Petroleum-Collecting And Dispersing Chemicals For Cleaning Sea Surface From Thin Petroleum Slicks

Monoethylolamide, diethylolamide and triethanolamine ester synthesized by us based on fish oil and their phosphate derivatives being surface-active and ecologically safe possess a high capacity of petroleum collecting and dispersing. When introducing phosphate group, a tendency to replacement of petroleum slick dispersing by its collection (accumulation into a spot) is observed. Efficiency of the chemicals change depends on the type and concentration of ions in the water. Such salts as NaCl, KI, KBr, and MgSO4 positively influence petroleum-collecting activity whereas K2CO3 and NaHCO3 cause petroleum dispersing

Dynamics and Accounting of GHG Emissions in the World

The problem of climate change on the planet has been gradually forming since the middle of the 20th century. as the idea of a universal threat, to combat which humanity needs to unite and regulate the waste of resources. To do this, the problem of global climate change had to be introduced both into the political and economic agenda, and into the basic world system of values. Only then would climate rhetoric be able to influence political decisions and shape the way people live, as well as influence the global economy. But for this it is necessary to prove that humans are to blame for global climate change. The fact that nature is constantly changing, scientists knew until the middle of the 20th century. But it was believed that the reasons for this lie in the laws of long and short climatic cycles, and man has nothing to do with global changes. And this means that it is impossible to justify the reasons why the global community and individuals should change their behavior. That is, without substantiating the anthropogenic impact on global climate change, this topic cannot claim to be the central determinant of economic and political development

Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants in Tree Bark from Around the Globe

Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants were measured in about 40 samples of tree bark from 12 locations around the globe. The analytes were polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and tetrabromo-<i>p</i>-xylene (pTBX). The highest concentrations of these compounds were detected at an urban site in Downsview, Ontario, Canada. Total PBDE and DP concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 190 ng/g lipid weight and from 0.89 to 48 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Relatively high levels of DP (46 ± 4 ng/g lipid weight) were found at a remote site at Bukit Kototabang in Indonesia. The concentrations of total PBDE, DP, PBEB, and HBCD in the tree bark samples were significantly associated with human population in the nearby areas (<i>r</i>² = 0.21–0.56; <i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of total PBDE and DP were significantly associated (<i>r</i>² = 0.40–0.64; <i>P</i> < 0.05). with the corresponding atmospheric concentrations of these compounds over a concentration range of 2–3 orders of magnitude

Russia’s Climate Agenda: Responding to international calls

The problem of climate change on the planet has been gradually forming since the middle of the 20th century. as the idea of a universal threat, to combat which humanity needs to unite and regulate the waste of resources. To do this, the problem of global climate change had to be introduced both into the political and economic agenda, and into the basic world system of values. Only then would climate rhetoric be able to influence political decisions and shape the way people live, as well as influence the global economy. But for this it is necessary to prove that humans are to blame for global climate change. The fact that nature is constantly changing, scientists knew until the middle of the 20th century. But it was believed that the reasons for this lie in the laws of long and short climatic cycles, and man has nothing to do with global changes. And this means that it is impossible to justify the reasons why the global community and individuals should change their behavior. That is, without substantiating the anthropogenic impact on global climate change, this topic cannot claim to be the central determinant of economic and political development

NMR studies of some 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone thiosemicarbazones in solutions

1518-1527Molecular dynamics of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone thiosemicarbazone and (E,E)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one thio­semi­car­­ba­zone have been investigated in solution using NMR. The results confirm the presence of con­for­mational transitions in the <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:az-latin"="" lang="AZ-LATIN">investigated molecules. The rotational barrier energy for the con­for­ma­tional transitions has been calculated. </span

Air is Still Contaminated 40 Years after the Michigan Chemical Plant Disaster in St. Louis, Michigan

The Michigan Chemical (also known as Velsicol Chemical) plant located in St. Louis, Michigan operated from 1936–1978. During this time, the plant manufactured polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-<i>bis</i>(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), and <i>tris</i>(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP), among other products. Due to widespread PBB contamination of Michigan, the plant eventually became a Superfund site, and despite years of cleanup activities, many of the compounds can still be found in the local ecosystem. To investigate the current atmospheric levels and to determine their spatial distributions, we collected tree bark samples from around Michigan and measured the concentrations of these pollutants. For comparison, other organic pollutants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs), which were not manufactured at the Michigan Chemical plant, were also measured in the same tree bark samples. Our results show levels of PBBs, DDT, and HBB in tree bark collected within 10 km of the Velsicol Superfund site (43, 477, and 108 ng/g lipid wgt., respectively) are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites located more than 10 km from the site (0.36, 28, and 0.36 ng/g lipid wgt., respectively). Levels of PBDEs and OPEs did not depend on distance from St. Louis. This is the first study on the atmospheric distribution of these chemicals around the Superfund site

Revised Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in Air around the Great Lakes

The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and several chlorinated insecticides in air have been measured every 12 days since 1991 at several sites on the shores of the North American Great Lakes. We give here the geometric mean concentrations for each of these compounds for each year and at each site. In most cases, these concentrations have been measured in both the vapor and particle phases; if concentrations were available for both phases, the two concentrations were summed, and those data are presented here. Assuming a first-order rate model for these data, we have calculated the time it takes for the concentrations to decrease by half. For most compounds, the halving times are the same for the vapor phase and for the vapor and particle phase concentrations summed together. The halving times are generally not distinguishable among the sites. Overall, the observed halving times are 8–15 years, except for that of lindane, which is disappearing with a halving time of ∼4 years