Ветеринарно-санітарна оцінка ковбаси вареної вищого сорту “Лікарська”

Today in Ukraine the part of the sausage production segment is about 30 % of all ready meat products. The boiled sausages play the main role among them. About 65 % of general assortment belongs to them among consumers. Safety and quality assurance of sausage is impossible without the conformity of requirements and recipes. The SSTU 4436:2005 “Boiled sausages, sausages, meat breads. General specifications” regulates them in Ukraine. However, today is observed the significant growth of sausages assortment, which are produced by recipes of producers. It allows them to use in production different nutritional supplements, replacement of raw materials, etc. Recent publications of experts shows that about 80 % of food products are falsified. The most common is assortment falsification. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyze the conformity of quality and safety parameters of high-class boiled sausage “Likarska” from the different producers to the SSTU 4436:2005 “Boiled sausages, sausages, meat breads. General specifications”. The materials of our study were the samples of high-class boiled sausage “Likarska” from the several domestic producers: LLC “Alan” (Dnipro), JV “Vekka” LLC (Odessa region, Lyman district, Blagodatne), LLC “Globino Meat Factory” (Poltava region, Globin district, Globino), LLC “Khodoriv Meat Factory” (Lviv region, Zhydachiv district, Khodoriv). The samples were selected by the control purchase in Odessa trading network (“METRO”, “Silpo”, “FOZZY”) and in Lviv trading network (“Vopak”, “МЕТРО”, “Silpo”). As a result 20 samples were selected and investigated in general. The studies were conducted during 2019–2020 on the basis of Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biotecnologies of Odessa State Agrarian University) and on the basis of the laboratory of Department of Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection (Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Lviv). We selected the samples, carried out sanitary assessments of sausages, determined the microbiological parameters in accordance with applicable regulations. We determined the physico-chemical parameters using the device FoodScan, radionuclides content – by β-γ-spermometry and the general toxicity – using the express method with the infusorium Colpoda steinii. According to the results of analysis of labeling we found out that the packaging (label) of all producers which were studied contains the basic production and consumer information. The analysis of the organoleptical, microbiological indicators and the radionuclides content of samples which were studied established their compliance with the requirement of SSTU 4436:2005. The total toxicity of sausages also wasn’t established. At the same time the analysis of physico-chemical parameters revealed non-compliance with SSTU 4436:2005 requirements by the mass fraction of protein in sausage “Likarska”, which was produced by JV “Vekka” LLC (10.95 ± 0.01 %) and LLC “Globino Meat Factory” (10.68 ± 0.02 %).Сьогодні в Україні частка сегменту виробництва ковбас становить близько 30 % в обсязі готової м’ясної продукції, а серед них провідну роль займають варені ковбаси, на споживання яких припадає до 65 % від загального асортименту. Забезпечення якості та безпеки ковбас, неможливе без дотримання вимог і рецептур, які в Україні регламентує ДСТУ 4436:2005 “Ковбаси варені, сосиски, сардельки, хліби м’ясні. Загальні технічні умови”. Проте сьогодні спостерігається суттєвий ріст асортименту ковбас, вироблених за рецептурами, розробленими безпосередньо виробниками, що дозволяє їм використовувати при виробництві різноманітні харчові добавки, заміну сировини тощо. Останні публікації фахівців свідчать, що близько 80 % харчової продукції фальсифіковано і найпоширенішою є асортиментна фальсифікація. Тому метою нашого дослідження було проаналізувати відповідність показників якості та безпечності вареної ковбаси вищого сорту “Лікарська” різних виробників ДСТУ 4436:2005 “Ковбаси варені, сосиски, сардельки, хліби м’ясні. Загальні технічні умови”. Матеріалом наших досліджень були зразки вареної ковбаси вищого сорту “Лікарська” декількох вітчизняних виробників: ТОВ “Алан” (м. Дніпро), СП “Векка” ТОВ (Одеська область, Лиманський район, с. Благодатне), ТОВ “Глобинський м’ясокомбінат” (Полтавська область, Глобинський район, м. Глобине), ТзОВ “Ходорівський м’ясокомбінат” (Львівська область, Жидачівський район, м. Ходорів). Зразки відібрали шляхом контрольної закупки у торгівельній мережі міст Одеси (“МЕТРО”, “Сільпо”, “FOZZY”) та Львова (“Вопак”, “МЕТРО”, “Сільпо”). Всього було відібрано і досліджено 20 зразків. Дослідження проводились впродовж 2019–2020 рр. на базі багатопрофільної лабораторії факультету ветеринарної медицини та біотехнологій Одеського державного аграрного університету і лабораторії кафедри ветеринарно-санітарного інспектування Львівського університету ветеринарної медицини та біотехнологій імені С. З. Ґжицького. Відбір проб і сенсорну оцінку ковбас, визначення мікробіологічних показників проводили згідно з чинною нормативною документацією, визначення фізико-хімічних показників – за допомогою приладу FoodScan, вміст радіонуклідів – методом β-γ-спертрометрії; загальну токсичність – експрес-методом з використанням інфузорії Colpoda steinii. За результатами аналізу маркування встановлено, що пакування (етикетка) всіх досліджених виробників містить основну виробничу і споживчу інформацію. Аналіз органолептичних і мікробіологічних показників та вмісту радіонуклідів досліджених зразків встановив їхню відповідність вимогам ДСТУ 4436:2005. Загальної токсичності ковбас також не виявлено. Натомість аналіз фізико-хімічних показників виявив невідповідність вимогам ДСТУ 4436:2005 за вмістом масової частки білка ковбаси “Лікарська” виробництва СП “Векка” ТОВ (10.95 ± 0.01 %) і ТОВ “Глобинський м’ясокомбінат” (10.68 ± 0.02 %)

