Potential Use of Nonconventional Silages in Ruminant Feeding for Tropical and Subtropical Areas

The conventional silage uses crops such as corn, sorghum or other forages for this specific objective. The nonconventional silages use by-products, co-products and other materials obtained during the harvest or during the processing in the industry of sugarcane, juice extraction of citrus, pineapple, cassava, pumpkin and others. These products are available in high amounts during a short period of time. These by-products can be ensiled to maintain their nutritive value during longer period in the year and then used as feed for animals. These by-products have adequate characteristics for ensiling, i.e., moisture content and fermentable carbohydrates. Forages reduce their crude protein (CP) concentration in a period of the year (dry season or in winter), which may limit animal production. Most by-products used for silage have low CP concentration; some additives may help increase the nutritive value of these silages. These by-products (sugarcane, juice extraction of citrus, pineapple, cassava, pumpkin and others) can be mixed and ensiled with other by-products as poultry excreta or forage rich in protein to obtain silage with greater CP concentration. The research shows the feasibility of obtaining good quality silages from sugarcane tops, by-products of citrus, cassava and pumpkin; the particularities of each are discussed in detail in this chapter

Lesson Plan, Social Studies, 8th Grade

TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills): 8.2 (A) Identify reasons for English, Spanish, and French exploration and colonization of North America Lesson objective(s): TLW identify reasons why Spain colonized Nuevo Santander. TLW understand physical characteristics of the Rio Grande Valley that influenced settlement. Differentiation strategies to meet diverse learner needs: ELD students- whole class discussion, visuals, videos. SPED students- provide notes and short summarie

Una lectura de lo nacional desde lo popular en Juan de la Rosa

La novela Juan de la Rosa. Memorias del último soldado de la independencia (1885) de Nataniel Aguirre es esencial para entender los debates en torno a la construcción del proyecto boliviano de modernidad a lo largo del siglo XX y de la identidad cultural del Estado pluricultural del siglo XXI. El presente trabajo propone una mirada que permite interpelar el sentido de lo nacional desde lo popular, representado a su vez como “esencia” de lo nacional y aquellas alteridades culturales invisibles que lo des-­‐construyen. Por ese motivo lo popular se constituye en un espacio de disputa que desde el discurso oficial debe ser traído a la representación de lo nacional, siempre contenido, domesticado o civilizado dentro de los márgenes del discurso modernizador. Al abrir las puertas a lo popular, ni el discurso de la novela ni el discurso nacional pueden borrar del todo las huellas subversivas de lo popular. Subversión de la imagen homogénea de nación y de los sueños de modernidad de una nación que aún arrastra los problemas irresueltos desde su fundación. Se plantea como conclusión debatir el sentido de lo nacional, hoy en día en Bolivia, en torno a las innumerables articulaciones entre lo popular, lo nacional y la modernidad y la heterogeneidad cultural como vía productiva en la construcción del nuevo Estado pluricultural

Influence of methionine supplementation of growing diets enriched with lysine on feedlot performance and characteristics of digestion in Holstein steer calves.

ObjectiveTwo trials were conducted in order to examine the effects of level of supplemental methionine on productive performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration, and digestive function.MethodsDietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet containing urea as the only source of supplemental nitrogen supplemented with no supplemental amino acid (control), or control plus 1.01% lysine and 0.032%, 0.064%, 0.096%, or 0.128% methionine. In Trial 1, 150 Holstein steer calves (127±4.9 kg) were utilized to evaluate the influence of treatments on growth-performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration during the first 112 days of growing period. During the initial 56-d period calves received the 5 experimental diets. During the subsequent 56-d period all calves were fed the control diet.ResultsDuring the initial 56-d period, methionine supplementation increased (linear effect, p<0.01) plasma methionine. In the presence of supplemental lysine, increases on level of methionine in diet did not affect average daily gain. However, increased gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.03) and estimated dietary net energy (NE; linear effect, p = 0.05). Estimated metabolizable methionine supply was closely associated (R2 = 0.95) with efficiency NE utilization for maintenance and gain. During the subsequent 56-d period, when all calves received the control diet (no amino acid supplementation), plasma amino acid concentrations and growth performance was not different among groups. However, the effects of methionine supplementation during the initial 56-period carried over, so that following a 56-d withdrawal of supplementation, the overall 112-d effects on gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.05) dietary NE (linear effect, p≤0.05) remained appreciable. In Trial 2, 5 cannulated Holstein steers were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion and amino acid supply to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects on flow of dietary and microbial N to the small intestine. Postruminal N digestion increased (p = 0.04) with increasing level of supplemental methionine. Methionine supplementation linearly increased (p<0.01) duodenal flow of methionine. Likewise, lysine supplementation increased an average of 4.6% (p = 0.04) duodenal flow of lysine. In steers that received non-supplemented diet, observed intestinal amino acid supply were in good agreement with expected.ConclusionWe conclude that addition of rumen-protected methionine and lysine to diets may enhance gain efficiency and dietary energetics of growing Holstein calves. Observed amino acid supply to the small intestine were in good agreement with expected, supportive of NRC (2000, Level 1)

