Why are Gly31, Gly33 and Gly35 highly conserved in all fluorescent proteins?

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has grown in popularity and new applications are currently being developed. There are certain residues that are highly conserved through all the naturally occurring fluorescent proteins variants, and some of their functionality is yet to be determined. This is the case for three glycines that appear in a GXGXGX motif in the second β-sheet at positions 31, 33, and 35 with conservations of 100%, 87% and 95%, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations and other computational analyses of G31A, G33A, and G35A mutants, derived from pre-cyclized wild-type GFP, determined with confidence that these glycines are not involved in the chromophore formation. It is now suspected that these glycines contribute to the folding pathways of the β-barrel, due to their innate flexibility and small size. Key distances within the structures were measured such as the hydrogen bond network of the ɑ-helix and tight turn to possibly determine the glycines functionality. Quantification of water channels within the protein was completed for all the mutants in order to determine the water migration pathways within the β-barrel. It was determined that the number of overall channels increased, but those with the directionality towards the ɑ-helical region decreased. Other mutants of the precyclized wild-type GFP included G35V, F71L, F71Y, and G35V/F71L. These mutations were aimed to explore the steric effects and aromatic rescue interactions between the glycines and their neighbouring strands (β1-3). It was determined that there was an increase in the distances within the H-bond network of these mutants, decreasing the rigidity of the β-barrel. The biggest increase was seen in G35V/F71L, due to steric effects, and F71Y, possibly due to steric effects and the charge character that was added

Study of the Influence of Helical Milling Parameters on the Quality of Holes in the UNS R56400 Alloy

Helical milling has been positioned as an alternative to conventional drilling, where the advantages it offers make it very attractive for use on difficult-to-machine alloys such as the titanium alloy UNS R56400. However, the correlation between the indicator of hole quality and the kinematic parameters has rarely been studied. The kinematics are what bring most advantages and that is why it is necessary to know their influence. In this aspect, there are different focuses of problems associated with the complexity of the process kinematics, which makes it necessary to undertake a deeper analysis of the process and to carry out a preliminary study. To address this problem, a DOE (Design of Experiments) is proposed to identify the sensitivity and the main trends of the properties that define the quality holes with respect to the kinematic parameters. At the same time, a nomenclature is proposed to unify and avoid misinterpretations. This study has allowed us to obtain conclusive results that offer very relevant information for future researc

The Problem of Lighting in Underground Domes, Vaults, and Tunnel-Like Structures of Antiquity; An Application to the Sustainability of Prominent Asian Heritage (India, Korea, China)

Lighting in heritage is complex because of the forms intervening in it. The historical evolution of cultures has not been analytical and therefore, the shapes involved di er greatly from the cuboids typically found in 21st century architecture. As a vector, light inevitably attaches to surface sources. In this research, we focused on 3D curved geometries. Following a di erent trail to radiative transfer by virtue of detailed knowledge of the spatiality of volumes, we present new expressions, previously undefined in the literature, that are derived from a combination of surfaces that we have found in many archaeological sites around Asia. In the discussion, we start from the particularities of spherical surfaces where a normal vector has to pass through the center. By means of easy calculations, we deducted innovative laws. These in turn, allowed us to formulate several new expressions for configuration factors based on the adroit use of spherical fragments. The method easily extends to organic shapes that are often contained in the sustainable architecture of the past. The method finishes with suitable algorithms to assess the reflections in such curved forms. Finally, we implemented the results in our creative software. In this way, we enhanced the sustainable paradigms for heritage structures in Asia that we present as a conclusion of the article

Evaluación de parkinson iatrogénico en pacientes polimedicados

La esperanza de vida del ser humano ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Una de las principales causas es la mayor disponibilidad de medicamentos que han hecho disminuir el número de muertes prematuras. Sin embargo, se ha producido un aumento de la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas y, por tanto, un aumento de la polimedicación, afectando principalmente a la población anciana. Uno de los grandes problemas que esto acarrea son los resultados negativos de la medicación (RNM), que provocan riesgos en la salud de los pacientes. Un ejemplo de RNM es el Parkinson Iatrogénico (PI), un síndrome que se da actualmente en la población adulta-anciana, mayoritariamente. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal evaluar la presencia de PI en pacientes polimedicados debido al uso de fármacos con riesgo potencial de provocar dicho síndrome. Secundariamente, se evaluó la adecuación del tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes mayores de 65 años aplicando los criterios STOPP-START. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una oficina de farmacia comunitaria, localizada en Guadalema de los Quintero, en la cual se realizó un cuestionario a los pacientes de la medicación que actualmente tenían prescrita, previamente seleccionados mediante cribado. La muestra la constituyen un total de 15 hombres (41%) y 22 mujeres (59%), con edad media global de 63 años (41-86 años). De los 37 pacientes, 9, todas mujeres, presentan los cuatro síntomas característicos de PI. Por otro lado, los ancianos incluidos en este estudio reciben una prescripción potencialmente inadecuada (PPI) según los criterios STOPP/START. Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de implantar medidas mediante las cuales los médicos estén informados del efecto potencial de PI de estos fármacos, así como la utilización de sistemas para la detección de PPI, para así evitar riesgos que comprometan la salud del pacienteUniversidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmaci

Conceptos de utopía y distopía en Black Mirror: comparación del contexto con la Primavera Árabe

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar un análisis de los conceptos de utopía y distopía en la primera temporada de la serie Black Mirror; encontrando, a priori, matices relacionados con nuestra sociedad. Cómo la ciencia ficción puede mostrar aspectos reales de nuestro mundo, llevado siempre al límite y desde un punto de vista dramático. Además el análisis es relacionado con un suceso real, como fue la Primavera Árabe, una pequeña relación para ofrecer al lector una justificación entre ambos ejemplos, realidad y ciencia ficción, pudiendo tener intertextualidades de la serie que nos hagan comprender acontecimientos cometidos en la misma década que el lanzamiento de la serie.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública