Eina per a la captació de talent al grau d'enginyeria química (#TEQxC2): el cas de la UPC Manresa

L'ocupabilitat és un dels atractius que aporten valor als estudis de grau de les enginyeries. En aquest sentit la UPC de Manresa dinamitza la captació d'estudiants en el grau d'enginyeria química a partir del programa talent en l'enginyeria química per a la Catalunya central, en el qual s'ofereix com a ingredient singular l'experiència d'enginyers que treballen en la indústria com a vincle per captar l'interès dels estudiants de batxillerat a partir de la selecció dels professors de batxillerat. Employability is one of the attractions that add value to undergraduate engineering degree studies. In this sense, the UPC of Manresa dynamizes the recruitment of students in the degree of chemical engineering from the talent program in chemical engineering for Central Catalonia, (TECxC2) which offers as an outstanding ingredient the experience of engineers who work in industry as a link to attract the interest of high school students from the selection made by their own teachers.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Azithromycin to Prevent Pertussis in Household Contacts, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012-2013

We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of azithromycin in preventing transmission of pertussis to a patient's household contacts. We also considered the duration between symptom onset in the primary patient and azithromycin administration. We categorized contacts into 4 groups: those treated within 21 days after illness onset in the primary patient. We studied 476 primary index patients and their 1,975 household contacts, of whom 4.5% were later identified as having pertussis. When contacts started chemoprophylaxis within 14 days after primary patient's symptom onset was less effective. We recommend that contacts of persons with pertussis begin chemoprophylaxis within <14 days after primary patient's symptom onset

Despertar la curiosidad por la química desde la Universidad

En este trabajo se presentará la experiencia realizada a partir de la visita a la exposición “¿Dónde está la química?”, por parte de estudiantes de secundaria, ciclos formativos y bachillerato. Esta exposición se ha programado desde la Escola Universitària Politècnica de Manresa de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, con el objetivo de acercar a los estudiantes de este nivel al conocimiento y, más que nada, a la curiosidad por el mundo de la química. Se expondrá en primer lugar el material que se presenta en la exposición, así como los resultados obtenidos en una encuesta realizada a los asistentes una vez concluida la visita, y en segundo lugar se presentarán las conclusiones obtenidas de la valoración indicada.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Factors Associated to Duration of Hepatitis A Outbreaks: Implications for Control

Even though hepatitis A mass vaccination effectiveness is high, outbreaks continue to occur. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between duration and characteristics of hepatitis A outbreaks. Hepatitis A (HA) outbreaks reported between 1991 and 2007 were studied. An outbreak was defined as ≥2 epidemiologically-linked cases with ≥1 case laboratory-confirmed by detection of HA immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Relationships between explanatory variables and outbreak duration were assessed by logistic regression. During the study period, 268 outbreaks (rate 2.45 per million persons-year) and 1396 cases (rate 1.28 per 105 persons-year) were reported. Factors associated with shorter duration were time to intervention (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.98) and school setting (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16–0.92). In person-to-person transmission outbreaks only time to intervention was associated with shorter outbreak duration (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95–0.98). The only variables associated with shorter outbreak duration were early administration of IG or vaccine and a school setting. Timely reporting HA outbreaks was associated with outbreak duration. Making confirmed HA infections statutory reportable for clinical laboratories could diminish outbreak duration

Hospital-acquired influenza infections detected by a surveillance system over six seasons, from 2010/2011 to 2015/2016

In addition to outbreaks of nosocomial influenza, sporadic nosocomial influenza infections also occur but are generally not reported in the literature. This study aimed to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of cases of nosocomial influenza compared with the remaining severe cases of severe influenza in acute hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) which were identified by surveillance. An observational case-case epidemiological study was carried out in patients aged ≥18 years from Catalan 12 hospitals between 2010 and 2016. For each laboratory-confirmed influenza case (nosocomial or not) we collected demographic, virological and clinical characteristics. We defined patients with nosocomial influenza as those admitted to a hospital for a reason other than acute respiratory infection in whom ILI symptoms developed ≥48 h after admission and influenza virus infection was confirmed using RT-PCR. Mixed-effects regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted OR. One thousand seven hundred twenty-two hospitalized patients with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection were included: 96 (5.6%) were classified as nosocomial influenza and more frequently had > 14 days of hospital stay (42.7% vs. 27.7%, P <.001) and higher mortality (18.8% vs. 12.6%, P <.02). The variables associated with nosocomial influenza cases in acute-care hospital settings were chronic renal disease (aOR 2.44 95% CI 1.44-4.15) and immunodeficiency (aOR 1.79 95% CI 1.04-3.06). Nosocomial infections are a recurring problem associated with high rates of chronic diseases and death. These findings underline the need for adherence to infection control guidelines

Vigilància epidemiològica dels casos greus hospitalitzats confirmats de grip. Xarxa sentinella PIDIRAC (Catalunya 2010-2015)

