難聴者において運動経験が情報提示によるリズムに同期したステップ運動の遂行に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of regular, vigorous physical activity on the performance of rhythm-synchronized stepping exercises in individuals with hearing loss. The study involved 58 male participants aged between 20 and 24 years; 23 of them (exercise group 15, general group 8) had hearing loss and 35 (exercise group 24, general group 11) did not. Alternating left and right steps, at a rate of 120/minute, were performed in the absence of cues, or in the presence of visual and visual/auditory cues. The results suggested that exercise group with hearing loss can perform simple, repetitive exercises more accurately than general group with hearing loss when visual cues are presented

Class Practice Research Aimed at Achieving Proactive, Interactive, and Deep Learning in the Junior High School Music Department: From the Perspective of Teaching Methods in Instrumental Ensemble

The purpose of this study was to clarify which teaching method could produce proactive, interactive, and deep learning, during an instrumental ensemble, and to assess the results of implementing such a program. We developed and presented the instrumental ensemble class plan based on the bottom up instruction method at two junior high schools. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and an M-GTA. We found that each student displayed a proactive learning attitude toward the music while maintaining an awareness of their own development areas and growth. Furthermore, the students showed an interactive learning attitude during collaborative activities by watching and listening to others while observing their performance in an effort to improve the quality of music , and learn through the class experience. In addition, we noticed an attitude that promoted deep learning whereby students attempted to solve problems and create music while utilizing what they learned from negative experiences. In addition, the bottom up instruction approach used during instrumental ensemble training was associated with originality, growth and the acceptance and awareness of others

Rapid identification of sound direction in blind footballers

Earlier studies have demonstrated that blind footballers are more accurate in identifying sound direction with less front–back confusion than sighted and blind non-football playing individuals. However, it is unknown whether blind footballers are faster than sighted footballers and nonathletes in identifying sound direction using auditory cues. Here, the present study aimed to investigate the auditory reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy of blind footballers during auditory RT tasks, including the identification of sound direction. Participants executed goal-directed stepping towards the loudspeaker as quickly and accurately as possible after identifying the sound direction. Simple, two-choice, and four-choice auditory RT tasks were completed. The results revealed that blind footballers had shorter RTs than sighted footballers in the choice RT tasks, but not in the simple RT task. These findings suggest that blind footballers are faster in identifying sound direction based on auditory cues, which is an essential perceptual-cognitive skill specific to blind football

Improving Teaching Methods, Student Learning Outcomes, and Curricula through Cross-Phase Teaching in Primary and Junior High School

In order to obtain a certain hint of forming a good cooperation between primary and junior high schools through Cross-Phase Teaching (CPT), it is necessary to verify the effect of CPT. We analyzed our CPT, surveyed the teachers and students by questionnaire, and interviewed the teachers, so that we might verify the effect of the CPT. While verifying, we not only recognized the change of the teachers' mind but also found the concrete way of improving their teaching

Research on Proactive, Interactive, and Deep Learning in Junior High School Music Department: Focusing on the Thinking Process of the Four Extracted Students in Instrumental Ensemble

We investigate the thinking processes of four extracted students as they provide bottom-up-based instructions to achieve proactive, interactive, and deep learning in instrumental ensembles. In addition, we analyze the reflections of the extracted students using SCAT to clarify how they are transforming their thinking and create diagrams to delineate their learning processes. The results showed that the four participants shared the following features. First, they were performing self-regulated learning and searching for the practice method and way of thinking that they needed in frustration, failure, and task awareness. Second, they were able to develop their own awareness (their role, mission in the instrumental ensemble, and so on) through problem-solving and collaborative learning. Third, the significance of instrumental ensemble was considered through problem-solving while using past learning and creating musical expressions. From these results, the bottom-up-based teaching method in instrumental ensemble can be deemed to have the effect of promoting student’s proactive, interactive, and deep learning

Aspectos radiográficos das glândulas salivares maiores na sialografia

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos radiográficos das glândulas salivares maiores na sialografia e seu grau de inflamação com as características individuais dos pacientes. Métodos: Trinta imagens radiográficas de ambas as glândulas parótidas e submandibulares de 25 pacientes submetidos a exames de sialografia foram analisadas retrospectivamente. O teste qui-quadrado foi realizado para correlacionar o grau de inflamação de cada área das glândulas salivares com as variáveis categóricas: sexo, tipo e lado da glândula afetada. A correlação de Pearson foi realizada para correlacionar o grau de inflamação entre o ducto principal e o ducto intraglandular e o parênquima. Resultados: Não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre o grau de inflamação de nenhuma das partes das glândulas salivares e as variáveis categóricas no teste qui-quadrado (p>0,05). O grau de inflamação no ducto principal teve uma fraca correlação com o grau de inflamação no ducto intraglandular (p<0,05). Conclusões: As glândulas salivares afetadas por obstrução ou inflamação não estão significativamente relacionadas ao sexo dos pacientes e nem ao tipo ou lado da glândula afetada. O exame de sialografia demonstrou a delicada anatomia do sistema ductal e permitiu uma visualização precisa dos sialólitos e estenoses, que são duas das causas mais comuns de obstrução, mostrando seu importante papel na avaliação do estado das glândulas salivares.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic aspects of the major salivary glands in sialography and their grade of inflammation with patients’ individual characteristics. Methods: A total of 30 radiographic images of both parotid and submandibular glands from 25 patients, who underwent sialography examinations, were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-squared test was performed to correlate the grade of inflammation of each area of the salivary glands with the categorical variables: sex, type and side of the affected gland. Pearson correlation was performed to correlate the grade of inflammation between the main duct and the intraglandular duct and the parenchyma. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between the grade of inflammation of any of the parts of the salivary glands and the categorical variables in the Chi-squared test (p>0.05). The grade of inflammation in the main duct had a weak correlation with the degree of inflammation in the intraglandular duct (p<0.05). Conclusions: Salivary glands affected by obstruction or inflammation are not significantly related to the sex of patients, not to the type or side of the affected gland. The , but sialography examination demonstrated the delicate anatomy of the ductal system and allowed an accurate visualization of sialoliths and strictures that are two of the most common causes of obstruction, showing its important role in the assessment of salivary gland status