The impact generated by public and charity-funded research in the UK: A systematic literature review

Objective: To identify, synthesize and critically assess the empirical evidence of the impact generated by public and charity funded health research in the United Kingdom. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of the empirical evidence published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and their findings were analysed using the Payback Framework into five main categories: knowledge, benefits to future research and research use, benefits from informing policy and product development, health and health sector benefits and broader economic benefits. We assessed the studies for risk of selection, reporting and funding bias. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies (10 out of 13) assessed impact at multiple domains including the main 5 key themes of the Payback Framework. All of them showed a positive impact of funded research on outcomes. Of those studies, one presented low risk of bias (8%), 6 studies were classified as presenting moderate risk of bias (46%) and 6 studies presented high risk of bias (46%). Conclusions: Empirical evidence on the impact of public and charity funded research is still limited and subject to funding and selection bias. More work is needed to establish the causal effects of funded research on academic outcomes, policy, practice and the broader economy

Burial Depth and Stolon Internode Length Independently Affect Survival of Small Clonal Fragments

Disturbance can fragment plant clones into different sizes and unstabilize soils to different degrees, so that clonal fragments of different sizes can be buried in soils at different depths. As a short-term storage organ, solon internode may help fragmented clones of stoloniferous plants to withstand deeper burial in soils. We address (1) whether burial in soils decreases survival and growth of small clonal fragments, and (2) whether increasing internode length increases survival and growth of small fragments under burial. We conducted an experiment with the stoloniferous, invasive herb Alternanthera philoxeroides, in which single-node fragments with stolon internode of 0, 2, 4 and 8 cm were buried in soils at 0, 2, 4 and 8 cm depth, respectively. Increasing burial depth significantly reduced survival of the A. philoxeroides plants and increased root to shoot ratio and total stolon length, but did not change growth measures. Increasing internode length significantly increased survival and growth measures, but there was no interaction effect with burial depth on any traits measured. These results indicate that reserves stored in stolon internodes can contribute to the fitness of the A. philoxeroides plants subject to disturbance. Although burial reduced the regeneration capacity of the A. philoxeroides plants, the species may maintain the fitness by changing biomass allocation and stolon length once it survived the burial. Such responses may play an important role for A. philoxeroides in establishment and invasiveness in frequently disturbed habitats

The Role of Practice Research Networks (PRN) in the Development and Implementation of Evidence: The Northern Improving Access to Psychological Therapies PRN Case Study

Practice research networks (PRNs) can support the implementation of evidence based practice in routine services and generate practice based evidence. This paper describes the structure, processes and learning from a new PRN in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme in England, in relation to an implementation framework and using one study as a case example. Challenges related to: ethics and governance processes; communications with multiple stakeholders; competing time pressures and linking outcome data. Enablers included: early tangible outputs and impact; a collaborative approach; engaging with local research leads; clarity of processes; effective dissemination; and committed leadership

Découverte d'une petite station mésolithique au nord du village de Champey (Haute-Saône)

Sainty J., Loigerot D. Découverte d'une petite station mésolithique au nord du village de Champey (Haute-Saône). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. Comptes rendus des séances mensuelles, tome 66, n°6, 1969. pp. 186-187

Prise en charge des troubles trophiques du pied diabétique par l'unité de soins hyperbares au CHSR [Centre Hospitalier Sud] de la Réunion

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSAINT DENIS/REUNION-Droit Lettre (974112101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Corporate purpose as a signalling mechanism to facilitate and guide stakeholder governance

There are strong indications that acceptance of the shareholder primacy view of the corporation is on the decline and a stakeholder theory approach to corporate governance is becoming more mainstream. Yet we have very little idea on how stakeholder governance can be achieved in practice, nor how it might be understood theoretically. Certified B Corps are at the front of this movement with their commitment to achieving both profit and a positive impact on society and the environment. Through interviews with 18 B Corp leaders in Australia and New Zealand we explore emerging theories of stakeholder governance and how it interacts with corporate purpose. We use signalling theory to understand stakeholder governance as a proactive process of communication of priorities rather than a reactive process of stakeholder management. We find that an organisation-specific corporate purpose acts as a signal to pre-empt and prevent stakeholder conflicts. A unique corporate purpose makes conflicts less likely but also provides an ethical compass for decision-making in situations where conflict is unavoidable. Together, corporate purpose and a commitment to stakeholder governance raise the legitimacy of non-shareholder stakeholders and increase their relative salience