6 research outputs found
Eating competence of elderly Spanish adults is associated with a healthy diet and a favorable cardiovascular disease risk profile
Eating competence (EC), a bio-psychosocial model for intrapersonal approaches to eating and food-related behaviors, is associated with less weight dissatisfaction, lower BMI, and increased HDL-cholesterol in small U.S. studies, but its relationship to nutrient quality and overall cardiovascular risk have not been examined. Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) is a 5-y controlled clinical trial evaluating Mediterranean diet efficacy on the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Spain. In a cross-sectional study, 638 PREDIMED participants (62% women, mean age 67 y) well phenotyped for cardiovascular risk factors were assessed for food intake and EC using validated questionnaires. Overall, 45.6% were eating-competent. EC was associated with being male and energy intake (P 5.6 mmol/L (0.71; 95% CI 0.51-0.98) and HDL-cholesterol or =3.4 mmol/L were 0.1). Our findings support further examination of EC as a strategy for enhancing diet quality and CVD prevention
Circulating nerve growth factor levels in relation to obesity and the metabolic syndrome in women
Metabolomic Pattern Analysis after Mediterranean Diet Intervention in a Nondiabetic Population: A 1- and 3‑Year Follow-up in the PREDIMED Study
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered
a dietary pattern with
beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to assess
the effect of an MD on urinary metabolome by comparing subjects at
1 and 3 years of follow-up, after an MD supplemented with either extra-virgin
olive oil (MD + EVOO) or nuts (MD + Nuts), to those on advice to follow
a control low-fat diet (LFD). Ninety-eight nondiabetic volunteers
were evaluated, using metabolomic approaches, corresponding to MD
+ EVOO (<i>n</i> = 41), MD + Nuts (<i>n</i> =
27), or LFD (<i>n</i> = 30) groups. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR
urinary profiles were examined at baseline and after 1 and 3 years
of follow-up. Multivariate data analysis (OSC-PLS-DA and HCA) methods
were used to identify the potential biomarker discriminating groups,
exhibiting a urinary metabolome separation between MD groups against
baseline and LFD. Results revealed that the most prominent hallmarks
concerning MD groups were related to the metabolism of carbohydrates
(3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, and <i>cis</i>-aconitate),
creatine, creatinine, amino acids (proline, <i>N</i>-acetylglutamine,
glycine, branched-chain amino acids, and derived metabolites), lipids
(oleic and suberic acids), and microbial cometabolites (phenylacetylglutamine
and <i>p</i>-cresol). Otherwise, hippurate, trimethylamine-<i>N</i>-oxide, histidine and derivates (methylhistidines, carnosine,
and anserine), and xanthosine were predominant after LFD. The application
of NMR-based metabolomics enabled the classification of individuals
regarding their dietary pattern and highlights the potential of this
approach for evaluating changes in the urinary metabolome at different
time points of follow-up in response to specific dietary interventions
Novel Multimetabolite Prediction of Walnut Consumption by a Urinary Biomarker Model in a Free-Living Population: the PREDIMED Study
The
beneficial impact of walnuts on human health has been attributed
to their unique chemical composition. In order to characterize the
dietary walnut fingerprinting, spot urine samples from two sets of
195 (training) and 186 (validation) individuals were analyzed by an
HPLC-q-ToF-MS untargeted metabolomics approach, selecting the most
discriminating metabolites by multivariate data analysis (VIP ≥
1.5). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to design a multimetabolite
prediction biomarker model. The global performance of the model and
each included metabolite in it was evaluated by receiver operating
characteristic curves, using the area under the curve (AUC) values.
Dietary exposure to walnuts was characterized by 18 metabolites, including
markers of fatty acid metabolism, ellagitannin-derived microbial compounds,
and intermediate metabolites of the tryptophan/serotonin pathway.
The predictive model of walnut exposure included at least one compound
of each class. The AUC (95% CI) for the combined biomarker model was
93.4% (90.1–96.8%) in the training set and 90.2% (85.9–94.6%)
in the validation set. The AUCs for individual metabolites were ≤85%.
As far as we know, this is the first study proposing a combination
of biomarkers of walnut exposure in a population under free-living
conditions, as considered in epidemiological studies examining associations
between diet and health outcomes
Urolithins Are the Main Urinary Microbial-Derived Phenolic Metabolites Discriminating a Moderate Consumption of Nuts in Free-Living Subjects with Diagnosed Metabolic Syndrome
Walnuts (Juglans regia L.), hazelnuts
(Corylus avellana L.), and almonds
(Prunus dulcis Mill.) are rich sources
of ellagitannins and proanthocyanidins. Gut microbiota plays a crucial
role in modulating the bioavailability of these high molecular weight
polyphenols. However, to date there are no studies evaluating the
capacity to produce nut phenolic metabolites in subjects with metabolic
syndrome (MetS), a pathology associated with an altered gut bacterial
diversity. This study applied a LC-MS targeted approach to analyze
the urinary excretion of nut phenolic metabolites in MetS subjects
following 12 weeks of nut consumption, compared to sex- and age-matched
individuals given a nut-free control diet. Metabolites were targeted
in both hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed urine by LC-PDA-QqQ-MS/MS analysis,
and identification of metabolites lacking available standards was
confirmed by LC-ESI-ITD-FT-MS. Ellagitannin-derived urolithins A and
B significantly increased after the nut-enriched-diet, urolithins
C and D were also detected, and a complex combination of urolithin-conjugated
forms was observed in nonhydrolyzed urine, confirming an extensive
phase II metabolism after absorption. In contrast, no significant
increases in proanthocyanidin microbial metabolites were observed
in urine following nut consumption. Because the intestinal microbiota
of the subjects in this study could catabolize ellagitannins into
a wide range of urolithins, further research is strongly warranted
on the in vivo potential of these microbial metabolites in reducing
cardiometabolic risk