The Practice of Basic Informatics 2020

Version 2020/04/02Kyoto University provides courses on 'The Practice of Basic Informatics' as part of its Liberal Arts and Sciences Program. The course is taught at many schools and departments, and course contents vary to meet the requirements of these schools and departments. This textbook is made open to the students of all schools that teach these courses. As stated in Chapter 1, this book is written with the aim of building ICT skills for study at university, that is, ICT skills for academic activities. Some topics may not be taught in class. However, the book is written for self-study by students. We include many exercises in this textbook so that instructors can select some of them for their classes, to accompany their teaching plans. The courses are given at the computer laboratories of the university, and the contents of this textbook assume that Windows 10 and Microsoft Office 2016 are available in these laboratories. In Chapter 13, we include an introduction to computer programming; we chose Python as the programming language because on the one hand it is easy for beginners to learn, and on the other, it is widely used in academic research. To check the progress of students' self-study, we have attached assessment criteria (a 'rubric') of this course as an Appendix. Current ICT is a product of the endeavors of many people. The "Great Idea" columns are included to show appreciation for such work. Dr. Yumi Kitamura and Dr. Hirohisa Hioki wrote Chapters 4 and 13, respectively. The remaining chapters were written by Dr. Hajime Kita. In revision for 2018 edition and after, Dr. Hiroyuki Sakai has participated in the author group, and Dr. Donghui Lin has also joined for English edition 2019. The authors hope that this textbook helps you to improve your academic ICT skill set. The content included in this book is selected based on the reference course plan discussed in the course development team for informatics at the Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences. In writing this textbook, we obtained advice and suggestions from staffs of the Network Section, Information Infrastructure Division, Department of Planning and Information Management Department, Kyoto University on Chapters 2 and 3, from Mr. Sosuke Suzuki, NTT Communications Corporation also on Chapter 3, Rumi Haratake, Machiko Sakurai and Taku Sakamoto of the User Support Division, Kyoto University Library on Chapter 4. Dr. Masako Okamoto of Center for the Promotion of Excellence in Higher Education, Kyoto University helped us in revision of 2018 Japanese Edition. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the people who supported them

脳卒中片麻痺患者の足関節背屈機能障害に対する視覚性運動錯覚の効果：ABABシングルケースデザイン

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous intervention with the kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation (KiNvis) and voluntary exercise on ankle dorsiflexion dysfunction in a patient with right-sided stroke hemiparesis. Within an ABAB single-case design, we conducted two phases each lasting five days. Phase A represented the baseline during which only voluntary ankle dorsiflexion (VAD) was performed. Phase B involved simultaneous performance of VAD and KiNvis. We measured the angle of ankle joint dorsiflexion (AJD), and the 10 m maximum walking speed (10MWS). AJD and 10MWS were significantly improved in phase B.東京都立大学学位論文甲第1066号副論

Putrescine Importer PlaP Contributes to Swarming Motility and Urothelial Cell Invasion in Proteus mirabilis

Previously, we reported that the speA gene, encoding arginine decarboxylase, is required for swarming in the urinary tract pathogen Proteus mirabilis. In addition, this previous study suggested that putrescine may act as a cell-to-cell signaling molecule (Sturgill, G., and Rather, P. N. (2004) Mol. Microbiol. 51, 437-446). In this new study, PlaP, a putative putrescine importer, was characterized in P. mirabilis. In a wild-type background, a plaP null mutation resulted in a modest swarming defect and slightly decreased levels of intracellular putrescine. In a P. mirabilis speA mutant with greatly reduced levels of intracellular putrescine, plaP was required for the putrescine-dependent rescue of swarming motility. When a speA/plaP double mutant was grown in the presence of extracellular putrescine, the intracellular levels of putrescine were greatly reduced compared with the speA mutant alone, indicating that PlaP functioned as the primary putrescine importer. In urothelial cell invasion assays, a speA mutant exhibited a 50% reduction in invasion when compared with wild type, and this defect could be restored by putrescine in a PlaP-dependent manner. The putrescine analog Triamide-44 partially inhibited the uptake of putrescine by PlaP and decreased both putrescine stimulated swarming and urothelial cell invasion in a speA mutant

Abnormal Vaginal Cytology after Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

To explore the incidence of abnormal vaginal cytology after total laparoscopic hysterectomy for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients treated at NHO Shikoku Cancer Center (Japan) in 2014-2019. The cases of 99 patients who underwent a laparoscopic (n=36) or open (n=63) hysterectomy and postoperative follow-up were examined. Abnormal vaginal cytology was detected in 13.9% (5/36) of the laparoscopic-surgery (LS) group and 14.3% (9/63) of the open-surgery (OS) group. A vaginal biopsy was performed at the physicians’ discretion; one LS patient and six OS patients were diagnosed with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The cumulative incidence of abnormal vaginal cytology at 3 years post-hysterectomy was 21.4% (LS group) and 20.5% (OS group), a nonsignificant difference. A multivariate analysis showed that age > 50 years was the only independent risk factor for abnormal vaginal cytology among the covariates examined including age; body mass index; histories of vaginal delivery, abdominal surgery, and smoking; and surgical approach (hazard ratio 8.11; 95% confidence interval 1.73-37.98; p=0.01). These results suggest that the occurrence of abnormal vaginal cytology after a hysterectomy may not be influenced by the laparoscopic procedure but is associated with older age

