Promoção do aumento da solubilidade de fármacos pouco solúveis para a sua administração oral em formas farmacêuticas de libertação imediata ou controlada

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Tecnologia Farmacêutica), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de FarmáciaDisponível no document

Release profile of ibuprofen in β-cyclodextrin complexes from two different solid dosage forms

The objective of this work was to develop solid dosage forms using powders containing inclusion complexes (ibuprofen with β-cyclodextrin) which were used to produce tablets (direct compression without additional excipients) and pellets (extrusion/spheronization) from wet mass containing 40% (w/w) of microcrystalline cellulose. The pellets also demonstrated that during preparation of the wet mass, the inclusion process occurred in a same yield that when pre-complexation was used. The particles characteristics were evaluated after being obtained through different complexation methods. The results showed that the tensile strength and profile dissolution were as expected for both dosage forms. Tablets containing inclusion complexes showed higher solubility when compared with a reference formulation and with two commercial formulations. The ibuprofen released from the two pellets formulations didn’t show relevant differences between them. The drug released was analyzed considering different dissolution parameters. The advantages of these new methodologies can be summarized as: (a) tablets were produced at a lower cost for the total process; and (b) in the pellet´s preparation there was no need of the previous complexation method resulting in a decrease in time and energy required

Comparison of ibuprofen release from minitablets and capsules containing ibuprofen: β-Cyclodextrin complex

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011 May;78(1):58-66. Epub 2010 Dec 30.Mixtures containing ibuprofen (IB) complexed with b-cyclodextrin (bCD) obtained by two complexation methods [suspension/solution (with water removed by air stream, spray- and freeze-drying) and kneading technique] were processed into pharmaceutical dosage forms (minitablets and capsules). Powders (IB, bCD and IBbCD) were characterized for moisture content, densities (true and bulk), angle of repose and Carr’s index, X-ray and NMR. From physical mixtures and IBbCD complexes without other excipients were prepared 2.5-mm-diameter minitablets and capsules. Minitablets were characterized for the energy of compaction, tensile strength, friability, density and IB release (at pH 1.0 and 7.2), whereby capsules were characterized for IB release. The results from the release of IB were analyzed using different parameters, namely, the similarity factor (f2), the dissolution efficiency (DE) and the amounts released at a certain time (30, 60 and 180 min) and compared statistically (a = 0.05). The release of IB from the minitablets showed no dependency on the amount of water used in the formation of the complexes. Differences were due to the compaction force used or the presence of a shell for the capsules. The differences observed were mostly due to the characteristics of the particles (dependent on the method considered on the formation of the complexes) and neither to the dosage form nor to the complex of the IB

DIÁLOGO ENTRE A HSTÓRIA E A LITERATURA

Cada homem ou cada mulher trazem, à nascença, uma origem, um território, uma época e um conflito, que, no conjunto, compõem a sua história zero ou a sua história inicial e vão permitir que se referenciem no seu ambiente e tenham bases para desenvolver novas abordagens de interação com o mundo.

Association of Intestinal Malrotation and Bochdalek Hernia in an Adult: a Case Report

Background Late presentations of congenital diaphragmatic hernia are rare and differ from the classic neonatal presentation. The association with other congenital malformations in children, mainly intestinal malrotation, is well documented. The diagnosis of this association in adults is very rare, and depends on a high degree of suspicion. Case presentation We report a case of a 50-year-old female Caucasian patient with a previous history of intestinal malrotation diagnosed in adolescence and treated conservatively. She was referred to the hospital with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The patient undertook computed tomography that confirmed small bowel obstruction with no obvious cause, and a right subphrenic abscess with right empyema was also present. An exploratory laparotomy was performed that revealed an intestinal malrotation associated with a right gangrenous and perforated Bochdalek hernia. Resection of the affected small bowel, closure of the Bochdalek foramen and the Ladd procedure were carried out. Conclusion This case shows a rare association of two rare conditions in adults, and highlights the challenge in reaching the diagnosis and management options

