Exploring English speaking program in an Islamic boarding school in Kudus

Speaking is a primary aspect of studying a language. A speaking skill need many opportunities to practice. Many schools provide English Club extracurricular facilities as a means of supporting speaking skill. An Islamic boarding Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan has a system that students are obligate to speak English in their daily communication. The aims of the research is to find out the purposes, the implementation, strengths, and weaknesses of the English speaking program at Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan. The formulation of the research problems were: 1) What are purposes of English speaking program? 2) How is the implementation of English speaking program? 3) What are the strengths and weaknesses of English Speaking Program? The Research method: 1) the research design in this study was descriptive research with qualitative approach, 2) the subject of this study was the supervisor and student organization/tutor, 3) The research instruments were observation, interview, and documentation. The research findings were: the description of Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan. The English program has three purposes. Those are: to create good environment to practice English, to train student correct grammar and pronunciation, to build the students to speak bravely. There are four kinds of implementation English speaking program; those are daily, weekly, monthly, and annual program. There are strengths and weakness in English speaking program. The strengths are; students acquire more new vocabulary, student have good environment in English practice and they are more confident in speaking English, the weakness is in the use of grammar

Heavy metal accumulation potential and medicinal property of Bacopa monnieri - a paradox

Bioaccumulation of Mercury and Cadmium in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, cultivated in Hoagland medium artificially contaminated with micro quantities of HgCl2 and CdCl2 is investigated. Bioaccumulation potential of B. monnieri is more towards Cd than Hg. Absorption and translocation of Hg and Cd are proportional to the availability of the metal in the growth media and period of growth. Effect of acidic pH showed enhanced accumulation while basic pH resulted in significant reduction in the accumulation of Hg and exorbitant reduction of Cd. As a result of combined treatment of HgCl2 and CdCl2, accumulation was very low in both acidic and basic pH. In addition to pH, antagonistic effect of Ca2+ present in lime water which was added to raise the pH of the growth medium also controls the accumulation and absorption of Hg and Cd ions. Bioaccumulation of Hg and Cd in B. monnieri reveals the phytoremediation potential while the bioaccumulation is hazards to health since the plant is highly medicinal and one important ingredient of many Ayurvedic preparations

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, UMUR PERUSAHAAN, LIKUIDITAS, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA (Studi Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2012-2016)

ABSTRAK Fungsi laporan keuangan yang diterbitkan oleh perusahaan, sebagai hasil dari proses akuntansi, adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan para pemakainya. Pentingnya informasi tentang laba sangat disadari oleh manajemen perusahaan sehingga manajemen terdorong melakukan perbuatan yang tidak semestinya dengan mengatur suatu kondisi laba yang stabil melalui rekayasa pencatatan akuntansi yang dikenal dengan manajemen laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menggambarkan, dan menjelaskan pengaruh good corporate governance, umur perusahaan, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2012-2016. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah good corporate governance, umur perusahaan, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas. Sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah manajemen laba. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan verifikatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2012-2016 sebanyak 32 perusahaan. Metode pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini, jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 18 perusahaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, analisi korelasi, pengujian hipotesis (uji statistik t dan uji statistik F), serta koefisien determinasi dengan menggunakan software IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, variabel umur perusahaan dan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan variabel good corporate governance dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. Secara simultan, variabel good corporate governance, umur perusahaan, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas memberikan pengaruh sebesar 27.7% terhadap manajemen laba. Kata kunci : good corporate governance, umur perusahaan, likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan manajemen lab

Harvesting of microalgae by bio-flocculation

The high-energy input for harvesting biomass makes current commercial microalgal biodiesel production economically unfeasible. A novel harvesting method is presented as a cost and energy efficient alternative: the bio-flocculation by using one flocculating microalga to concentrate the non-flocculating microalga of interest. Three flocculating microalgae, tested for harvesting of microalgae from different habitats, improved the sedimentation rate of the accompanying microalga and increased the recovery of biomass. The advantages of this method are that no addition of chemical flocculants is required and that similar cultivation conditions can be used for the flocculating microalgae as for the microalgae of interest that accumulate lipids. This method is as easy and effective as chemical flocculation which is applied at industrial scale, however in contrast it is sustainable and cost-effective as no costs are involved for pre-treatment of the biomass for oil extraction and for pre-treatment of the medium before it can be re-used

