Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Düzeyleri ile Girişimcilik Becerisinin Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Kazandırılmasına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri

DergiPark: 784710tredDünyada ekonomik kalkınma ve toplumsal dönüşümü gerçekleştirebilmek için insanların girişimcilik becerilerine sahip olması oldukça önemlidir. Bu anlamda bireylerin küçük yaşlardan itibaren girişimcilikle ilgili bilgi ve becerilerle donatılması gerekmektedir. İlk ve ortaokul programlarında yer alan sosyal bilgiler dersi, ekonomik, toplumsal, teknolojik pekçok konu ile ilişki içinde olup bireyin toplumsallaşmasına yardımcı olan bir derstir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile sosyal bilgiler dersinde girişimcilik becerisi kazandırılmasına ilişkin sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada karma yöntem tasarımlarından kısmen karma sıralı baskın statülü tasarım kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2017-2018 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 5. sınıf düzeyindeki 1050 ortaokul öğrencisi ve 17 sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri kişisel bilgi formu, ölçek ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ortaya konulurken aritmetik ortalama, değişkenler arasındaki farkı belirlemek için t testi ve varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile toplanan veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin girişimcilik düzeyleri ile sosyoekonomik düzey, kardeş sayısı, annenin eğitim durumu ve babanın eğitim durumu değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenleri sosyal bilgilerin girişimcilik becerisini kazandırmaya uygun bir ders olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonunda, uygulamaya ve araştırmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur

Development of Entrepreneurship Scale Towards Student Teachers: A validity and reliability studyÖğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

In recent years, the development of entrepreneurial characteristics of students has come to the fore at all educational levels. This situation began to reflect on the curriculum. Thus, to the extent that teachers have entrepreneurial characteristics may be important. Especially ıt can be said that science teachers who will conduct the science curriculum which is a combination of different disciplines, to what extent they must have these features. It is a matter to be examined. For this concrete measurement tools are needed. The aim of this study was to develop "Entrepreneurship Scale Toward Student Teachers". This process was firstly created to item pool. Content validity of items has been achieved by resorting to expert opinions. Application was carried out in 2013-2014 academic year. Sample consists of 730 science student teachers. To form the factor structure of the scale consists of five subscales was used the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis showed that factor loads is found that values between .51 and 79, item-total-correlations is found that values between .35 and .68. the smallest eigenvalues has been found 3.0 and the smallest Variance ratios has been found % 41. And then five factor of the scale was confirmed by CFA. As a result of DFA was verified by considering Chi-square, RMSEA, CFI, NNFI, RMR, NFI, AGFI, GFI and SRMR fit index. the smallest Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient is .77 and for test-retest reliability, the lowest correlation coefficient was found to be .66. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı “Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeği (ÖAYGÖ)”ni geliştirmektir. Bu süreçte ilk olarak madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Uzman görüşlerine sunulan maddelerin kapsam geçerliği sağlandıktan sonra ön çalışma ile olası hatalar ve eksiklikler giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Asıl uygulama, 2013-2014 eğitim öğretim yılında ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle ile seçilen beş üniversitenin fen bilgisi öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören 730 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Beş alt ölçekten oluşan ölçeğin faktör yapısını oluşturmak için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden (DFA) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; alt ölçeklere ilişkin faktör yük değerleri .51 ve .79, madde toplam korelasyonları .35 ve .68 aralığında değişmektedir. Alt ölçeklere ilişkin en küçük öz değer 3.00 olarak ve en küçük varyans oranı ise % 41 olarak bulunmuştur. Beş faktörlü yapı, DFA sonucunda Ki-kare, RMSEA, CFI, NNFI, RMR, NFI, AGFI, GFI ve SRMR uyum indeksleri dikkate alınarak doğrulanmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirliği Cronbach Alpha ve test-tekrar test tekniği ile sağlanmış olup, analizler sonucunda; en düşük Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .77, test-tekrar test tekniği için ise en düşük korelasyon katsayısı .66 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak risk alma, yenilikçi olma, kendine güven, fırsatları görme ve duygusal zeka alt ölçeklerinden oluşan ÖAYGÖ’nün geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu söylenebilir. Geliştirilen bu ölçek ile öğretmen adaylarının girişimcilik özellikleri incelenerek, bu özelliklerin geliştirilmesi için eylem planları hazırlanabilir

