First Zoea of a Rare Deep-sea Shrimp Vexillipar repandum Chace, 1988 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae), with Special Reference to Larval Characters of the Family

First zoea of a rare alpheid shrimp Vexillipar repandum Chace, associated with a deep-sea hexactinellid sponge, is described and illustrated based on laboratory-hatched material. The general morphology of the first zoea of V. repandum is similar to those of the previously-known examples of Alpheus. A diagrammatic key for identification of the family among caridean zoeas is proposed

CP-odd WWZ couplings induced by vector-like quarks

A minimal extension of the standard model includes extra quarks with charges 2/3 and/or -1/3, whose left-handed and right-handed components are both SU(2) singlets. This model predicts new interactions of flavor-changing neutral current at the tree level, which also violate CP invariance. We study CP-odd anomalous couplings for the gauge bosons W, W, and Z induced by the new interactions at the one-loop level. These couplings become nonnegligible only if both an up-type and a down-type extra quarks are incorporated. Their form factors are estimated to be maximally of order $10^{-5}$. Such magnitudes are larger than those predicted in the standard model, though smaller than those in certain other models.Comment: 13 pages, 3 Postscript figures, figure sizes change

Speaking anxiety and the effects of previous overseas experience in an English intensive program before study abroad

Many studies on foreign language (FL) anxiety have been conducted, but there are few studies to investigate FL anxiety of university students in Japan who are required to study abroad for a year. This study addressed three questions: (1) what kind of FL anxiety do pre-departure university students in the study abroad program have? (2) does previous overseas experience influence factors of FL anxiety? (3) what variables of FL anxiety, including previous overseas experience, influence L2 speaking proficiencies? A total of 81 Japanese second-year female students participated in this study. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986) was administered to identify FL anxieties of these students. The participants were divided into three groups: those with no experience abroad, those with a short-term experience abroad (less than 6 months), and those with a long-term experience abroad (more than 6 months). The results revealed three factors of FL: Lack of Speaking Confidence (LSC), Classroom Anxiety (CA), and Comparison with Peers (CP). They also clarified that previous overseas experience before enrolling in university contributes only to LSC. Finally, the study found that LSC and CP were predicators of actual speaking proficiency. This study suggests that (1) enhancing self-perception by giving many opportunities to practicing speaking English and (2) making the classroom relationships are important in FL learning

Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Operation Summary

The Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) is a joint U.S. and Japan mission to observe tropical rainfall, which was launched by H-II No. 6 from Tanegashima in Japan at 6:27 JST on November 28, 1997. After the two-month commissioning of TRMM satellite and instruments, the original nominal mission lifetime was three years. In fact, the operations has continued for approximately 17.5 years. This paper provides a summary of the long term operations of TRMM

High abundance ratio of 13^{13}CO to C18^{18}O toward photon-dominated regions in the Orion-A giant molecular cloud

Aims. We derive physical properties such as the optical depths and the column densities of $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O to investigate the relationship between the far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation and the abundance ratios between $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O. Method. We have carried out wide-field (0.4 deg$^2$) observations with an angular resolution of 25.8 arcsec ($\sim$ 0.05 pc) in $^{13}$CO ($J$=1--0) and C$^{18}$O ($J$=1--0) toward the Orion-A giant molecular cloud using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope in the on-the-fly mode. Results. Overall distributions and velocity structures of the $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emissions are similar to those of the $^{12}$CO ($J$=1--0) emission. The optical depths of the $^{13}$CO and C18O emission lines are estimated to be 0.05 $<$ $\tau_{\rm ^{13}CO}$ $<$ 1.54 and 0.01 $<$ $\tau_{\rm C^{18}O}$ $<$ 0.18, respectively. The column densities of the $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emission lines are estimated to be 0.2 $\times$ 10$^{16}$ $<$ $N_{\rm ^{13}CO}$ $<$ 3.7 $\times$ 10$^{17}$ cm$^{-2}$ and 0.4 $\times$ 10$^{15}$ $<$ $N_{\rm C^{18}O}$ $<$ 3.5 $\times$ 10$^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$, respectively. The abundance ratios between $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O, $X_{\rm ^{13}CO}$/$X_{\rm C^{18}O}$, are found to be 5.7 - 33.0. The mean value of $X_{\rm ^{13}CO}$/$X_{\rm C^{18}O}$ in the nearly edge-on photon-dominated regions is found to be 16.47 $\pm$ 0.10, which is a third larger than that the solar system value of 5.5. The mean value of $X_{\rm ^{13}CO}$/$X_{\rm C^{18}O}$ in the other regions is found to be 12.29 $\pm$ 0.02. The difference of the abundance ratio is most likely due to the selective FUV photodissociation of C$^{18}$O.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, Accepted to A&