Grip; Viigilància; Epidemiologia; Antivírics; VacunaGripe; Vigilancia; Epidemiología; Antivíricos; VacunaFlu; Surveillance; Epidemiology; Antivirals; VaccineIntroducció: el Pla d’informació de les infeccions respiratòries agudes a Catalunya (PIDIRAC) va incorporar la vigilància de casos greus hospitalitzats confirmats de grip (CGHCG) l’any 2009. L’objectiu de l’estudi és descriure les característiques clíniques, epidemiològiques i virològiques dels CGHCG registrats en 12 hospitals de la xarxa sentinella durant cinc temporades gripals. Mètode: la mostra consta dels CGHCG registrats durant les temporades que van de 2010-2011 a 2014-2015. La tècnica de confirmació emprada ha estat la PCR i/o l’aïllament viral en cultiu cel·lular a partir de mostra respiratòria. Resultats: es van registrar 1.400 CGHCG, dels quals un 33% van requerir ingrés a l’UCI i un 12% van ser èxitus. La mitjana d’edat dels casos va ser de 55,2 anys (DE: 26,7 anys), amb un rang de 0-101 anys. Un 70,8% no estaven vacunats; un 87% van rebre tractament antiviral en el 80,4% i el 24% dels casos abans de 48 hores d’ingrés i d’inici de símptomes, respectivament. En el 87,7% dels casos es va identificar el virus de la grip A (37,9% A(H1N1)pdm09 i 29,3% A(H3N2)). Conclusions: la vigilància de CGHCG proporciona una estimació de la gravetat de les epidèmies estacionals de grip i permet identificar i caracteritzar grups de risc per adoptar mesures preventives (vacunació) i tractament antiviral precoç.Introducción: el Plan de información de las infecciones respiratorias agudas en Cataluña (PIDIRAC) incorporó la vigilancia de casos graves hospitalizados confirmados de gripe (CGHCG) el año 2009. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y virológicas de los CGHCG registrados en 12 hospitales de la red centinela durante cinco temporadas gripales. Método: la muestra consta de los CGHCG registrados durante las temporadas que van de 2010-2011 a 2014-2015. La técnica de confirmación utilizada ha sido la PCR y/o el aislamiento viral en cultivo celular a partir de muestra respiratoria. Resultados: se registraron 1.400 CGHCG, de los cuales un 33% requirieron ingreso a la UCI y un 12% fueron exitus. La media de edad de los casos fue de 55,2 años (DE: 26,7 años), con un rango de 0-101 años. Un 70,8% no estaban vacunados; un 87% recibieron tratamiento antiviral, en el 80,4% y el 24% de los casos antes de 48 horas de ingreso y de inicio de síntomas, respectivamente. En el 87,7% de los casos se identificó virus de la gripe A (37,9% A(H1N1)pdm09 y 29,3% A(H3N2)). Conclusiones: la vigilancia de CGHCG proporciona una estimación de la gravedad de las epidemias estacionales de gripe y permite identificar y caracterizar grupos de riesgo para adoptar medidas preventivas (vacunación) y tratamiento antiviral precoz.Introduction: the Information Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Catalonia (PIDIRAC) incorporated the surveillance of severe confirmed influenza hospitalized cases (CGHCG) in 2009. The objective of the study is to portray the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of the CGHCG registered in 12 sentinel hospitals during 5 influenza seasons. Method: the sample consists of the CGHCG registered during 2010-2011 to 2014-2015 influenza seasons. The confirmation technique used was PCR and/or viral isolation in cell culture from respiratory sample. Results: 1400 CGHCG were registered, of which 33% required admission to ICU and 12% were exitus. The mean age of cases was 55.2 years (SD: 26.7 years), range of 0-101 years. 70.8% were not vaccinated; 87% received antiviral treatment, in 80.4% and 24% of the cases before 48 hours of admission and of beginning of symptoms, respectively. 87,7% of the cases identified influenza virus A (37,9% AH1N1pdm09, 29,3% AH3N2). Conclusions: surveillance of CGHCG provides an estimation of the severity of seasonal influenza epidemics allows to identify and characterize at-risk groups to adopt preventive measures (vaccination) and early antiviral treatment

High order hydrodynamical equations

Hydrodynamical equations act as a link between the local observed magnitudes of galactic motion and the general ones accounting for the behaviour of the Galaxy as a whole. Constraints are set usually in order to use them even in the lower order hierarchy. The authors present in this paper the complete expressions up to their fourth order. These equations will be used in the next future in their general form taking into account both the expected increase of kinematic data that the astrometric mission Hipparcos will provide, and some recent results indicating the possibility to obtain estimates for the momenta gradients

High order hydrodynamical equations

Hydrodynamical equations act as a link between the local observed magnitudes of galactic motion and the general ones accounting for the behaviour of the Galaxy as a whole. Constraints are set usually in order to use them even in the lower order hierarchy. The authors present in this paper the complete expressions up to their fourth order. These equations will be used in the next future in their general form taking into account both the expected increase of kinematic data that the astrometric mission Hipparcos will provide, and some recent results indicating the possibility to obtain estimates for the momenta gradients