No-till banana planting on crop residue mulch: Effect on soil quality and crop functioning

Introduction. In the French West Indies, farmers generally consider that periodical soil tillage is necessary to increase soil porosity and maintain high yield. However, in the nontilled perennial banana plantations of the highlands, the soil exhibits better physical and biological properties than in the conventional banana plantations. To determine if tillage before banana planting is necessary for proper banana crop functioning and to assess the effect of tillage on soil quality, banana planting after conventional tillage was compared with no-till banana planting on crop residue mulch on an experimental plot. Materials and methods. Soil quality was assessed through indicators such as porosity, organic status, microbial biomass and structure of nematode communities. Crop functioning was assessed through plant growth, root distribution, and soil water and nitrogen availability. Results. We found that tillage reduced soil microbial biomass and the number of nematode functional guilds. Tillage had only a short-term effect on soil porosity and did not allow deeper extension of the root system. Although soil organic nitrogen mineralization was higher with conventional tillage, banana nitrogen nutrition was not better, probably because the high nitrogen fertilization offset the variations in availability of nitrogen from organic origin. We found that banana growth was better with no-till treatment. This could be explained by less drying out of soil due to the crop residue mulch left on the soil surface with no-till treatment. Conclusion. Relative to conventional tillage, no-till banana planting improved soil quality and crop performance. (Résumé d'auteur

The end of the Epigravettian and the beginnings of the Sauveterrian in Tuscany (Italy)

International audienc

Tachygonetria setosa Seurat 1918

Tachygonetria setosa Seurat, 1918 (Fig. 3) References and synonymes: see Petter 1966. HOST. — Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758. SITE OF INFECTION. — Large intestine. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Morocco. Settat, 7°45’30”W, 32°30’45”N, 22.VII.1999, S. Bouamer, 4, 4 (MNHN 225 HG). REDESCRIPTION GeneralPublished as part of Bouamer, Salah & Morand, Serge, 2005, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) and redescriptions of five species parasites of Palaearctic Testudinidae, pp. 193-209 in Zoosystema 27 (2) on page 198, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.575800

Tachygonetria palearcticus

Tachygonetria palearcticus (Petter, 1966) (Fig. 5) References and synonymes: see Petter 1966. HOSTS. — Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758, Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789, Testudo horsfieldii Gray, 1844. SITE OF INFECTION. — Large intestine. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Morocco. Settat, 7°45’30”W, 32°30’45”N, 30.VII.1999, S. Bouamer, 3, 3 (MNHN 227HG of the collection from T. graeca). Spain. South Catalonia, 2°11’17”E, 41°23’14”N, 17.XII.1993, Dr C. Feliu, 3, 3 (MNHN 227HG of the collection from T. graeca). REDESCRIPTION General Species with thin body, and pointed ends. Triradiate oral opening with two cycles of lips: the external cycle formed by three transparent and short lips, the second cycle formed by three transparent and prominent lips bearing a conical and frontal hyaline projection (Fig. 5A, B, D, E). Cephalic sense organs formed by the outer ring of four sub-lateral papillae, an inner ring of papillae not observed; large, sessile and external amphids. Three small and crescent-shaped cuticularized plates disposed at the junction of the anterior ends of oesophageal sectors and located immediately under apical cuticle. Short buccal cavity, armed with three small teeth. Long tail. In the male (Fig. 5B, C, E, F), cloaca with two pairs of genital papillae: one rosette-shaped and middle-sized pre-anal pair, with a posterior expansion, and one elongated post-anal pair of papillae. One pair of sessile papillae at the end of the tail. Long, slender and needle-shaped spicule.Published as part of Bouamer, Salah & Morand, Serge, 2005, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) and redescriptions of five species parasites of Palaearctic Testudinidae, pp. 193-209 in Zoosystema 27 (2) on page 200, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.575800

Morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Africana genus (Nematoda : Heterakidae)

International audienceA morphological phylogenetic hypothesis of the relationships among the species of Africana is provided. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that Squamata or Amphibia were ancestral hosts for species of Africana, with dispersal events to Testudinidae; a second transfer to amphibians is also suggested. On the basis of biological data for these parasites and the paleogeographic reconstructions, a South American origin for Africana spp. is indicated, with subsequent dispersal events to Africa. It is further proposed that Chamaleonidae acquired species of Africana after their 'out-of-Madagascar' dispersal events to Africa

