Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Glipizide (Anti diabetic drug) Liposphere

Objective- The aim of the present study was to formulate and in- vitro study of glipizide liposphere by using melt dispersion technique. Methods- Glipizide Liposphere system composed of paraffin wax, Stearic acid as lipid phase and sodium lauryl sulphate as surfactant. Glipizide lipospheres were prepared by using melt dispersion technique. Formulation of Glipizide was evaluated such as organoleptic properties, particle size, drug content, entrapment efficiency in-vitro study and stability of the lipospheres. Result- The formation of glipizide lipospheres by using melt dispersion technique was done successfully. All the formulations have off- white in colour, characteristic odour and spherical shape. The formulation A4 has particle size 19.65 μm, drug content 84.93 %, entrapment efficiency 80.75 % and the percentage drug release was carried out by using USP type 2 dissolution apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer solution and drug release of glipizide lipospheres within 12 hrs was found to be 74.06 %.stability study of glipizide lipospheres revealed that the formulation was stable at 5oC ± 3oC. Keywords- Lipospheres, Glipizide, Paraffin wax, Melt dispersion method, Dissolution Apparatus, Stability stud

Association between different degrees of hypothyroidism and serum lipids

The association between overt hypothyroidism (OH) and altered lipid profile is well known, however the significance of dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) remain controversial. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine any association between lipid profile and different degrees of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid and lipid profile parameters were analysed in 58 patients with overt (TSH ≥ 10.0 μIU/L and/or abnormally low fT4 and fT3 levels) and 87 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 6.0-9.9 μIU/L with normal fT4 and fT3 levels) in this case-control study. These were compared with 100 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. It was found that only mean serum level of total cholesterol in patients with SCH was significantly high from that in controls (p=0.045). Other lipid parameters did not show any statistical significance. Whereas patients with OH had statistically significant higher levels of total cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.05), LDL-C (p<0.001) and VLDL-C (p<0.05). There was also an increase in HDL-C in both SCH and OH group though not significant statistically. In conclusion, lipid profile is not much deranged in SCH whereas OH is a major cause of secondary dyslipidemia which may lead to increased risk of coronary artery disease. Therefore, thyroid hormone replacement would be most beneficial in patients with OH instead of SCH. However, patients with SCH should be monitored for deterioration of thyroid function and dyslipidemia at regular intervals.Keywords: Cholesterol; Dyslipidemia; HDL cholesterol; Hypothyroidism; SubclinicalInternet Journal of Medical Update 2012 July;7(2):3-

Influence of thyroid hormones on biochemical parameters of liver function: a case-control study in North Indian population

Normal level of thyroid hormones is important for normal hepatic function and thyroid dysfunction may modulate metabolic function of liver. The purpose of this study is to determine whether liver function is associated with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid and liver function tests were evaluated in 47 patients with overt (TSH ≥10.0 mIU/L) and 77 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 6.0-9.9mIU/L) and compared with 120 age-matched euthyroid controls. Subjects with overt hypothyroidism had significantly raised serum ALT, AST, ALP and total protein levels as compared to controls whereas subclinical hypothyroid patients had significantly increased levels of serum ALT, ALP and total protein. Further, TSH showed significant positive correlation with AST and ALP values whereas fT3 and fT4 had a negative correlation with AST in overt hypothyroidism. Thus, overt hypothyroid state is associated with significant derangement in biochemical parameters of liver function. Hence, liver function should be regularly monitored in hypothyroid patients

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE 2-METHYL BENZIMIDAZOLE

2-methyl benzimidazole is a heterocyclic organic compound having an important pharmacophoric group which is used in medicinal industry. o- Phenyldiamine was treated with acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid and other solvents. The presence of specific group was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The obtaining compound was screened by the antioxidant activity by using the DPPH method. Key words- 2- methyl benzimidazole, o- phenyldiamine, antioxidant activity, DPPH method

Point Prevalence of Indwelling Catheterized Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital and Related Nursing Care Practices

Urinary catheterization facilitates the drainage of urinary bladder. The current study was carried out to assess the point prevalence of indwelling catheterized patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital and to assess the related practices of nurses. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Sampling technique was purposive. Survey of all the admitted patients was carried out in a single day to assess the point prevalence of catheterized patients. Tools for data collection comprised of sociodemographic profile and clinical profile of the catheterized patients. A checklist was used to assess the self-expressed practices of nurses regarding insertion, care and removal of catheter. The total number of admitted patients on the day of survey was 1718. 317 (18.5%) patients were found to be catheterized. Majority of the patients were in Intensive Care Unit followed by Emergency areas and were suffering from neurological disorders. Most of the self-expressed practices of nurses regarding catheterization were adequate other than documentation of the procedure; providing perineal care at the time of catheterization, catheter care and removing the catheter; and clamping the catheter before its removal.