Instruments Measuring Self-Care in Children and Young Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

: Children and young adults (CYAs) with chronic conditions need to engage in self-care to improve their quality of life. This study aimed to retrieve the literature on instruments to assess self-care in CYAs living with chronic conditions and evaluate the psychometric proprieties of the instruments retrieved. A systematic literature review was conducted on six databases to identify peer-reviewed papers that described or used an evaluation instrument of self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions. Twenty-three articles describing 11 instruments of self-care were identified. Five instruments (45.45%) were developed for specific diseases, while six (54.54%) for various chronic illnesses. Most of the instruments were focused on treatment adherence within self-care maintenance (i.e., behaviors to maintain illness stability), excluding the monitoring of clinical parameters or the management of exacerbations. This review provides an overview of available instruments that measure self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions, which health professionals could use for patient education

Synthesis of CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites using a novel single-molecule precursors approach

The synthesis of CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites using the thermolysis of several dithioor diselenocarbamato complexes of cadmium in trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) is reported. The nanodispersed materials obtained show quantum size effects in their optical spectra and exhibit near band-edge luminescence. The influence of experimental parameters on the properties of the nanocrystallites is discussed. HRTEM images of these materials show well-defined, crystalline nanosized particles. Standard size fractionation procedures can be performed in order to narrow the size dispersion of the samples. The TOPO-capped CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites and simple organic bridging ligands, such as 2,2¢-bipyrimidine, are used as the starting materials for the preparation of novel nanocomposites. The optical properties shown by these new nanocomposites are compared with those of the starting nanodispersed materials

Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of adult tuberculosis in an urban setting with high HIV prevalence in Sierra Leone: A retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and predictors of mortality in adult tuberculosis (TB) patients in an urban setting with a high HIV prevalence. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of adult TB patients aged >/=15 years who were treated at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone from January through December 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS: Of 1127 TB cases notified in 2017, 1105 (98%) were tested for HIV, yielding a TB/HIV co-infection rate of 32.0%. Only HIV-tested cases (n=1105) were included in the final analysis. The majority were male (69.3%), aged 25-34 years (29.2%), and had pulmonary TB (96.3%). Treatment outcomes were as follows: 29.0% cured, 29.0% completed, 0.5% treatment failure, 24.2% lost to follow-up, 12.8% transferred/not evaluated, and 4.5% died. The majority of deaths (80.0%, 40/50) occurred within 2 months of TB treatment initiation. Age 65 years or older (adjusted odds ratio 3.48, 95% confidence interval 1.15-10.56; p=0.027) and HIV-positive status (adjusted odds ratio 3.50, 95% confidence interval 1.72-7.12; p=0.001) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal TB treatment outcomes were observed in Sierra Leone in 2017. More local and international action is warranted to help achieve the 2035 global TB elimination targets

Possibilities to improve soil physical properties in garlic cultivation with cover crops as living mulches

[EN] The cultivation system with cover crops as living mulches is growing in importance in the worldwide agriculture as it combines an economical effect with pro-ecological and soil protecting activities. The plant species tested in the research were not frost resistant: buckwheat, millet, white mustard and berseem clover. A control were the plots without cover crops. The intercrops were sown in the first decade of August, in autumn a grown biomass was a living mulch, and after being damaged by frost in spring, the mulch was covering ground surface. Winter garlic bulbs were planted in grown biomass of cover plants, in the first decade of September. In the first decade of November and in the first decade of April, the selected soil parameters were determined in the soil layer of 0¿10 cm: actual soil moisture (%), soil bulk density (Mg · m¿3), total porosity (%) and water stability of soil aggregates (%). The harvest of garlic was conducted in the first decade of July. Cover crops mulches had an influence on soil physical properties. In spring, the soil from plots with cover crops mulching characterized with the highest moisture, higher total porosity and soil aggregates stability as well as lower soil bulk density. In comparison to the control cultivation of winter garlic, without cover crops, the effect of plants used for mulching on marketable yield was not observed. Garlic plants intercropped with the white mustard mulch formed leaves and bulbs of higher weight in comparison to cultivation without cover crops.Research was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as part of the statutory activities of the Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin.Salata, A.; Moreno-Ramón, H.; Ibañez Asensio, S.; Buczkowska, H.; Nurzynska-Wierdak, R.; Witorozec, A.; Parzymies, M. (2017). Possibilities to improve soil physical properties in garlic cultivation with cover crops as living mulches. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 16(6):157-166. https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2017.6.14S15716616

Colistin Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Laboratory Detection and Impact on Mortality

Background: Polymyxins including colistin are an important "last-line" treatment for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp). Increasing use of colistin has led to resistance to this cationic antimicrobial peptide. Methods: A cohort nested within the Consortium on Resistance against Carbapenems in Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRACKLE) was constructed of patients with infection, or colonization with CRKp isolates tested for colistin susceptibility during the study period of December, 2011 to October, 2014. Reference colistin resistance determination as performed by broth macrodilution was compared to results from clinical microbiology laboratories (Etest) and to polymyxin resistance testing. Each patient was included once, at the time of their first colistin-tested CRKp positive culture. Time to 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results: In 246 patients with CRKp, 13% possessed ColR CRKp. ColR was underestimated by Etest (very major error rate = 35%, major error rate = 0.4%). A variety of rep-PCR strain types were encountered in both the ColS and the ColR groups. Carbapenem resistance was mediated primarily by blaKPC-2 (46%) and blaKPC-3 (50%). ColR was associated with increased hazard for in-hospital mortality (aHR 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-6.57; P < .001). The plasmid-associated ColR genes, mcr-1 and mcr-2 were not detected in any of the ColR CRKp. Conclusions: In this cohort, 13% of patients with CRKp presented with ColR CRKp. The apparent polyclonal nature of the isolates suggests de novo emergence of ColR in this cohort as the primary factor driving ColR. Importantly, mortality was increased in patients with ColR isolates