Tachygonetria Wedl 1862

Genus Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 Tachygonetria numidica Seurat, 1918 (Fig. 1) References and synonymes: see Petter 1966. HOST. — Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758. SITE OF INFECTION. — Large intestine. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Morocco. Settat, 7°45’30”W, 32°30’45”N, 22.VII.1999, S. Bouamer, 4, 4 (MNHN 223HG). REDESCRIPTION GeneralPublished as part of Bouamer, Salah & Morand, Serge, 2005, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) and redescriptions of five species parasites of Palaearctic Testudinidae, pp. 193-209 in Zoosystema 27 (2) on page 194, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.575800

Tachygonetria khallaayounei Bouamer & Morand 2005, n. sp.

<i>Tachygonetria khallaayounei</i> n. sp. <p>(Fig. 7)</p> <p> HOST. — <i>Testudo graeca</i> Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>SITE OF INFECTION. — Large intestine.</p> <p> TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Morocco.</b> Settat, 7°45’30”W, 32°30’45”N, 22.VII.1999, S. Bouamer, holotype, allotype, 4 paratypes, 4 paratypes (MNHN 229HG).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species is named in honour of Dr Khalid Khallaayoune, Institut agronomique et vétérinaire, Rabat, Morocco.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p> <i>General</i></p>Published as part of <i>Bouamer, Salah & Morand, Serge, 2005, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) and redescriptions of five species parasites of Palaearctic Testudinidae, pp. 193-209 in Zoosystema 27 (2)</i> on page 205, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5758001">10.5281/zenodo.5758001</a&gt

Taxinomie et systématique évolutive des pharyngodonidae (oxyurida) de testudinidae paléartiques

Les infracommunautés d'Oxyurida parasites de Testudinidae constituent à la fois un paradoxe écologique, en tolérant la coexistence d'espèces proches dans un même habitat, et un bon modèle pour les études phylogénétiques des espèces de ces infracommunautés hébergées dans un milieu apparemment uniforme. Dans ce travail, l'étude taxinomique et la systématique évolutive de ces infracommunautés sont basées sur deux approches, taxinomique et phylogénétique. La première a amené l'amendement des diagnoses de quatre genres, des descriptions de nouvelles espèces, des redescriptions et le changement de statut de plusieurs sous-espèces. Les données morphologiques sont utilisées pour la construction d'une matrice de caractères pour tous les taxons étudiés, ce qui permet de proposer une reconstruction phylogénétique. La deuxième approche, moléculaire (analyse moléculaire du gène mitochondrial codant pour l'ARN ribosomique 12S) est utilisée pour résoudre deux problèmes : en premier lieu, l'identification spécifique des mâles et des femelles car la divergence évolutive morphologique entre les deux sexes pose des difficultés pour l'attribution spécifique. En second lieu l'établissement d'un schéma évolutif de ces parasites. Il ressort que les Oxyurida forment un groupe monophylétique. Les implications taxinomiques des caractères d'ordre générique sont testées. L'étude écologique montre que dans une infracommunauté simple d'Oxyurida les espèces sont associées positivement, alors que la présence d'Ascaridida a un effet négatif sur l'abondance des Oxyurida et sur la structure de l'infracommunauté.The infracommunities of Oxyurida parasites of Testudindae constitute at the same time an ecological paradox, by tolerating the coexistence of taxonomically close species living in the same habitat, and a good model for phylogenetic studies of infracommunities's species. occurring in an apparently uniform biotope. The taxonomic study and the evolutionary systematic of these nematode species are based on two approaches. First, we allowed the amendments of the diagnoses of four genera with redescriptions or descriptions of some new species and the revision of the statutes of the subspecies. The morphological data are used for construction of a matrix of characters for all studied taxa, in order to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis. The molecular approach (12S gene) is used to resolve two problems: the specific identification of males and females and to infer an evolutionary cladogramme of this group of parasites. Oxyurida parasites of Testudinidae form a monophyletic group. The ecological study shows that in one infracommunity of Oxyurida the species are positively associated, whereas the presence of a species of Ascaridida has a negative effect on the abundances of Oxyurida and the structure of infracommunities.PERPIGNAN-BU Sciences (661362101) / SudocSudocFranceF