Electrodeposition of CdTe thin films using nitrate precursor for applications in solar cells

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films have been electrodeposited (ED) on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using simplified two-electrode system in acidic and aqueous solution containing Cd(NO3)2 4H2O and TeO2. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been carried out to study the structural, optical, electrical and morphological properties of the CdTe layers. The XRD study shows that the ED-CdTe layers are polycrystalline with cubic crystal structure. Results obtained from optical absorption reveal that the bandgaps of the as-deposited and the CdCl2 treated CdTe layers are in the ranges ~1.50 to ~1.54 eV and ~1.46 to ~1.51 eV, respectively. Observation from PEC measurements indicates a p-, i- and n-type electrical conductivity for as-deposited CdTe layers grown in the cathodic voltage range (1,247–1,258) mV. The SEM images indicate noticeable change in CdTe grain size from ~85 to ~430 nm after CdCl2 treatment with uniform surface coverage of the glass/FTO substrate. The TEM images show the columnar growth structure for as-deposited and CdCl2 treated CdTe layers. The TEM images also indicate an increase in grain’s diameter from ~50 to ~200 nm after CdCl2 treatment

Baseline factors predictive of serious suicidality at follow-up: findings focussing on age and gender from a community-based study

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/10/41Background: Although often providing more reliable and informative findings relative to other study designs, longitudinal investigations of prevalence and predictors of suicidal behaviour remain uncommon. This paper compares 12-month prevalence rates for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt at baseline and follow-up; identifies new cases and remissions; and assesses the capacity of baseline data to predict serious suicidality at follow-up, focusing on age and gender differences. Methods: 6,666 participants aged 20-29, 40-49 and 60-69 years were drawn from the first (1999-2001) and second (2003-2006) waves of a general population survey. Analyses involved multivariate logistic regression. Results: At follow-up, prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt had decreased (8.2%-6.1%, and 0.8%-0.5%, respectively). However, over one quarter of those reporting serious suicidality at baseline still experienced it four years later. Females aged 20-29 never married or diagnosed with a physical illness at follow-up were at greater risk of serious suicidality (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 3.11-5.23; OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.09-4.26, respectively). Males aged 40-49 not in the labour force had increased odds of serious suicidality (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.6-6.48) compared to their equivalently-aged and employed counterparts. Depressed/anxious females aged 60-69 were nearly 30% more likely to be seriously suicidal. Conclusions: There are age and gender differentials in the risk factors for suicidality. Life-circumstances contribute substantially to the onset of serious suicidality, in addition to symptoms of depression and anxiety. These findings are particularly pertinent to the development of effective population-based suicide prevention strategies.A Kate Fairweather-Schmidt, Kaarin J Anstey, Agus Salim and Bryan Rodger

Prevalence of Malaria Parasitemia and Purchase of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs) among Drug Shop Clients in Two Regions in Tanzania with ACT Subsidies.

Throughout Africa, many people seek care for malaria in private-sector drug shops where diagnostic testing is often unavailable. Recently, subsidized artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), a first-line medication for uncomplicated malaria, were made available in these drug shops in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence of malaria among and purchase of ACTs by drug shop clients in the setting of a national ACT subsidy program and sub-national drug shop accreditation program. A cross-sectional survey of drug shop clients was performed in two regions in Tanzania, one with a government drug shop accreditation program and one without, from March-May, 2012. Drug shops were randomly sampled from non-urban districts. Shop attendants were interviewed about their education, training, and accreditation status. Clients were interviewed about their symptoms and medication purchases, then underwent a limited physical examination and laboratory testing for malaria. Malaria prevalence and predictors of ACT purchase were assessed using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression. Amongst 777 clients from 73 drug shops, the prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria was 12% (95% CI: 6-18%). Less than a third of clients with malaria had purchased ACTs, and less than a quarter of clients who purchased ACTs tested positive for malaria. Clients were more likely to have purchased ACTs if the participant was <5 years old (aOR: 6.6; 95% CI: 3.9-11.0) or the shop attendant had >5 years, experience (aOR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2-6.3). Having malaria was only a predictor of ACT purchase in the region with a drug shop accreditation program (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.5-7.4).\ud Malaria is common amongst persons presenting to drug shops with a complaint of fever. The low proportion of persons with malaria purchasing ACTs, and the high proportion of ACTs going to persons without malaria demonstrates a need to better target who receives ACTs in these drug shops