シンタイ シッカン オ モツ カンジャ エノ シンリテキ ケア ニツイテ : ニュウインチュウ ノ ステロイド チリョウ カンジャ オ タイショウ トシテ

The purpose of this article was to understand the psychological condition of the adult patient had received the steroid therapy for some diseases in hospital.A psychological factor of six patients was investigated by "Anxiety Cognition related to Sickness Questionnaire" and "General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12"in study 1.In study 2, three patients who had high anxiety cognition and low mental health degree was interviewed by Narrative Approach(NA).As the results of these studies, we presumed that the patients needed some supports according to them,because the patients had high anxiety and stress in hospital.And,it was suggested that the NA interview was effective method for assess patient's psychological side.And the rewriting the patient's story by NA interview could improve patient's mental health

Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice

We recently reported that Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171) inhibited the proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production of primary immune cells in vitro, and alleviated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we newly investigated whether LH2171 could relieve the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease, but develop the symptoms by different mechanisms from RA. In MS and EAE, main cause of the disease is the abnormality in CD4+ T cell immunity, whereas in RA and CIA, is that in antibody-mediated immunity. The intraperitoneal administration of LH2171 significantly decreased the incidence and clinical score of EAE in mice. LH2171 also reduced the numbers of pathogenic immune cells, especially Th17 cells, in the spinal cord at the peak stage of disease severity. Interestingly, before the onset of EAE, LH2171 administration remarkably decreased the ratio of Th17 cells to CD4+ T cells in the inguinal lymph nodes (LNs), where pathogenic immune cells are activated to infiltrate the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, an inflammatory cytokine essential for Th17 differentiation, decreased in the LNs of LH2171-administered mice. Moreover, LH2171 significantly inhibited IL-6 production in vitro from both DC2.4 and RAW264.7 cells, model cell lines of antigen-presenting cells. These findings suggest that LH2171 might down-regulate IL-6 production and the subsequent Th17 differentiation and spinal cord infiltration, consequently alleviating EAE symptoms

足関節の視覚性運動錯覚中に活動する脳領域

Abstract. [Purpose] This study sought to localize the brain activity prompted by visual motor illusion (VMI) of the ankle movement. [Participants and Methods] We randomly applied VMI condition to the left and right lower limbs of 13 healthy subjects. The VMI condition required watching a video to induce VMI; the recording featured an ankle dorsiflexion movement on the non-measuring side in the first-person perspective. The left and right VMI conditions were measured three sets using a rest-task-rest block design using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy - Hb) during rest and task was measured under two conditions. Oxy - Hb of the two conditions were calculated average values of three sets and compared left and right VMI condition. During the VMI condition, a visual analog scale (VAS) was evaluated the degree of kinesthetic illusion. VAS of both VMI condition was compared using t test. [Results] VAS of the left VMI condition was higher when compared with the right VMI condition. In both conditions, oxy - Hb in the premotor area was significantly increased during the VMI condition. [Conclusion] VMI of the ankle movement induces increased oxy - Hb in the premotor area of healthy subjects.東京都立大学学位論文甲第1066号副論

DIÁLOGOS COM OS PROFISSIONAIS DO PROGRAMA SAÚDE NA ESCOLA: POTENCIALIDADES E FRAGILIDADES DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA

O engajamento dos profissionais da saúde e da educação é fundamental na implantação de ações intersetoriais, as quais objetivam na promoção da saúde, na prevenção de agravos à saúde e no empoderamento, auxiliando na formação integral dos discentes. Nesse âmbito, o artigo analisou o envolvimento e conhecimento sobre o Programa Saúde da Escola (PSE), por meio das percepções e experiências de profissionais da saúde e da educação, de um município da região metropolitana de São Paulo, entre novembro de 2016 até março de 2017. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas individuais com 10 profissionais da saúde e 15 educadores, selecionados pelo tempo mínimo de três anos de participação no PSE. Utilizaram-se seis questões abertas que, posteriormente, tiveram suas informações transcritas e examinadas pela análise hermenêutico-dialética. Como resultado, criaram-se três categorias: conhecimento sobre o objeto; o processo de construção das relações intersetoriais na busca pela integralidade e o distanciamento da aproximação com a comunidade. Na primeira, os trabalhadores que atuaram próximos ao coordenador do PSE eram os que conheciam melhor as acepções teórico-práticas do programa. Na segunda, identificou-se o desafio para que o trabalho intersetorial não seja configurado apenas como divisão de tarefas. Na última, a relação com a comunidade ainda era discreta e pautada na obtenção de vantagens. Em suma, existem compreensões distintas sobre o PSE e incertezas sobre reconhecimento e recompensação pelo trabalho executado.  Para auxiliar o programa, foi proposto um encarte para ajudar na elaboração de estratégias que consolidem as ações intersetoriais e o engajamento dos profissionais.Palavras-chave: Serviços de Saúde Escolar. Colaboração Intersetorial. Pesquisa Qualitativa. Planejamento Participativo. Educação em Saúde