Influence of Kaolinite Clay Supplementation on Growth Performance and Digestive Function in Finishing Calf-fed Holstein Steers.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of kaolinite clay supplementation (0%, 1%, or 2% diet dry matter [DM] basis) on characteristics of digestion (Trial 1) and growth performance (Trial 2) in calf-fed Holstein steers fed a finishing diet. In Trial 1, 6 Holstein steers (539±15 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion. Kaolinite clay supplementation decreased total tract DM digestion (linear effect, p<0.01) without effects (p≥0.10) on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, starch and N, or ruminal microbial efficiency. There were no treatment effects on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids molar proportions or estimated methane production. In Trial 2, 108 Holstein steers (132.4±5.6 kg) were used in a 308-d study to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics. There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on average daily gain (ADG) and gain efficiency (ADG/dry matter intake). Kaolinite supplementation tended (linear effect, p = 0.08) to increase dietary net energy (NE) during the initial 112-d period. However, the overall (308-d) effect of supplementation dietary NE was not appreciable (p>0.20). However, due to the inertness of kaolinite, itself, the ratio of observed-to-expected dietary NE increased with kaolinite supplementation. This effect was more pronounced (linear effect, p 0.03) during the initial 224 d of the study. Overall (308 d), kaolinite supplementation tended to increase (linear effect, p = 0.07) dietary NE by 3% over expected. Kaolinite supplementation did not affect carcass weight, yield grade, longissimus area, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, and quality grade, but decreased (linear effect, p = 0.01) dressing percentage. It is concluded that kaolinite supplementation up to 2% of diet DM may enhance energetic efficiency of calf-fed Holstein steers in a manner independent of changes in characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion

How it started/ how it’s going’: Aligning Teacher Educators’ designs, approaches and identities in our new online reality

[EN] E-learning scholars have long predicted the conversion of conventional education to online learning spaces. That conversion has now happened. Regardless of what occurs in a post-pandemic era, teaching and learning will never be the same. Where does that leave teacher educators (TEs) who grapple with how to best prepare future teachers for the new era? The aim of our research was to determine the impact of supporting a small group of Chilean TEs in re-designing their online instructional approaches by aligning them with contemporary learning theories and goals. In the Chilean context, prior to the pandemic, e-learning was still on the periphery, and transitions from teacher-directed approaches had only just begun. In this 10-month qualitative inquiry, we focused on the TEs experiences online as they adopted sociocultural-based, 21st century instructional designs, and implemented strategies intended to promote agency and engagement in their students. The TEs long-held teacher-centric identities and approaches sometimes interfered in this trajectory. Yet, their heightened critical awareness of the ineffectiveness of traditional teaching paradigms in online settings combined with their grounded efforts and perseverance, resulted in positive evidence of ‘real’change to their designs, practices and identities – changes many have been seeking in educational systems for some time.Gowdy, P.; Aura, J.; Salinas, D. (2021). How it started/ how it’s going’: Aligning Teacher Educators’ designs, approaches and identities in our new online reality. En 7th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'21). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1259-1266. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd21.2021.13158OCS1259126

Registro de desorden cromático en Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en la Amazonia del Ecuador

We present a case of chromatic disorder observed in a specimen of Trachops cirrhosus from lowland forests of the Ecuadorian Amazon. During the field work, six individuals of this species were captured with mist nets in an intervened habitat, of which, a juvenile male specimen was distinguishable from the rest of the individuals due to the presence of whitish spots on the ventral region, on the chest and abdomen. We discuss the previous reports of this type of pigmentary disorders in bats from Ecuador, and in the Neotropic, documenting the first record of Trachops cirrhosus with this condition for the country.Presentamos un caso de desorden cromático observado en un ejemplar de Trachops cirrhosus proveniente de bosques de tierras bajas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Durante el trabajo de campo, seis individuos de esta especie fueron capturados con redes de niebla en un hábitat intervenido, de los cuales, un ejemplar macho juvenil fue distinguible del resto de individuos debido a la presencia manchas blanquecinas en la región ventral, en el pecho y abdomen. Discutimos sobre los reportes previos de este tipo de trastornos pigmentarios en murciélagos de Ecuador, y en el Neotrópico, documentando el primer registro de esta especie con esta condición para el país

Effect of energy density and virginiamycin supplementation in diets on growth performance and digestive function of finishing steers.

