Biochemical characterization of defense responses in rose genotypes in response to artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae

Resistance responses in the leaves of eight rose genotypes, Knock Out (highly resistant), Arka Nishkant (moderately resistant), R. multiflora (highly susceptible), Arka Swadesh (highly susceptible), IIHRR 13-4 (susceptible), Arka Parimala (susceptible), R. indica (susceptible) and IIHRR 4-15-12 (moderately susceptible), exhibiting varied levels of resistance against black spot were investigated post artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen, Diplocarpon rosae. There was consistent increase in the activities of defense related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and other defense related secondary metabolites like phenols and flavonoids at different phases of black spot progression and increase was high in resistant genotypes Knock Out and Arka Nishkant. The peak activity of defense enzymes and high concentration of other metabolites was witnessed during early stages of infection in the resistant genotypes while it was during later phase in the susceptible genotypes. These results suggested that the faster and stronger activation of defense system is associated with the resistance against black spotin the rose genotypes

Critical assessment of the efficiency of chitosan biohydrogel beads as recyclable and heterogeneous organocatalyst for C–C bond formation

The effectiveness of neutral pH chitosan hydrogel beads (CSHB) as a green organocatalyst for a variety of C–C bond forming reactions (i.e. aldol reaction, Knoevenagel condensation, nitroaldol (Henry) reaction, Michael addition) has been comprehensively evaluated. Reaction rates, conversions and selectivities were studied as a function of a series of input variables including size, pH and reactive surface area of the beads, catalyst loading, temperature, molecular weight of the biopolymer, concentration, solvent system and molar ratio of reactants. Moreover, the catalytic biohydrogel beads were characterized by a variety of techniques including, among others, SEM, FT-IR, TGA and DSC

Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute Gradients

We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which generates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical reactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the poles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to classical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity of such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the velocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the particle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the chemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for a needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in experimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the general solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes very large, respectively.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in European Physical Journal

Correction: Maturation of three-dimensional, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte spheroids utilizing cyclic, uniaxial stretch and electrical stimulation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219442.]

Copper-Catalyzed Activation of α‑Amino Peroxy and Hydroxy Intermediates to Iminium Ion Precursor: An Access to C4-Substituted 3,4-Dihydroquinazolines via Oxidative Cross Coupling Strategy

A simple and straightforward approach to access C4-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinazolines has been achieved, where copper-catalyzed activation of α-amino peroxide and hydroxide intermediates to iminium ion precursors has been realized as an important step. Reactions of these intermediates with alkynes, indoles, pyrrole, and silylenol ether afforded the structurally diverse C4-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives in good yields

Epoxidation of styrene over MgO-rice derived carbon composite catalyst prepared by <em>in situ</em> transformation technique

1106-1111With a view to develop eco-friendly and metal-free catalysts, herein we report MgO-rice derived carbon composite for epoxidation of styrene to styrene epoxide. MgO-C catalysts prepared via in situ transformation technique are characterized by powder XRD, BET-surface area, Raman spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, CHNS analysis and TGA techniques. Under optimized reaction conditions, MgO-C0.5 catalyst efficiently catalyzed the reaction with 84% conversion of styrene yielding 82% selectivity to styrene epoxide. The characterization results suggest that the catalytic activity is attributed to the presence of well dispersed accessible basic sites obtained through in situ dispersion of MgO over rice derived carbon. MgO-C0.5 catalyst is recyclable up to four cycles without significant loss in the activity and selectivity

Epoxidation of Styrene over Rice derived Carbon as support for MgO prepared via in-situ transformation technique: Characterization and evaluation

With a view to develop eco-friendly and metal-free catalysts, herein we report MgO-rice derived carbon composite for epoxidation of styrene to styrene epoxide. MgO-C catalysts prepared via in situ transformation technique are characterized by powder XRD, BET-surface area, Raman spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, CHNS analysis and TGA techniques. Under optimized reaction conditions, MgO-C0.5 catalyst efficiently catalyzed the reaction with 84% conversion of styrene yielding 82% selectivity to styrene epoxide. The characterization results suggest that the catalytic activity is attributed to the presence of well dispersed accessible basic sites obtained through in situ dispersion of MgO over rice derived carbon. MgO-C0.5 catalyst is recyclable up to four cycles without significant loss in the activity and selectivity