Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals Ni, V in sediments and anodonts of the Anzali Lagoon and applicability of netural red retention assay (NRR) as biomarkers of these pollutants

Biochemical ecotoxicology and biomarkers using are a new sciences that are used for biomonitoring in aquatic environment. Biomonitoring plays a vital role in strategies to identify, assess, and control contaminants. On the other hands in recent year's attention to polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals increased in aquatic environments because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties combined with their nearly ubiquitous distribution in depositional environments by oil pollution or industrial waste waters. The present research aimed to assess PAHs and Ni, V levels in surface sediments and bivalves (Anodonta cygnea)and the effects of PAHs and heavy metals (Ni,V) on the hemocyte of the Anodonta cygnea were investigated in 2 stations (Mahrozeh, Selke in Anzali Lagoon, North of Iran). Samples were collected during at 2 different periods of the year, Dry and rain seasons, (June & September) and to confirm our first observations, Cage station is added. The bivalves hemocytes were monitored for membrane injury by NRR methods (neutral red retention assay). Heavy metal (Ni, V) concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption in Anodonta cygnea and the sediments in Anzali Lagoon. The vanadium concentration in bivalves and sediments was ND(not detect )-0.4231 μg/g and 1.4381-306.9603 μg/g dry weight respectively. Nickel concentration in bivalves and sediments was 0.0231-1.3351, 0.4024-19.3561 μg/g dry weight respectively. PAHs concentrations were determined by GC-Mass in Anodonta cygnea and the sediments. Average concentration of PAHs is 115-373.788 ng/g dry weight in bivalves and average concentration of PAHs is 34.85-1339.839 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Bioaccumulation sediments factor(BASF) is high about PAHs (>1) and BASF is low for Ni, V (<1) . Internal Damage mechanisms of bivalves hemocytes (cell mortality, dye leakage, decreased membrane stability, are observed (Lowe Methods). Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between altered cellular and above contaminants. There are power and negative correlations between PAHs and NRR method for hemocytes in Anodonta cygnea (P<0.0005), but good correlation is not observed between Ni, V and NRR method for hemocytes in every time. This research indicates that the NRR assay is a useful screening technique able to discriminate polluted sites and at first we announce that Anodonta cygnea hemocytes are efficient biomarker for PAHs pollutants in fresh water

Assessment of Cd, Ca, Zn, Cr, Al concentrations in water, sediment and tissues of mangrove forest, Avicennia marina from Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf

899-906In this study, the heavy metals pollution in water, sediments and different tissues (root, stem and leaf) of mangrove forest, Avicennia marina, from Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf was investigated. Sampling was performed in 10 stations along the Qeshm Island and Khmir Port located in Hormozgan province. The average concentration of metals was measured using the ICP-AES. The average concentration of Cd, Ca, Zn, Cr, Al in water samples was: 0.015 µg.g-1, 66.4 µg.g-1, 0.014 µg.g-1, 0.01 µg.g-1and 62.15 µg.g-1, respectively.  The average concentration of Cd, Ca, Zn, Cr, Al in leaf of A. marina was: 0.11, 4954, 12, 1.07 and 721 µg/g; in stem tissues it was 0.07, 10.04, 1.16 and 648.54 µg/g, and in the root tissues it was 0.24, 18234, 14.4, 7.24 and 1982 µg/g, respectively. Also, the average concentration of metals (µg.g-1) in sediment samples was 1.04 for Cd, 48.18 for Zn, 79.61 for Cr and 27578 for Al. The decreasing trend of metals concentration in water, sediment and tissues of A. marina in all stations was observed as Ca > Al > Cd > Zn > Cr.   There were significant differences in metals concentration between tissues of A. marina (PA. marina which accumulates metals and transport them to leaves can be an appropriate biomarker for detection of heavy metals in marine coast areas

Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn and Tp53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and increased risk of uterine leiomyoma - A case-control study

Abstract The aim of present study was to investigate the role of the X-ray repair cross-complementing protein1 (XRCC1) and Tumor protein p53 (Tp53) polymorphisms in Uterine Leiomyoma (UL) susceptibility in southeastern Iran. This case control study was performed on 139 women with UL and 149 age, BMI and ethnicity matched healthy women. All women were genotyped for the XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Tp53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms. The frequency of Tp53 72 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly higher in UL women compared to controls. The risk of UL was 1.5 fold higher in women with the Pro/Pro genotype (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1], p = 0.012). Moreover, the frequency of the Pro allele was significantly higher in the UL women. Although the frequency of XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotypes did not significantly differ between UL and control groups before adjusting for age, there was an association between the XRCC1 Arg/Gln genotype and UL after adjusting for age (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3]). No association was observed between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and UL. The Pro/Pro genotype of Tp53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was associated with UL susceptibility. In addition, the XRCC1 Arg/Gln genotype was associated with increased risk of UL after adjusting for age