Projeto de fundações e estrutura de um edifício de betão armado

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Área de Especialização em EstruturasA realização deste trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração das diferentes fases de um projeto de fundações e estrutura de um edifício em betão armado, que abrangeu desde a sua conceção até à fase final de dimensionamento. Essas fases englobaram a conceção estrutural, o pré-dimensionamento, a análise estrutural e sísmica, o dimensionamento e a respetiva pormenorização. No seu desenvolvimento foram aplicados os critérios de dimensionamento da regulamentação Europeia (Eurocódigos) que representam um grande desafio face à complexidade que as suas normas traduzem, relativamente à conceção e dimensionamento de estruturas. A complexidade, encontrada neste trabalho, resultou da aplicação das normas do Eurocódigo 8 (tratamento mais detalhado e complexo da ação sísmica relativamente à regulamentação Nacional). Outro considerando incidiu na modelação e análise detalhada e rigorosa da estrutura, que se apoiou num modelo tridimensional de elementos finitos, com recurso ao programa de cálculo automático SAP2000. Este programa permitiu a realização do modelo de cálculo da estrutura e, com exceção dos elementos de fundação, o próprio dimensionamento das armaduras dos elementos estruturais. Todos os aspetos, que condicionaram a elaboração deste projeto, foram devidamente analisados e discutidos. A finalidade deste procedimento foi encontrar a solução mais adequada para a sua concretização prática. As opções tomadas encontram-se justificadas, o que permitiu desenvolver um trabalho detalhado e correto. Os cálculos efetuados para o dimensionamento dos elementos estruturais possibilitaram obter a solução estrutural final, que foi complementada e ilustrada pelas peças desenhadas. Para concluir, todo este trabalho, assente na aplicação dos métodos e normas de dimensionamento presentes nos Eurocódigos, proporcionou a obtenção de um projeto estrutural. A análise e interpretação de todos os passos desde a sua conceção até à solução final, foram alcançados devido aos variados conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso e todos aqueles que foram adquiridos ao longo da elaboração do mesmo.Abstract: The main purpose of this project is the development of the different stages for the design of a building in reinforced concrete foundations and structures, from the initial to the final stage. where all stages from the predesign, structural and seismic analysis and the respective dimensioning detail were considered. In its development the design criteria of the European regulations (Eurocodes) was applied which proved to be a major challenge given the complexity of these rules for the conception and design of structures. The complexity of this study is mainly due to the application of Eurocode 8 (a more detailed and complex treatment of the seismic action when compared with the National regulation). Furthermore, this study is focused on the detailed and rigorous analysis of the structure, which is based on a three-dimensional finite element model, using the computer program SAP2000. This program allowed the realization of the structure calculation model and the design of reinforcement of the structural elements, except for the slabs and foundation elements. All issues, which conditioned the development of this project, were duly analyzed and discussed. The aim was to find the most appropriate solution for their practical implementation. The choices made are justified, which allowed the development of a comprehensive and correct work. The calculations for the design of the structural elements made it possible to obtain the final structural solution, which was complemented and illustrated by drawings. Finally, all this work, based on the application of the methods and design standards present in the Eurocodes, provided the conditions of a well-designed structural design. The analysis and interpretation of the steps from conception to the final solution were achieved due to various ongoing knowledge of civil engineering (in which reports to this area) and all those that were acquired during the making of it

Adsorption heat pump optimization by experimental design and response surface methodology

The performance of commercial zeolites, with and without binder in its formulation (SYLOBEAD® MS C 548: 13X with binder; Köstrolith® 13XBFK and NaYBFK: 13X and NaY without binder, respectively), for water adsorption heating applications was compared in this work. Accounting for a Box-Behnken design with four factors (time of adsorption and desorption, tADS+DES; condensation temperature, Tcond; heat source temperature, THTF,hot; bed thickness, δ) and three levels, a set of 25 simulations per adsorbent was accomplished, and the performance of the adsorption units was evaluated through the coefficient of performance (COP) and the specific heating power (SHP). The results suggested that the presence of the binder in the formulation of 13X does not penalize the zeolite performance significantly, and that NaYBFK is the most promising material. For the latter solid, statistical outcomes were analyzed and insights about their usefulness to optimize the design and operation of adsorption heat pumps are provided. Pareto charts displaying the impact ranking of the factors upon COP and SHP are discussed, and simple equations are provided for the expeditious estimation of both indicators. Such models were utilized to map system performance and to select optimal geometric/operating parameters that meet specific performance requirements.publishe

Teoria da percolação aplicada à produção de comprimidos

Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologia Farmacêutica, área de especialização em Farmacotecnia, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Port

Gastric Outlet Obstruction in a Patient with Bouveret's Syndrome: a Case Report

BACKGROUND: Gallstone ileus accounts for 1% to 4% of cases of mechanical bowel obstruction, but may be responsible for up to 25% of cases in older age groups. In non-iatrogenic cases, gallstone migration occurs after formation of a biliary-enteric fistula. In fewer than 10% of patients with gallstone ileus, the impacted gallstones are located in the pylorus or duodenum, resulting in gastric outlet obstruction, known as Bouveret's syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: We report an 86-year-old female who was admitted to hospital with a 10-day history of persistent vomiting and prostration. She was in hypovolemic shock at the time of arrival in the emergency department. Investigations revealed a gallstone in the duodenal bulb and a cholecystoduodenal fistula. She underwent surgical gastrolithotomy. Unfortunately, she died of aspiration pneumonia on the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSION: This case shows the importance of considering Bouveret's syndrome in the differential diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction, especially in the elderly, even in patients with no previous history of gallbladder disease