Non-commercial fish species in by-catch composition of shrimp trawl landing from Mahshahr creeks

Non-commercial fish species of shrimp trawls were studied monthly from October 2005 to September 2006 in Mahshahr creeks (Darvish, Doragh, Bihad, Ghazaleh, Ghanam, Zangi and Patil). The trawl nets had a cod-end mesh size of 24mm. Total catch was 6431 individuals weighing 55.5kg, and included 14 species of non-commercial fish species belonging to 14 families. The caught shrimp species were from Penaeidae; comprising only 30% of the total catches (4506 individuals weighting 44kg). Dominant species were Lieognathus hindus (54.8%), Metapenaeus affinis (18.2%) and Parapenaeopsis stylifera (9.8%). Maximum fish abundance was observed in March 2005 (98/3%) and for shrimp in June (66.2%). Bihad creek had the maximum percentage of fish (91.8%) by-catch and shrimp (42.9%) abundance. We conclude that the by-catch percentage of non-commercial fish is higher than shrimps in the study areas. Warm months witnessed the highest abundance of shrimp while January-March was the time period when by-catch was most abundant

Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (IWAMOTO): Extending Detection Limits for High-Resolution IR Cometary Spectroscopy at the NASA-IRTF

We used iSHELL, the powerful high-resolution ( /~ 40,000) cross-dispersed IR spectrograph at the NASA-IRTF to measure the native ice composition and outgassing of moderately bright, long-period comet C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) (hereafter Y1) within weeks of its discovery. We measured production rates for H2O, and production rates and abundance ratios relative to H2O for eight trace molecules, including the most complete measure of cometary CH4 achieved to date. Compared with mean abundances measured among comets, our study revealed enriched CH3OH and C2H6 yet depleted CO and C2H2, perhaps indicating highly efficient H- atom addition on interstellar grains prior to their incorporation into the nucleus. The combined high spectral resolving power and broad spectral coverage of iSHELL allowed characterizing cometary composition using only three instrument settings, and its long-slit coverage allowed comparing the spatial distributions of molecular emissions and dust continuum

Identification of medicinal plants effective in infectious diseases in Urmia, northwest of Iran

Objective: To identify the medicinal plants effective in infectious diseases. Methods: Initially, we obtained a list of herbalists and traditional healers from Food and Drug Deputy. Direct observations and interviews as well as collection of herbarium specimens of indigenous medicinal plants effective in infectious diseases of urinary tract, reproductive, digestive, respiratory and skin systems were performed. This study was conducted through questionnaires and interviews; the questionnaires were distributed among traditional healers and simultaneous interviews were also run. The plants were herbariumized, herbarium specimens were authenticated, and their species were determined by using reliable flora and other sources. Finally, the data were input into Excel 2010 and analyses were performed. Results: Out of the studied plants, 35 native medicinal plants belonging to 17 families were effective in the treatment of various diseases and infections. In this study, the Lamiaceae family had the highest frequency of plants for the treatment of infections. Traditional healers of Urmia in 24% of cases used the leaves of medicinal herb to treat patients. In 68% of cases, they prescribed medicinal herbs in the boiled forms. Most medicinal herbs showed therapeutic effect on the digestive system. Conclusions: Traditional medicinal sources, valuable knowledge of traditional healers in Urmia, the scientific investigation of the effects of the herbs offered in this study and their effects in traditional medicine may provide a good source for new drugs in modern medicine

Molecular Modeling Simulation Study of Interactions in Starch/Poly(acrylic acid) Blend

In this work we have studied the nature of interactions between starch and poly(acrylic acid) by using semi-empirical AM1 and PM3 methods. Theoretical computations involved the determination of optimal geometries, binding energies and vibrational frequencies of the blended polymers. Calculations are performed for four pairs of complexes of glucose (Glu) in starch and acrylic acid (mAA) in poly(acrylic acid) PAA. Based on results of calculation, the binding energies show negative values, which indicate that the interactions of glucose and acrylic acid are favorable at the lower energy. This means that the interactions of starch and PAA are stable. Vibrational frequency analysis of hydroxyl OH and carboxyl C=O groups of the 1Glu–1mAA, 1Glu–2mAA and 1Glu–3mAA complexes with single hydrogen bond showed that the stretching of these groups shifts to a lower wave number due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Keywords:Polymer blends, AM1, PM3

Prurit après prise de chloroquine et filarioses

Une étude des rapports entre le prurit après prise de chloroquine et l'infection par #Mansonella perstans filaire sanguine fréquente dans certaines régions mais passant inaperçue car peu pathogène et par #Onchocerca volvulus filaire dermique fréquente et aux conséquences pathologiques parfois graves a été menée dans deux villages de Côte d'Ivoire. Il n'est pas possible de mettre en évidence un rapport entre l'existence de ce prurit et l'infection par ces deux filaires. (Résumé d'auteur

Genetic variation of Mehraban sheep using two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Genetic diversity within Mehraban sheep populations, as one of the main breeds of Iranian sheep, was studied using (AG)9C and (GA)9C as two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Blood samples were collected from 210 animals in 6 flocks, 35 heads each, in different parts of Hamedan province. In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, (AG)9C and (GA)9C primers amplified 28 and 36 fragments, respectively, which ranged from 100 to more than 3100 bp. Percentages of polymorphic bands in the different populations ranged from 69 to 77%. In the pooled population, all inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fragments were polymorphic. Shannon and Nei gene diversity indices were 0.2256 and 0.1258, respectively, which indicated low genetic diversity of Mehraban sheep. The population studied was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for most of the ISSR-loci. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) partitioned the ISSR variation into inter and intra population components, where inter-populations and intra-populations accounted for 9 and 91% of the total variation, respectively. The results of this study showed that the Mehraban sheep is a pure native breed that has a low genetic diversity between subpopulations and could be noticed for its potentials in response to selection or crossing with other breeds.Key words: Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, Mehraban sheep, genetic diversity

Prevalence of Cannabis Lifetime Use in Iranian High School and College Students: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analyses,and Meta-Regression

Cannabis is the most widely used substance in the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cannabis lifetime use (CLU) in high school and college students of Iran and also to determine factors related to changes in prevalence. A systematic review of literature on cannabis use in Iran was conducted according to MOOSE guideline. Domestic scientific databases, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, relevant reference lists, and relevant journals were searched up to April, 2014. Prevalences were calculated using the variance stabilizing double arcsine transformation and confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using the Wilson method. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q statistic and I-2 index and causes of heterogeneity were evaluated using meta-regression model. In electronic database search, 4,000 citations were retrieved, producing a total of 33 studies. CLU was reported with a random effects pooled prevalence of 4.0 (95 CI = 3.0 to 5.0). In subgroups of high school and college students, prevalences were 5.0 (95 CI = 3.0 to -7.0) and 2.0 (95 CI = 2.0 to -3.0), respectively. Meta-regression model indicated that prevalence is higher in college students (beta = 0.089, p < .001), male gender (beta = 0.017, p < .001), and is lower in studies with sampling versus census studies (beta = -0.096, p < .001). This study reported that prevalence of CLU in Iranian students are lower than industrialized countries. In addition, gender, level of education, and methods of sampling are highly associated with changes in the prevalence of CLU across provinces