A Security Cost Modelling Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are formed through interconnected components capable of computation, communication, sensing and changing the physical world. The development of these systems poses a significant challenge since they have to be designed in a way to ensure cyber-security without impacting their performance. This article presents the Security Cost Modelling Framework (SCMF) and shows supported by an experimental study how it can be used to measure, normalise and aggregate the overall performance of a CPS. Unlike previous studies, our approach uses different metrics to measure the overall performance of a CPS and provides a methodology for normalising the measurement results of different units to a common Cost Unit. Moreover, we show how the Security Costs can be extracted from the overall performance measurements which allows to quantify the overhead imposed by performing security-related tasks. Furthermore, we describe the architecture of our experimental testbed and demonstrate the applicability of SCMF in an experimental study. Our results show that measuring the overall performance and extracting the security costs using SCMF can serve as basis to redesign interactions to achieve the same overall goal at less costs

Analysing Design Approaches for the Power Consumption in Cyber-Physical Systems

The importance of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications is constantly increasing, especially in the context of Industry 4.0. Architectural decisions are crucial not just for performance, security and resilience reasons but also regarding costs and resource usage. In this paper we analyse two of the fundamental approaches to design control loops (i.e. time-driven and event-driven), show how they can be realised and evaluate their power requirements. Through this the design criteria can be extended also considering the optimization of energy related aspects

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

In order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document.Comment: v3: fixed spelling of two author

Analysis of the Economical Impact by Introducing a new Indoor Farming System

Science.Research.Pannonia. 25At a time when food procurement, food shortage, the stagnation in available arable land and rising population numbers are rising at an alarming rate, the importance of indoor farming is increasing. Indoor farming is an approach that allows fruits and vegetables to grow food in halls in racks, which gave birth to the term vertical farming. Vertical agriculture allows the optimization of food production by setting up adapted parameters in such a hall, thereby manipulating and boosting plant growth. However, since the necessary conditions for the growth can only be perfectly regulated for one type of plant per hall, it was considered to reduce the size of this unit and to design a box that provides the same functionality. In this paper I present a first prototype, which was designed as a Cyber Physical System (CPS), including power measurements of the included components. Furthermore, it demonstrates an economic approach for establishing this box in the Austrian economy based on a use case, followed by the advantages and disadvantages this change would entail. Finally, a calculation of expected costs in the first five years is presented.Informationstechnologie und Informationsmanagemen

Monoclonal antibodies against the human somatostatin receptor subtypes 1–5: Development and immunohistochemical application in neuroendocrine tumors

Activation of somatostatin receptors (sstr1–5) by somatostatin and its analogues exerts an inhibitory effect on hormone secretion and provides the basis for the treatment of a range of endocrine diseases, such as acromegaly, Cushing’s disease and neuroendocrine tumors (NET). The lack of well characterized commercially available sstr subtype-specific antibodies, however, has prevented a routine expression profile of sstrs in patients. To address this need, we generated and characterized new mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the five human sstr subtypes. All mAbs were tested intensively by ELISA and immunohistochemistry for specificity and were found to selectively recognize their cognate receptor subtype with no cross-reactivity. The suitability of the mAbs to investigate sstrs expression in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues was then demonstrated by staining archival samples of normal pancreatic tissue and NET. The expression profile of sstr1–5 using these mAbs was analyzed using tissue microarray technology in a series of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (n=67) and correlated with clinicopathologic data. With the exception of sstr3, all receptor subtypes were expressed in NET (54%, 83%, 0%, 54% and 63% of tumors were positive for sstr1, sstr2a, sstr3, sstr4 and sstr5, respectively), with sstr1, sstr2a and sstr5 being present both at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Protein levels of sstr1, sstr2a and sstr4 tended to decrease as tumor aggressiveness increased, while sstr5 showed an opposite pattern, with higher expression in well differentiated carcinomas compared with well differentiated tumors. Similarly, a correlation between sstr5 expression and the presence of metastases and angioinvasion was demonstrated, suggesting the possible involvement of this specific receptor subtype in more aggressive behavior in NET. Further data are required to confirm this hypothesis. We conclude that determination of the sstr1–5 expression profile by immunohistochemistry using subtype-specific mAbs is feasible in FFPE tissue. This finding suggests new opportunities to explore the significance of sstr expression in the development and progression of NET providing a tool for routine clinical practice

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

In order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

International audienceIn order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

International audienceIn order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

International audienceIn order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document

Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

International audienceIn order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^+e^-$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document