Käyttäjäkokemukset kotiin toimitettavista ateriapalveluista Vantaalla

Vantaan kaupunki ja Menumat Oy ovat solmineet määräaikaisen yhteistyösopimuksen kotiin toimitettavista ateriapalveluista. Kyseessä on ensimmäinen kerta kun Vantaan oman ateriapalvelun tuottajan, Vantin, rinnalle otetaan vaihtoehtoinen palvelun tuottaja. Tämä opinnäytetyö toteutettiin Vantaan kaupungin ja Menumat Oy:n toimeksiannon pohjalta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus oli vertailla Menumatin ja Vantin asiakkaiden käyttäjäkokemuksia kotiin kuljetettavista ateriapalveluista. Työn tavoitteena oli saada kattava kuvaus asiakkaiden tyytyväisyydestä ateriapalveluista. Työssä selvitettiin myös mitkä tekijät ateriapalveluissa vaikuttavat asiakkaiden elämänlaatuun. Kohderyhmänä ovat Vantaan kotihoidon asiakkaat joilla on kokemusta sekä Vantin että Menumatin palveluista. Opinnäytetyön teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu käyttäjäkokemuksesta, hyvinvointiteknologiasta, ateriapalveluista ja valinnanvapaudesta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä tässä laadullisessa tutkimuksessa käytettiin teemahaastattelua. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui kahdesta asiantuntijan haastattelusta ja kymmenen asiakkaan haastattelusta. Tutkimustuloksista selviää, että asiakkaat arvostavat maukasta ruokaa, jonka saavat itse valita. Vantin päivittäistä ateriantoimitusta pidettiin arvossa sen tuoman sosiaalisen kontaktin vuoksi, vaikka samalla se sitoi asiakkaan kotiin odottamaan ruokaa määrättyyn kellonaikaan. Menumatin palvelukonseptiin kuuluvaa ateriapalvelulaitetta pidettiin hyvänä ja turvallisena ratkaisuna. Asiakkaat olivat pääsääntöisesti tyytyväisempiä Menumatin kokonaispalveluun ja palvelun toivottiin jatkuvan kokeilujakson jälkeen. Käyttäjäkokemusten perusteella muodostettiin kehitysehdotuksia ateriapalvelun tuottajille. Etenkin ruon maku, mutta myös asiakkaiden yksilöllisyys, valinnanvapaus ja sosiaaliset tarpeet tulisi huomioida ateriapalveluissa. Kotiin vietävien palveluiden on tarkoitus tukea ikäihmisten voimavaroja.City of Vantaa and Menumat have made a temporary agreement on home delivered food services for elderly people. It is the first time that Vantaa has utilised the services of an alternative provider in addition to its regular caterer, Vantti. This Bachelor thesis was commissioned by City of Vantaa and Menumat. The purpose of this thesis is to compare Menumat’s and Vantti’s customer experience of home delivered food services. The objective of this study is to get a full picture of the customer’s satisfaction with the food services. This study also answers questions of what are the main factors of food services that affect customer’s life. The target group consists of Vantaa’s home care customers, who have customer experience of Menumat and Vantti. The theoretical background of the thesis examines customer experience, well-being technology, food services and free choice. The qualitative method was applied in this research as a theme interview. The survey was conducted with two expert interviews and ten customer interviews. The results show that a customer appreciates tasty food, which is chosen by them. Vantti’s daily food delivery gives importance because of social contact, even if it ties one to stay at home to wait for food at a particular time. The Customers were in general more satisfied with Menumat’s services and wished if possible to continue after the trial period. Improvement suggestions were made for the company on the basis of the customer experience in this study. In addition to the taste of the food, the customer’s loneliness, free choice and social contacts should also be taken into account in home delivered food services. Home delivered food services should support aged persons resources

