Comparison of cardiac arrhythmia prevalence in smoking and non smoking myocardial infarction patients admitted in Hajar University hospital, Shahrekord, 2006

Background and aim: Smoking is one of the main reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease. Incidence of arrhythmia induced by myocardial infarction is the most important reason for death in these patients. Mortality rate in smoking myocardial infarction patients is grater than non smoking patients, but the aim of this study was to compare the incidence of arrhythmias between smoking and non smoking myocardial infarction patients. Methods: In this case and control descriptive analytic study, 200 myocardial infarction patients (100 smoking & 100 non-smoking patients) who were referred to cardiac care unite in Hajar university hospital were selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, filing the form of physiological variables, laboratory findings and finally types of arrhythmias and myocardial infarctions. Data were analyzed by the independent-t test and the Fishers exact test. Results: The average age in smoking patients was 54.23±8.12 and it was 55.23±8.11 in non-smoking patients. Type of myocardial infarctions in 70.5% of the cases was anterior myocardial infarction and the rest was inferior myocardial infarction. Our study showed that the type of arrhythmia in smoking group was different than non-smoking group. Sinus tachycardia, Atrial Flutter, preventricular heart beat, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were higher in smoking group compared to the non-smoking group (P<0.05) Conclusion: According to this study, the incidence of arrhythmia in smoking patients with myocardial infarction is greater than non-smoking patients. Therefore, more attention should be focused on smoking patients with myocardial infarction for arrhythmia

Designing and Psychometric Assessment of the Questionnaire for Artificial Airway Patients’ Satisfaction with Nurse's Non-verbal Communication during Nursing Cares

Background & Aim: Verbal communication disorder is one of the most important problems of mechanically ventilated patients which can lead to anxiety and decrease satisfaction. The purpose of this study is designing and psychometric assessment of the questionnaire for artificial airway patients’ satisfaction with nurses nonverbal communication during nursing cares. Materials & Methods: This is a methodological study which was performed using Waltz 2010 method in 4 steps, namely conceptual model definition, determination of goals and tools design, compiling initial plan, and determining reliability and validity in 2016. The study population includes all patients with artificial airway in 3 hospitals under the supervision of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Totally, 240 patients were selected for the study, using convenience sampling. The questionnaire validity was evaluated using face, construct, and content validities. Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were used to evaluate the external and internal reliabilities. SPSS Software V.19 was used for data analysis. Results: The initial version of questionnaire was designed with 27 items. After face and content validation process, the second version was designed in 24 items. The maximum score for all items was 1.5. The values of CVI and CVR were obtained at 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. For construct validity, the items were reduced to 12, based on explanatory factor analysis. The final questionnaire was obtained in 3 satisfaction dimensions namely providing physiologic, social, and emotional-psychological needs with predictive power of 47.706. The Cronbach's alpha value was calculated at 0.67. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated at 0.67, which suggests the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Considering the limitation of data availability for evaluating the satisfaction of artificial airway patients with nursing communication, the questionnaire can be an efficient tool for detecting the patient-nurse communicational challenges and patients’ needs in different areas as well as improving care services quality

Identification of Nursing Management Planning Standards in Iran‏

BACKGROUND: In recent century, planning is one of the most important care skills for health service development. Nurses should be ready scientifically for managing situations in order to develop and perform appropriate models for patient care. It is necessary for manager to know about the process and standards of planning and how to apply them in real conditions. With regard to importance of health care planning and lack of nursing management planning accreditation in Iran. METHODS: This triangulating research was carried out between 2004 and 2006. Fifty professional nursing managers in different level of Iran medical universities and central hospitals, having experience in nursing management at least for five years, and an MS or BS degree in nursing management, were included in a study through purposed sampling. At first, a pilot study with an open questionnaire was conducted in Isfahan and Shiraz and then the study went on in 3 phases including searching for international standards in method by 15 professional nursing manager after consensus on 70% and sending the final was used for data analysis. At last standards for nursing management planning were obtained in Iran. RESULTS: 48 standards of nursing management planning were obtained. The findings showed that most of the standards were accepted (90%) and there were not any standards with agreement lower than 70%. These standards, accompanied with the standards of other nursing units, can be used for quality improvement. The researcher suggests the ministry of health to use these findings and other related ones to accredit the nursing system and to identify its deficiencies

