The Efficacy of Nature-Friendly Chemicals Eugenol and Sodium Bicarbonate against Post-Harvest Botrytis cinerea in Two Pepper Cultivars

Grey mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is the most important pre-harvest and post-harvest disease of pepper. The disease leads to huge losses in quality and yield of pepper. Synthetic fungicides should not be used because of their harmful residues in the fruits postharvest. Hence, alternative chemicals have gained more importance for human health now-a-days. In this study, the postharvest effectiveness of eugenol and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to B. cinerea was determined on two pepper varieties, ‘Demre’ and ‘Charleston’ obtained from pepper fields in Çanakkale. In essay the Eugenol was used at dosages of 0.75 and 1.5%, while sodium bicarbonate was used at dosages of 0.5 and 1.0%. Pepper varieties ‘Demre’ and ‘Charleston’ showed significantly different sensitivities against grey mold disease (P < 0.01), and this case reflected also to the efficacies of alternative chemicals. During eight days of storage, Charleston was more sensitive to B. cinerea than ‘Demre’ peppers. NaHCO3 at high dosage (1.0%) completely inhibited the disease on ‘Charleston’ and ‘Demre’ peppers. The lower dose of NaHCO3 (i.e., 0.5%) was also highly effective in ‘Demre’ (providing 95% reduction in the disease) but its efficacy was a little lower for ‘Charleston’ variety (84%). Efficacy (83.7%) of eugenol at dosage of 1.5% to B. cinerea on ‘Demre’ was found to be like NaHCO3 at dosage 0.5% on ‘Charleston’ peppers. Alternative chemicals had no adverse effects on pepper varieties. It is concluded that both tested nature-friendly chemicals (Eugenol and sodium bicarbonate) could be used (postharvest) against to B. cinerea on peppers. © 2021. Friends Science Publishers.2-s2.0-8510475073

Biochemical and quality parameters changes of green sweet bell peppers as affected by different postharvest treatments

In this research, the effects of different postharvest treatments on quality and biochemical properties of “Maxibell F1” California Wonder type peppers at green  mature stage were determined. In this content, ultraviolet C (UV-C) at 254 nm treatments for 2.5, 5, 10 min and hot water dipping (HWD) treatments for 2 min at 40, 50, 60°C were done respectively. Besides, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) based modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)   applications were materialized. Some quality and biochemical parameters such as flexibility, soluble solids content, weight loss, decay incidence, ascorbic acid  content, total chlorophyll content and membrane leakage were assessed after each storage period on peppers. Furthermore, the gas concentrations inside modified atmosphere packages were daily measured. Treated peppers were stored at 6 - 7°C and 90 - 95% RH conditions for 15, 30 and 45 days with two days shelf life at 18 - 20°C respectively. According to the results, storage period affected the quality and biochemical properties. Thus, quality and biochemical properties reduced with prolonged storage period. Furthermore LDPE based MAP, PVC based MAP and HWD at 40°C were found successful in terms of keeping the parameters as mentioned, respectively. The differences between treatments became evident especially after 30 and 45 days storage.Key words: Bell pepper, storage period, ultraviolet C, hot water dipping, modified atmosphere packaging, quality

Wpływ 22s, 23s-homobrassinolidu i GA3 na jakość owoców czereśni ‘0900 Ziraat’ oraz na zaburzenia fizjologiczne

Acquiring high quality in sweet cherry production is of great importance. Plant growth regulators have been used to increase yield and quality in the production of sweet cherries. Brassinosteroids, a relatively new group of plant growth regulators, have been found with interesting results on plant growth and development.This research was carried out to evaluate the role of brassinosteroids and gibberellins in development offruit quality and occurrence of physiological disorders in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide were applied with a sprayer at full bloom and at the beginning of fruit development for a 2-year period. GA3was applied in concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg l-1and 22S, 23S-homobrassinolide was applied in concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg l-1. A combined application of 100 mg l-1 GA3+ 0.1 mg l-122S, 23S-homobrassinolide was also applied. Plant growth regulator applications mainly caused an increase in fruit weight and flesh to seed ration, and a decrease in fruit length. The effect was mainly due to gibberellin. Both Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were affected by the hormones and the seasons.Neither growth regulators had an influ-ence on occurrence of the physiological disorders. They were at a lesser level in the second seasons.Uzyskanie wysokiej jakości w produkcji czereśni ma ogromną wagę. Regulatory wzrostu roślin używane były do zwiększenia plonu i jakości w produkcji czereśni. Stwierdzono, że brassinosteroidy, stosunkowo nowa grupa regulatorów wzrostu roślin, ma ciekawy wpływ na wzrost i rozwój roślin. Badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny roli brassensteroidów i giberelin dla jakości owoców i występowania zaburzeń fizjologicznych u czereśni ‘0900 Ziraat’. Przez okres 2 lat stosowano kwas giberelinowy (GA3) oraz 22S, 23S-homobrassinolid jako oprysk w pełni kwitnienia i na początku rozwoju owoców. GA3stosowano w stężeniach 25, 50 i 100 mg l-1a 22S, 23S-homobrassinolid –w stężeniach 0,05; 0,1 oraz 0.5 mg l-1. Stosowano też połączone działanie 100 mg l-1 GA3+ 0,1 mg l-122S, 23S-homobrassinolidu. Zastosowanie regulatorów wzrostu roślin spowodowało zwiększenie stosunku masy owoców i miąższu do pestek oraz zmniejszenie długości owoców. Efekt ten był głównie spowodowany gibereliną. Hormony i pora roku miały wpływ na całkowitą zawartość stałych substancji rozpuszczalnych oraz kwasowość oznaczoną. Żaden z regulatorów wzrostu nie miał wpływu na występowanie zaburzeń fizjologicznych. W drugim sezonie były one na mniejszym poziomie