Parks, people, and conservation: A review of management issues in nepal's protected areas

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43480/1/11111_2005_Article_BF01254607.pd

LYOTROPIC PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF N-OCTYL-1-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE AND ITS THIO DERIVATIVE N-OCTYL-1-S-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE

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Potential of Sorghum Varieties as Biofuel

The downside of fossil fuels as non-renewable energy resources in Indonesia has led to invent alternative energy resources. One of alternative sources is biofuels, which are derived from organic compound that originated from plants and living creatures. Here, we used sorghum as a source of biofuels, but current knowledge of sorghum cultivation on dry land is limited. This study aims to determine the influence of sorghum genotypes on their growth and yield in a dry land, and to analyze the potential of sorghum as biofuels. This research was carried out in low land, on vertisol soil, from August to November 2020. We applied a completely randomized block design with one factor and 3 replications. Seven sorghum varieties were identified namely Numbu, Super 1, Suri 3, Keller, Kawali, Black Sorghum, and Bioguma-2. The results showed that each variety had different genetical properties leading to various growth rates in both vegetative and generative phases. Our finding revealed that Keller variety was the most productive sorghum plant as it produced the highest sugar content (20°Brix). Also, Keller was the tallest plants (>300 cm) compared to other varieties. Bioguma-2 was the second, which was proven by its longest stem (307 cm) and high stem sap content (18°Brix). Thus, we recommended the Keller and Bioguma-2 as the suitable sorghum variety to be utilized in biofuels manufacturing

Myiasis incidences reported in and around central province of Sri Lanka

Background Myiasis, or the invasion of living tissues of humans and other mammals by dipterous larvae, is considered the world's fourth most common travel-associated skin disease after cutaneous larval migrants, pyodermas, and pruritic arthropod-reactive dermatitis. Method The present study recorded the cause, anatomical position, and severity of the wounds of myiasis patients admitted to 11 hospitals located in the central region of Sri Lanka from February 2016 to July 2017. Results Altogether, 28 myiasis incidences were noted within the study period. Of the total identified myiasis patients, nine were female while the remainder were male. The greatest number of patients was recorded from the Mawanella Base Hospital and Peradeniya Teaching Hospital (seven patients each). The ages of recorded patients ranged between 30 and 92 years with the average being 59.4 years. The greatest number of myiasis cases was diagnosed in wounds located in lower limbs (24). In addition, scalp, urogenital, and umbilical infestations were recorded. Eighteen out of the total patients had diabetes mellitus, and two patients suffered from filarial lymphedema. Psychiatric illnesses were a predisposing factor of larval infestation of six patients including the recorded scalp and two urogenital myiasis patients. Of the 28 myiasis cases, 27 were caused by the old world screwworm, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and one by the blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Conclusion The awareness of patients with ulcers about this disease helps to decrease further risk of being infected by fly larvae

Stable Silaimines with Three- and Four-Coordinate Silicon Atoms

Samuel PP, Azhakar R, Ghadwal R, et al. Stable Silaimines with Three- and Four-Coordinate Silicon Atoms. Inorganic Chemistry. 2012;51(20):11049-11054.The reactions of silylenes with organic azides are quite diverse, depending on the substituents of the silylene center and on the nature of the azide employed. Elusive silaimine with three-coordinate silicon atom L1SiN(2,6-Triip2-C6H3) (5) {L1 = CH[(C═CH2)(CMe)(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)2] and Triip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl} was synthesized by treatment of the silylene L1Si (1) with a sterically demanding 2,6-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)phenyl azide (2,6-Triip2C6H3N3). The reaction of Lewis base-stabilized dichlorosilylene L2SiCl2 (2) {L2 = 1,3-bis(2,6-iPr2C6H3)imidazol-2-ylidene} with Ph3SiN3 afforded four-coordinate silaimine L2(Cl2)SiNSiPh3 (6). Treatment of 2,6-Triip2C6H3N3 with L3SiCl (3) (L3 = PhC(NtBu)2) yielded silaimine L3(Cl)SiN(2,6-Triip2-C6H3) (7) possessing a four-coordinate silicon atom. The reactions of L3SiN(SiMe3)2 (4) with adamantyl and trimethylsilyl azide furnished silaimine compounds with a four-coordinate silicon atom L3(N(Ad)SiMe3)SiN(SiMe3) (8) (Ad = adamantyl) and L3(N(SiMe3)2)SiN(SiMe3) (9). Compound 8 was formed by migration of one of the SiMe3 groups. Compounds 5–9 are stable under inert atmosphere and were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray studies

Structure of the ALS mutation target annexin A11 reveals a stabilising N-terminal segment

Abstract The functions of the annexin family of proteins involve binding to Ca2+, lipid membranes, other proteins, and RNA, and the annexins share a common folded core structure at the C terminus. Annexin A11 (AnxA11) has a long N-terminal region, which is predicted to be disordered, binds RNA, and forms membraneless organelles involved in neuronal transport. Mutations in AnxA11 have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We studied the structure and stability of AnxA11 and identified a short stabilising segment in the N-terminal end of the folded core, which links domains I and IV. The crystal structure of the AnxA11 core highlights main-chain hydrogen bonding interactions formed through this bridging segment, which are likely conserved in most annexins. The structure was also used to study the currently known ALS mutations in AnxA11. Three of these mutations correspond to buried Arg residues highly conserved in the annexin family, indicating central roles in annexin folding. The structural data provide starting points for detailed structure–function studies of both full-length AnxA11 and the disease variants being identified in ALS

Stable Silaimines with Three- and Four-Coordinate Silicon Atoms

The reactions of silylenes with organic azides are quite diverse, depending on the substituents of the silylene center and on the nature of the azide employed. Elusive silaimine with three-coordinate silicon atom L¹SiN­(2,6-Triip₂-C₆H₃) (<b>5</b>) {L¹ = CH­[(CCH₂)­(CMe)­(2,6-<i>i</i>Pr₂C₆H₃N)₂] and Triip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl} was synthesized by treatment of the silylene L¹Si (<b>1</b>) with a sterically demanding 2,6-bis­(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)­phenyl azide (2,6-Triip₂C₆H₃N₃). The reaction of Lewis base-stabilized dichlorosilylene L²SiCl₂ (<b>2</b>) {L² = 1,3-bis­(2,6-<i>i</i>Pr₂C₆H₃)­imidazol-2-ylidene} with Ph₃SiN₃ afforded four-coordinate silaimine L²(Cl₂)­SiNSiPh₃ (<b>6</b>). Treatment of 2,6-Triip₂C₆H₃N₃ with L³SiCl (<b>3</b>) (L³ = PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂) yielded silaimine L³(Cl)­SiN­(2,6-Triip₂-C₆H₃) (<b>7</b>) possessing a four-coordinate silicon atom. The reactions of L³SiN­(SiMe₃)₂ (<b>4</b>) with adamantyl and trimethylsilyl azide furnished silaimine compounds with a four-coordinate silicon atom L³(N­(Ad)­SiMe₃)­SiN­(SiMe₃) (<b>8</b>) (Ad = adamantyl) and L³(N­(SiMe₃)₂)­SiN­(SiMe₃) (<b>9</b>). Compound <b>8</b> was formed by migration of one of the SiMe₃ groups. Compounds <b>5</b>–<b>9</b> are stable under inert atmosphere and were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray studies