ObjectiveThis study was determined the influence of virginiamycin supplementation on growth-performance and characteristics of digestion of cattle with decreasing dietary net energy value of the diet for maintenance (NEm) from 2.22 to 2.10 Mcal/kg.MethodsEighty crossbred beef steers (298.2±6.3 kg) were used in a 152-d performance evaluation consisting of a 28-d adaptation period followed by a 124-d growing-finishing period. During the 124-d period steers were fed either a lesser energy dense (LED, 2.10 Mcal/kg NEm) or higher energy dense (HED, 2.22 Mcal/kg NEm) diet. Diets were fed with or without 28 mg/kg (dry matter [DM] basis) virginiamycin in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Four Holstein steers (170.4±5.6 kg) with cannulas in the rumen (3.8 cm internal diameter) and proximal duodenum were used in 4×4 Latin square experiment to study treatment effects on characteristics of digestion.ResultsNeither diet energy density nor virginiamycin affected average daily gain (p>0.10). As expected, dry matter intake and gain efficiency were greater (p<0.01) for LED- than for HED-fed steers. Virginiamycin did not affect estimated net energy value of the LED diet. Virginiamycin increased estimated NE of the HED diet. During daylight hours when the temperature humidity index averaged 81.3±2.7, virginiamycin decreased (p<0.05) ruminal temperature. Virginiamycin did not influence (p>0.10) ruminal or total tract digestion. Ruminal (p = 0.02) and total tract digestion (p<0.01) of organic matter, and digestible energy (p<0.01) were greater for HED vs LED. Ruminal microbial efficiency was lower (p<0.01) for HED vs LED diets.ConclusionThe positive effect of virginiamycin on growth performance of cattle is due to increased efficiency of energy utilization, as effects of virginiamycin on characteristics of digestion were not appreciable. Under conditions of high ambient temperature virginiamycin may reduce body temperature

Elaboración del plan de implementación de la metodología toc en una empresa procesadora de productos de acero”

Uno de los grandes problemas de la industria ecuatoriana es el incumplimiento en las promesas de entrega o en el caso de las comercializadoras no poseer el producto que el cliente requiere en el momento adecuado; todo esto conlleva a la pérdida de ventas, o lo que es peor, la pérdida de clientes potenciales; ACEROS S.A. no es ajena a los problemas que presenta la industria y como toda empresa cuyo deseo es crecer día tras día, se encuentra en la búsqueda de un sistema que permita administrar las operaciones desde un punto de vista global. El presente proyecto se basó en el trabajo del Dr. Eliyahu. M. Goldratt sobre la Teoría de Restricciones (TOC) como una metodología para mejorar continuamente a la organización y convertirla en siempre próspera. Debido a que TOC ha sido poco aplicada en el país e implica grandes cambios en las políticas de trabajo establecidas, la compañía ACEROS S.A. deseaba tener conocimiento de cuál es la manera adecuada de implementar esta metodología de trabajo; al mismo tiempo que deseaba conocer los potenciales beneficios que se obtendrían si se cambia la manera de llevar a cabo las operaciones. A lo largo de este trabajo se presentan los conceptos principales sobre TOC, se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la compañía y se definió la estrategia o grupo de estrategias TOC que mejor se adaptan a la realidad de la compañía. Una vez elegido el grupo de estrategias a aplicar, se presenta a manera de procedimiento el plan que deberá seguir la empresa para implementar correctamente una estrategia basada en teoría de restricciones. Para esto se hizo uso de los árboles de estrategia y tácticas que han sido desarrollados por el Dr. Goldratt. El plan de implementación que se presenta en este trabajo permitirá a la compañía alinear su cadena de suministros y brindará un mecanismo para ofrecer plazos de entrega confiables al mismo tiempo que establecerá las bases para futuros planes de mejora continua. Finalmente se realizó una estimación de las mejoras tanto financieras como operacionales a obtenerse como resultado de la implementación del plan en la compañía, entre las cuales se tienen: cumplimiento en las fechas de entrega en un porcentaje superior al 98%, disponibilidad de productos superior al 90%, disminución de los niveles de inventarios y aumento en rentabilidad; sin que esto implique tomar decisiones que puedan poner en riesgo a la compañía.