The effect of an exercise program on the health-quality of life in older adults

INTRODUCTION: An essential public health goal is to reduce age-related disabilities in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise program on health-quality of life (HQL) in older adults. METHODS: Subjects were sixty healthy adult volunteers over the age of �� years. None of the subjects had any experience in exercise programs but were physically active and able to perform activities of daily living independently. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of two groups each with �� people: test (exercise) group and control (no exercise) group. The test group was taken into a � - week aerobic exercise program. The exercises included a �- �� minute circulatory warm-up, a �� minute walking and a �-�� minute stretching/cool-down period. The exercises were performed three times per week under supervision of an experienced instructor. No exercise program was prescribed for the control group. Both groups were assessed before and after the exercise program. The LEIPAD questionnaire was used to measure HQL. RESULTS: The results showed significant improvements in all domains of the LEIPAD questionnaire whilst the level of HQL did not change and none of the scores obtained by the LEIPAD was significant. Measures of HQL improved with exercise so that there were no HQL changes in the control but significant changes were observed in the exercise group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an exercise program has resulted in a signific

Synthesis of benzimidazoxanthenoisoquinolinones, new intermediates and dyes for synthetic-polymer fibres

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Association of TIM-1 5383-5397ins/del and TIM-3-1541C > T polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan population

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in central nervous system, affecting about 2.5 million people around the world. Probable involvement of two newly identified immunoregulator molecules, TIM-1 and TIM-3, has been reported in autoimmune diseases. In this study, for the first time, the association of TIM-1 5383-5397ins/del and TIM-3 -1541C>T polymorphisms with MS in an Iranian population was considered. The results of our study showed that there is no significant association between TIM-1 5383-5397ins/del and MS (P = 0.38); however, the frequency of CT genotype of TIM-3 -1541C>T in patient group was significantly higher than the control group, and there was a significant association between CT genotype and MS (P = 0.009, OR = 4.08)

Rearing of Indian craps fries to 1g weight in earthen ponds

30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan) and Sheiban Resaerch center (Khozestan), In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also. The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories. fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings.Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specialy in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for futhre studies

Lack of Genetic Association between Interleukin-18 Gene Polymorphism (rs1946518) and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interleukin 18 is a member of the cytokines that play an important role in the Th1-mediated immune response by inducing interferon-gamma activity in collaboration with Interleukin-12 (IL-18). Interleukin 12 and Interleukin 18 can play an important role in purifying viruses. Considering the importance of IL-18, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Interleukin-18 Gene polymorphism (-607 C/A: rs1946518) and the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection. METHODS: In this case-control study, the genomic DNA of 115 patients with chronic hepatitis B (with positive results of HBsAg and Anti-HBcAb serology testing) and 115 non-HBV-infected controls (negative results of HBsAg and Anti-HbcAb serology testing and no history of liver disease) was extracted by salting-out method and the genotype of single-nucleotide polymorphism (-607 C / A: rs1946518) was sequenced using PCR-RFLP method. FINDING: The genotype frequency of TT, GT, and GG in patients was 40%, 49.6%, and 10.4% in patients, and 41.7%, 42.6%, and 15.7% in the control group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the patients group and the control group. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, there was no clear relationship between IL-18 polymorphism and the potential for chronic hepatitis B infection. Therefore, this polymorphism cannot be a potential factor for chronic hepatitis B

An economical survey on polyculture of Indian and Chinese carps and its market

Regarding the natural potential and socio-economic advantages of aquaculture development, extension of aquaculture has been raised as one of the priorities of the second to fifth national programs of the Islamic Republic of Ira in the fisheries sector in the past ten years. Proliferation and aquaculture development also plays an important role in increasing employment, exportation, and rural development in rural areas. Although the physical capacities of aquaculture development may be clear, it is necessary to analyze the profitability of farmers and fish market as well. In recent years, reproduction and breeding of new species, in order to increase the income of farmers, have been put on the agenda of the Fisheries Research Institute. In order to increase the maximum utilization of production capacity and increase the warm water pond valume per unit area of land, three species of Indian carp has been imported. The main problems of aquaculture economical research include inadequate information and lack of the collaboration between different experts and aquaculture farmers. The objective of the research was to survey of economical aspects for culturing the imported Indian carp. The fingerlings of the imported species were transferred to the target centers, Southern aquaculture Research institute and Inland waters Aquaculture Research institute. The experiment was carried out as three treatments in triplicates for 9 months. To determine the cost of production and the share of the cost of production factors for farmed fish carp, including the cost of labor, cost of fingerlings, feed and fertilizer costs, maintenance costs, energy costs, depreciation of structures, equipment and buildings for administrative and other costs; past experiences, information and other resources and external experiences questionnaire was employed