Käyttäjäkokemukset kotiin toimitettavista ateripalveluista Vantaalla

Vantaan kaupunki ja Menumat Oy ovat solmineet määräaikaisen yhteistyösopimuksen kotiin toimitettavista ateriapalveluista. Kyseessä on ensimmäinen kerta kun Vantaan oman ateriapalvelun tuottajan, Vantin, rinnalle otetaan vaihtoehtoinen palvelun tuottaja. Tämä opinnäytetyö toteutettiin Vantaan kaupungin ja Menumat Oy:n toimeksiannon pohjalta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus oli vertailla Menumatin ja Vantin asiakkaiden käyttäjäkokemuksia kotiin kuljetettavista ateriapalveluista. Työn tavoitteena oli saada kattava kuvaus asiakkaiden tyytyväisyydestä ateriapalveluista. Työssä selvitettiin myös mitkä tekijät ateriapalveluissa vaikuttavat asiakkaiden elämänlaatuun. Kohderyhmänä ovat Vantaan kotihoidon asiakkaat joilla on kokemusta sekä Vantin että Menumatin palveluista. Opinnäytetyön teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu käyttäjäkokemuksesta, hyvinvointiteknologiasta, ateriapalveluista ja valinnanvapaudesta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä tässä laadullisessa tutkimuksessa käytettiin teemahaastattelua. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui kahdesta asiantuntijan haastattelusta ja kymmenen asiakkaan haastattelusta. Tutkimustuloksista selviää, että asiakkaat arvostavat maukasta ruokaa, jonka saavat itse valita. Vantin päivittäistä ateriantoimitusta pidettiin arvossa sen tuoman sosiaalisen kontaktin vuoksi, vaikka samalla se sitoi asiakkaan kotiin odottamaan ruokaa määrättyyn kellonaikaan. Menumatin palvelukonseptiin kuuluvaa ateriapalvelulaitetta pidettiin hyvänä ja turvallisena ratkaisuna. Asiakkaat olivat pääsääntöisesti tyytyväisempiä Menumatin kokonaispalveluun ja palvelun toivottiin jatkuvan kokeilujakson jälkeen. Käyttäjäkokemusten perusteella muodostettiin kehitysehdotuksia ateriapalvelun tuottajille. Etenkin ruon maku, mutta myös asiakkaiden yksilöllisyys, valinnanvapaus ja sosiaaliset tarpeet tulisi huomioida ateriapalveluissa. Kotiin vietävien palveluiden on tarkoitus tukea ikäihmisten voimavaroja.City of Vantaa and Menumat have made a temporary agreement on home delivered food services for elderly people. It is the first time that Vantaa has utilised the services of an alternative provider in addition to its regular caterer, Vantti. This Bachelor thesis was commissioned by City of Vantaa and Menumat. The purpose of this thesis is to compare Menumat’s and Vantti’s customer experience of home delivered food services. The objective of this study is to get a full picture of the customer’s satisfaction with the food services. This study also answers questions of what are the main factors of food services that affect customer’s life. The target group consists of Vantaa’s home care customers, who have customer experience of Menumat and Vantti. The theoretical background of the thesis examines customer experience, well-being technology, food services and free choice. The qualitative method was applied in this research as a theme interview. The survey was conducted with two expert interviews and ten customer interviews. The results show that a customer appreciates tasty food, which is chosen by them. Vantti’s daily food delivery gives importance because of social contact, even if it ties one to stay at home to wait for food at a particular time. The Customers were in general more satisfied with Menumat’s services and wished if possible to continue after the trial period. Improvement suggestions were made for the company on the basis of the customer experience in this study. In addition to the taste of the food, the customer’s loneliness, free choice and social contacts should also be taken into account in home delivered food services. Home delivered food services should support aged persons resources

An Ayurvedic & Contemporary Perspective on a Comprehensive Appraisal of Ageing

As well as being a Swabhavaja Vyadhi (natural sickness), Avurveda has seen Jara or Vardhakya as a natural and unavoidable process. When an organ of a different system begins to degenerated and lose its anatomical and physiological capabilities over time, it is said to be ageing. This process can occur in a cell, an organ, or the entire organism. Shareera (physical), Indriya (emotional), Satwa (psychological level), Agni (metabolism), Bala and Ojas etc. are influencing factors for Jara (ageing). The final stage of life is called Vriddhavastha (Jara). During this phase, every aspect of the body begins to degenerate, including the Dhatu (different anatomical tissues), the Indriya (sensory and motor organ), the ability to perceive, the power of speech, the power of the body, and numerous mental and cognitive functions (such as memory, intellect, reception, retention, analytic ability, etc). The Vayu dosha predominates throughout this phase (one of the three physiological body factors). The most noticeable physical changes at this time include ageing skin, greying hair, baldness, and a decline in physical stamina. Loss of muscle compactness, joint looseness, vitiation of Rakta (blood), excessive production of Meda (fatty tissue), failure of Majja (marrow) accumulation in bone, failure of production of Shukra (semen), and loss of Ojas component are examples of these pathological alterations. This article is made to explore the physiological changes during Aging

Synthesis and biological evaluation some new of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin derivative

7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin derivatives were synthesized. The title compounds (M1-M5) were obtained by the reaction of7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin with ethyl chloroacetate in the presence of potassium carbonate in acetone afforded ethyl-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetate, which react with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetohydrazide, on further reaction with various acetophenones in the presence of glacial acetic acidin absolute alcohol gave 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)-N’-substituted acetohydrazides (M1-M5). The structures oftarget compounds (M1-M5) were established on the basis of infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. Targetcompounds (M1-M5) were screened for their antimicrobial activity and showing significant antimicrobial activity as comparedto standard drug