Analysis of antimicrobial consumption and cost in a teaching hospital

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the periods before and after the intervention applied using the ATC/DDD method in order to ascertain the rational use of antibiotics in a newly established hospital.MethodThe appropriateness of the hospital's antibiotic use, consumption rates and the costs were calculated and compared with other hospitals. Based on these data, an intervention has been planned in order to raise the quality of antibiotic use. The periods before and after the intervention were compared. Between 16 May 2011 and 23 May 2012, data were collected from all hospital units by the infectious diseases specialists and a point prevalence survey was conducted. Anatomical therapeutic chemical classification and the defined daily dose (DDD) methodology were used to calculate the antibiotic consumption.ResultsOn two specific days in 2011 and 2012, 194 out of 307 patients (63.2%) and 224 out of 412 patients (54.4%) received antibiotic treatment, respectively. In 2011 and 2012, the percentage of appropriate antibiotic use was 51% and 64.3%, respectively. Both in 2011 and 2012, inappropriate antibiotic use was found to be significantly higher in surgical clinics in comparison to the internal diseases clinics and the ICU. This was caused by the high rates of inappropriate perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis observed in surgical clinics. During both years, approximately one-third of the antibiotics were prescribed for the purposes of perioperative prophylaxis, while 88.5% and 43.7% of these, respectively, were inappropriate and unnecessary. Cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, combinations of penicillins (including β-lactamase inhibitors) and carbapenems were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics during the study periods. The mean total antibiotic consumption was 93.6 DDD/100 bed-days and 63.1 DDD/100 bed-days, respectively. The cost of total antibacterial consumption was € 7901.33 for all the patients (€ 40.72 per infected patient) and € 6500.26 (€ 29.01 per infected patient), respectively.ConclusionEach hospital should follow and assess their antibiotic use expressed in DDD in order to compare their antibiotic use with national and international hospitals (WHO, 2009 [14])

Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the external auditory canal: Report of an unusual case and literature review

We present a case of metastasis of the external auditory canal (EAC) from a primary breast carcinoma in a 53-year-old female with a review of the literature. The patient had been diagnosed with a primary carcinoma 4 years previously. The metastasis had developed recently in her left EAC and presented as a bulky, fleshy, bleeding mass. The mass was causing hearing loss on the left due to complete obstruction in the left EAC. The mass was incompletely removed with a surgical operation and histopathologically metastasis was proven. Although there are few case reports in the literature of various cancers metastasizing to the EAC, metastasis in the EAC from the breast carcinoma is exceedingly rare and only one case has been reported in the literature so far

Correction: The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

PubMe

The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis is a local inflammatory process that leads to a systemic inflammatory response in the majority of cases. Bacterial contamination has been estimated to occur in 30–40% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Development of pancreatic necrosis depends mainly on the degree of inflammation and on the microvascular circulation of the pancreatic tissue. Activated protein C (APC) is known to inhibit coagulation and inflammation, and to promote fibrinolysis in patients with severe sepsis. We investigated the effects of APC on histopathology, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Rats were randomly allocated to three groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced in group II (positive control; n = 15) and group III (treatment; n = 15) rats by retrograde injection of taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Group I rats (sham; n = 15) received an injection of normal saline into the common biliopancreatic duct to mimic a pressure effect. Group III rats were treated with intravenous APC 6 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissue and blood samples were obtained from all animals for histopathological examination and assessment of amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 levels in serum. Bacterial translocation to pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes was measured. RESULTS: Acute pancreatitis developed in all groups apart from group I (sham), as indicated by microscopic parenchymal necrosis, fat necrosis and abundant turbid peritoneal fluid. Histopathological pancreatitis scores in the APC-treated group were lower than in positive controls (10.31 ± 0.47 versus 14.00 ± 0.52; P < 0.001). Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and to pancreas in the APC-treated group was significantly decreased compared with controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.007, respectively). Serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor--α, and IL-6 levels were also significantly decreased in comparison with positive controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: APC improved the severity of pancreatic tissue histology, superinfection rates and serum markers of inflammation during the course of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Į gamtos mokslų mokymą integruotų verslumo ugdymo modulių poveikis būsimų gamtos mokslų mokytojų verslumo savybėms

