987 research outputs found
Running couplings from adiabatic regularization
We extend the adiabatic regularization method by introducing an arbitrary
mass scale in the construction of the subtraction terms. This allows us
to obtain, in a very robust way, the running of the coupling constants by
demanding -invariance of the effective semiclassical (Maxwell-Einstein)
equations. In particular, we get the running of the electric charge of
perturbative quantum electrodynamics. Furthermore, the method brings about a
renormalization of the cosmological constant and the Newtonian gravitational
constant. The running obtained for these dimensionful coupling constants has
new relevant (non-logarithmic) contributions, not predicted by dimensional
regularization.Comment: Revised version. Some points clarified. New references added. 6
pages. To appear in Phys. Lett.
Evaluation of Organic Substrates and Microorganisms as Bio-Fertilisation Tool in Container Crop Production
Microorganisms are only effective when adequate conditions for their survival and development are provided. Among the factors that influence its effectiveness includes the type of soil or culture substrate, which works as an energy source reserve. Therefore, a tomato and a melon crop were established in different cycles to assess the effect of the physicochemical properties of organic substrates based on coconut fibre and vermicompost in three proportions, 0:100, 40:60 and 60:40 (% v:v), on the microbial activity in the rhizosphere when the bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia were applied. Concentrations of NO3−, H2PO4−, K+ and Ca2+ in the petiole cellular extract (PCE) were quantified at 60, 90 and 120 days after transplantation (DAT) for tomato and 45 and 65 DAT for melon. We analysed dehydrogenase activity (DHA), acid phosphatase activity (FTA) and β-glucosidase activity (β-GLU). In order to maintain optimal volumetric moisture for the survival of microorganisms, automatic control was used to manage the irrigation frequency between 22%–28%. The results showed that physicochemical substrate properties, by incorporating 40% vermicompost into the coconut fibre mixture, increased enzymatic activity. Plants that were inoculated with Azotobacter vinelandii and Frateuria aurantia showed an improvement in NO3− and K+ assimilation achieving highest yields
Gravity and handedness of photons
Vacuum fluctuations of quantum fields are altered in presence of a strong
gravitational background, with important physical consequences. We argue that a
non-trivial spacetime geometry can act as an optically active medium for
quantum electromagnetic radiation, in such a way that the state of polarization
of radiation changes in time, even in the absence of electromagnetic sources.
This is a quantum effect, and is a consequence of an anomaly related to the
classical invariance under electric-magnetic duality rotations in Maxwell
theory.Comment: First Award in the 2017 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research
Foundatio
Classical and quantum aspects of electric-magnetic duality rotations in curved spacetimes
It is well known that the source-free Maxwell equations are invariant under
electric-magnetic duality rotations, F --> F cos {\theta} + *F sin {\theta}.
These transformations are indeed a symmetry of the theory in Noether sense. The
associated constant of motion is the difference in the intensity between self-
and anti-self dual components of the electromagnetic field or, equivalently,
the difference between the right and left circularly polarized components. This
conservation law holds even if the electromagnetic field interacts with an
arbitrary classical gravitational background. After re-examining these results,
we discuss whether this symmetry is maintained when the electromagnetic field
is quantized. The answer is in the affirmative in the absence of gravity, but
not necessarily otherwise. As a consequence, the net polarization of the
quantum electromagnetic field fails to be conserved in curved spacetimes. This
is a quantum effect, and it can be understood as the generalization of the
fermion chiral anomaly to fields of spin one
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