the engine gas path. The causes of this seal wear have been identified as flight induced loads which deflect the engine cases and rotors, causing the rotating blades to rub against the seal surfaces, producing permanent clearance changes. The real level of flight loads encountered during airplane acceptance testing and revenue service and the engine's response in the dynamic flight environment were investigated. The feasibility of direct measurement of these flight loads and their effects by concurrent measurement of 747/JT9D propulsion system aerodynamic and inertia loads and the critical engine clearance and performance changes during 747 flight and ground operations was evaluated. A number of technical options were examined in relation to the total estimated program cost to facilitate selection of the most cost effective option. It is concluded that a flight test program meeting the overall objective of determining the levels of aerodynamic and inertia load levels to which the engine is exposed during the initial flight acceptance test and normal flight maneuvers is feasible and desirable. A specific recommended flight test program, based on the evaluation of cost effectiveness, is defined

Effects of Adding Folklore to Basal Reading Programs

For the past several years reading in the elementary schools has been an area of special emphasis and has been reinforced as one of the basics of a good education. In response to this situation, educators are always searching for ways to improve reading instruction

More Mixed Colonies in Ants

At the meeting of the Academy two years ago (King, \u2749) nine mixed colonies of ants containing Formica reflexa and Formica fusca were reported. Seven of these had failed to survive the winter following their discovery; of the other two, found in 1948, only one survived the winter of 48-49 and contained only F. reflexa in 1949. This pure colony of F. reflexa, the only one ever reported, was deserted by the early summer of 1950. Two new mixed colonies were found in 1949 near the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory, Dickinson County, Iowa: only one of these survived the winter of 49-50; during the summer of 1950 it was still mixed. The rarity of pure colonies of this species tends to confirm the suggestion of Buren (\u2742) that F. reflexa is a permanent social parasite on Formica fusca

An Ant Colony which Moved over Two Hundred Feet

Colonies of Formica rufa melanotica Emery construct the most conspicuous ant nests in the region of the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory; 85 nests of this species have been found in 40 acres of prairie. These nests are often two feet in diameter: a thatched mound composed of short lengths of grass, twigs and other plant debris; well-developed mounds are often 18 inches high with an outer rampart of earth upon which the plant material forms a thatch. More numerous than these nests of melanotica are the smaller earthen mounds of the prairie ant, Formica cinerea neocinerea Wheeler: 72 nests of the latter species have been found in an area of about 2½ acres

On the Half-Life of Nests of Formica obscuripes Forel.

In these Proceedings for 1953 (p. 656) we discussed the duration of nets of Formica obscuripes Forel. We now have data for two additional years which establish certain facts only indicated earlier. The survey was started during the summer of 1945 on the grounds of the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory in Dickinson County, Iowa. Nests of the thatching ant were marked with metal tags on wire stakes and were plotted by compass readings from conspicuous features of the surroundings. The survey was repeated each summer; new nests were located and marked, and the loss of old nests recorded. The data are presented in table 1

Use of geographic information systems and infrared-triggered cameras to assess white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) habitat in Denton County, Texas.

This study utilized geographic information systems, remote sensing, and infrared-triggered cameras to assess white-tailed deer habitat in Denton County, Texas. Denton County is experiencing tremendous growth in both population and development. Despite their presence here historically, white-tailed deer were all but extirpated by the beginning of the 20th century, and there are no data available which support their presence in Denton County again until the 1980's. This study attempts to equate the increase in white-tailed deer population to Denton County's transformation from an agricultural to an urban economy and lifestyle. Eighteen sites were chosen throughout the county to research the following metrics: geology, soils, landcover, landscape ecology, streams, shorelines, land use, population, roads, structures, and census methods

Making it Real: Using Field-Based and Practice-Based Experiences in Personnel Preparation

This panel presentation will describe engaging, evidence-based methods for preparing EC/ECSE personnel using practice-based experiences. Strategies include field placement, video analysis, self-analysis, peer and faculty coaching, and case study. Practice-based experiences will be aligned closely with DEC RP and CEC preparation standards. Challenges, suggestions, and free resources will be discussed

Birth, life and death of a cyclonic eddy in the Southern Ocean

The ACC is a climatically relevant frontal structure of global importance that regularly develops instabilities which grow into meanders that eventually evolve into long-lived cyclonic eddies. These eddies exhibit sustain primary productivity that can last several months fuelled by local resupply of nutrients. During April-May 2015 we conducted an intensive field experiment in the Southern Ocean (SMILES) where we sampled and tracked an ACC meander as it developed into an eddy and later vanished some 90 days later. The meander and later eddy physical characteristics were observed with a combination of high resolution hydrography, ADCP and turbulence observations in addition to surface and depth resolved biogeochemical observations of nutrients and phytoplankton. The life and death of the eddy was subsequently tracked through ARGO, BIO-ARGO and remote sensing

Macropseudogynes (or Pterergates?) in Formica fossaceps Buren (Formicidae)

Large worker ants with vestigial wings were found in certain colonies of Formica fossaceps Buren at the Iowa Lakeside Laboratory near Milford, Iowa. This paper deals with one of these colonies (49F), found on the Laboratory grounds, June 15. 1949; vestigial winged workers were present in considerable numbers in this colony. Extensive collections were made: in 1949, a total of 1414 workers, 117 (8.3%) with vestigial wings; in 1950, 9 males and 539 workers, 32 (5.9%) with vestigial wings; the colony was not found in 1951. The total number of workers was 1953, of which 119 (7.6%) had vestigial wings