In this research, it was aimed to investigate the effects of entrepreneurship education modules integrated with science education on entrepreneurship characteristics (risk taking, seeing the opportunities, being innovative, self-confidence, and emotional intelligence) of pre-service science teachers. The research was realized in 2013-2014 education years during a selective course with the participation of 26 third grade preservice science teachers in Turkey. The mixed design was adopted in the research. The qualitative dimension of the research was designed as phenomenological study while simple experimental method was preferred for the quantitative dimension. The data was obtained through “Entrepreneurship Scale” and semi-constructed interviews. The descriptive analysis was preferred in order to present the data obtained through interview while Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for the data obtained before and after experimental implementation. As a result of the research, it was seen that entrepreneurship education had statistically significant positive effect on risk taking, seeing the opportunities, being innovative, and emotional intelligence characteristics of preservice science teachers, at the same time it was determined through the qualitative methods that it has a positive effect. However there was any statistically significant difference in terms of self-confidence characteristics. According to this results, there can be suggested that entrepreneurship education should be placed in science teacher education and experimental researches should be conducted for other entrepreneurial characteristics. Entrepreneurial characteristics are thought to be acquired through entrepreneurship education and can potentially be acquired through similar education modules. In-service education courses, such as seminars, can be organized for the science teachers who are in service and have not had entrepreneurship education.Verslumo savybės yra vienos svarbiausių savybių, kurias gali įgyti studentai XXI amžiuje. Iki 2012 m. Turkijoje nebuvo jokių duomenų apie gamtos mokslų mokymo programų verslumo ugdymo metodų tyrimus pirminėje švietimo pakopoje. Tačiau pastaraisiais metais verslumo ugdymo srityje mūsų šalyje ir kitose šalyse (pvz., Suomijoje, Malaizijoje, Nigerijoje) buvo imtasi konkrečių žingsnių. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo ištirti į gamtos mokslų mokymą integruotų verslumo ugdymo modulių poveikį būsimų gamtos mokslų mokytojų verslumo savybėms (polinkiui prisiimti riziką, gebėjimui įžvelgti galimybes, inovatyvumui, pasitikėjimui savimi ir emociniam intelektui). Tyrimas buvo vykdomas 2013–2014 mokslo metais pasirinkto kurso metu, jame dalyvavo 26 būsimi gamtos mokslų mokytojai, studijuojantys trečiame kurse Turkijoje. Tyrimui buvo pritaikytas mišraus modelio metodas. Kokybinė tyrimo dimensija apėmė fenomenologinę analizę, o kiekybinėje dimensijoje buvo pritaikytas paprastas eksperimentinis metodas. Duomenys buvo gauti naudojant „verslumo skalę“ ir atliekant pusiau struktūruotus interviu. Interviu būdu gauti duomenys pateikiami naudojant aprašomąją analizę. Tuo tarpu prieš ir po eksperimentinio tyrimo gautiems duomenims buvo pritaikytas Vilkoksono ženklų kriterijus (angl. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad verslumo ugdymas turėjo statistiškai reikšmingą teigiamą poveikį būsimų gamtos mokslų mokytojų polinkiui prisiimti riziką, gebėjimui įžvelgti galimybes, inovatyvumui ir emociniam intelektui. Tuo pačiu kokybiniais metodais buvo nustatyta, kad toks ugdymas yra teigiamai vertinamas. Tačiau nebuvo jokio reikšmingo pasitikėjimo savimi savybių pokyčio. Remiantis šio tyrimo rezultatais, verslumo ugdymą galima būtų pateikti būsimiems gamtos mokslų mokytojams bent jau kaip pasirenkamąjį kursą. Manoma, kad verslumo ugdymas padeda įgauti verslumo savybių, tad jų įgauti galimai padeda ir atitinkami kursai. Esamiems gamtos mokslų mokytojams, kurie jau dirba mokytojais ir neturėjo verslumo ugdymo, galima organizuoti dirbančiųjų ugdymo kursus, pvz., seminarus