Vertex operator algebra with two Miyamoto involutions generating S3S_3

In this article we study a VOA with two Miyamoto involutions generating $S_3$. In \cite{M3}, Miyamoto showed that a VOA generated by two conformal vectors whose Miyamoto involutions generate an automorphism group isomorphic to $S_3$ is isomorphic to one of the four candidates he listed. We construct one of them and prove that our VOA is actually the same as $\mathrm{VA}(e,f)$ studied by Miyamoto. We also show that there is an embedding into the moonshine VOA. Using our VOA, we can define the 3A-triality in the Monster.Comment: latex 26pages, new sections on simple current extensions and embedding into the moonshine VOA are adde

On the Homogeneous Golod Ideal of a Semigraded Local Ring

In his paper [6], M. Steurich introduced the notion of the semigraded local ring as a generalized concept of a power series ring over a field. Corresponding to the non-homogeneous case, we investigate in this paper, how the properties of Golod homomorphisms, due to G. Levin [3], can be transfered to the semigraded case. And, by making use of it, we obtain some change of ring theorems about Poincare series in our semigraded case. Throughout the paper, all rings are commutative and Noetherian, and the symbol (R, m, k) stands for R is a local ring with maximal ideal m and residue field k

Modelling how incorporation of divalent cations affects calcite wettability–implications for biomineralisation and oil recovery

Using density functional theory and geochemical speciation modelling, we predicted how solid-fluid interfacial energy is changed, when divalent cations substitute into a calcite surface. The effect on wettability can be dramatic. Trace metal uptake can impact organic compound adsorption, with effects for example, on the ability of organisms to control crystal growth and our ability to predict the wettability of pore surfaces. Wettability influences how easily an organic phase can be removed from a surface, either organic compounds from contaminated soil or crude oil from a reservoir. In our simulations, transition metals substituted exothermically into calcite and more favourably into sites at the surface than in the bulk, meaning that surface properties are more strongly affected than results from bulk experiments imply. As a result of divalent cation substitution, calcite-fluid interfacial energy is significantly altered, enough to change macroscopic contact angle by tens of degrees. Substitution of Sr, Ba and Pb makes surfaces more hydrophobic. With substitution of Mg and the transition metals, calcite becomes more hydrophilic, weakening organic compound adsorption. For biomineralisation, this provides a switch for turning on and off the activity of organic crystal growth inhibitors, thereby controlling the shape of the associated mineral phase

FOLFIRI Is Tolerable after Subtotal Colectomy – A Patient with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Who Developed Advanced Rectal Cancer

A 40-year-old female with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) had a subtotal colectomy at 16 years of age. At 39 years, she had low anterior resection due to advanced rectal carcinoma. Thereafter, we administrated per os uracil and tegafur for 9 months. Metastatic rectal carcinoma was detected in the liver (S8) by computed tomography (CT). 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data did not show any other metastasis. This report presents a first case of a patient undergoing subtotal colectomy administered FOLFIRI (CPT-11 180 mg/m2 as a 90-minute infusion on day 1; leucovorin 400 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion during CPT-11, immediately followed by 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m2 and 46-hour continuous infusion of 2,400 mg/m2 every 2 weeks). This regimen was administered without grade 3 or 4 of any adverse reaction for 6 months, although there was a possibility that this patient with subtotal colectomy may have the cause for severe diarrhea. Further investigations are needed to assess the safety in clinical trials of FOLFIRI regimen for patients with subtotal colectomy

Shock vaporization/devolatilization of evaporitic minerals, halite and gypsum, in an open system investigated by a two-stage light gas gun

Dry lakebeds might constitute large volatile reservoirs on Mars. Hypervelocity impacts onto ancient dry lakebeds would have affected the volatile distribution on Mars. We developed a new experimental method to investigate the response of evaporitic minerals (halite and gypsum) to impact shocks in an open system. This technique does not result in chemical contamination from the operation of the gas gun. The technique is termed the two-valve method and the gun system is located in the Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan. We detected the vaporization of halite at 31 GPa and devolatilization from gypsum at 11 GPa, suggesting that impact-induced volatile release from dry lakebeds has periodically occurred throughout Martian history. The vaporization of halite deposits might have enhanced the production of perchlorates, which are found globally on Mars. The water loss from gypsum possibly explains the coexisting types of Ca-sulfates found in Gale Crater.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 supporting information, accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letter