El efecto protector del ácido p-cumárico sobre la hepatotoxicidad, nefrotoxicidad y neurotoxicidad inducidas por tolueno en ratas

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley male rats, 8 in each group, were used. 4 groups were formed as control, toluene, p-CA and toluene+p-CA. Animals in the control group, toluene group and p-CA group were given 0.9% NaCl, 0.9 mg/kg b.w toluene and 100 mg/kg b.w p-CA orally for 21 days, respectively. The animals in toluene+p-CA group were received p-CA for 3 days and from day 4, toluene and p-CA were applied together daily until day 25. On the 25th day, the study was terminated, blood and tissue samples were collected. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels in serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the tissue samples were determined. Results. In this study, it was determined that there were significant increases in ALT and AST activities, and creatinine levels in toluene-induced group compared to control group. Moreover, there was a decrease in the GSH-Px activities and GSH levels, and an increase in the MDA levels compared to the control group. However, in the toluene+p-CA group, significant decreases in aminotransferases activities, creatinine and MDA levels, and significant increases in GSH-Px activities and GSH levels were determined compared to the toluene group. Conclusions. It has been determined that p-CA has a protective effect against toluene-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el efecto protector del ácido p-cumárico (p-CA) contra la hepatotoxicidad, nefrotoxicidad y neurotoxicidad inducida por tolueno en ratas. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron un total de 32 ratas macho Sprague-Dawley, 8 en cada grupo. Se formaron 4 grupos: el de control, tolueno, p-CA y tolueno + p-CA. Los animales del grupo de control, el grupo de tolueno y el grupo de p-CA recibieron NaCl al 0.9%, 0.9 mg/kg de peso corporal de tolueno y 100 mg/kg de peso corporal de p-CA por vía oral durante 21 días, respectivamente. Resultados. En este estudio, se determinó que hubo aumentos significativos en las actividades de ALT y AST, y los niveles de creatinina en el grupo inducido por tolueno en comparación con el grupo de control. Además, hubo una disminución en las actividades de GSH-Px y los niveles de GSH, y un aumento en los niveles de MDA en comparación con el grupo de control. Sin embargo, en el grupo de tolueno + p-CA, se observaron disminuciones significativas en las actividades de las aminotransferasas, niveles de creatinina y MDA, y aumentos significativos en las actividades de GSH-Px y los niveles de GSH en comparación con el grupo de tolueno. Conclusiones. Se ha determinado que el p-CA tiene un efecto protector contra la hepatotoxicidad, nefrotoxicidad y neurotoxicidad inducidas por el tolueno

The effects of deltamethrin on some serum biochemical parameters in mice

Sixty white male mice were used in this stud:. Three groups, each comprising 20 mice were established. The control group (Group 1) was provided ad libitum pellet feed. Oil the other hand, the experimental groups, namely, Groups 2 and 3 were given pellet feed containing deltamethrin throughout the day, so that the animals were administered doses of 7.5 and 30 mg/kg/body weight/day, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all groups on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days of the experiment for measurement of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alcaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase and cholinesterase activities, and levels of glucose, Urea, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, phosphor, sodium, potassium, and chloride. According to data obtained, on the l5th day of the study, compared to the control group, statistically significant increase in urea, cholesterol, ALP, cholinesterase, calcium, and potassium levels/activities, and significant decrease in SGOT activity and chloride levels in Group 2, and significant increase in cholesterol, ALP, cholinesterase, calcium, potassium and chloride levels/activities in Group 3, and significant decrease in SGOT activity in Group 3 were determined. On the 30th day of the Study, in comparison to the control group, triglyceride and cholesterol levels and ALP activity were determined to be significantly increased in the Group 2, whereas SGOT activity were significantly reduced in Group 2, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels were demonstrated to be significantly increased and SGOT activity was significantly reduced in Group 3. On the 45th day of the study, compared to the controls, significant increase in cholesterol and sodium levels, and significant decrease in triglyceride levels and ALP activity in Group 2, significant increase in creatinine, cholesterol and sodium levels and cholinesterase activity, and significant decrease in glucose, SGPT, ALP and phosphor levels/activities were detected in Group 3. On the 60th day, in other words, in the last period of the study, ALP activity, and triglyceride, calcium, and phosphor levels were determined to be significantly increased and significant decrease in amylase activity in Group 2. Furthermore, significant increase in triglyceride, ALP, amylase, calcium, phosphor, and potassium levels/activities, and significant decrease in glucose and creatinine levels were observed in Group 3. However no correlation was determined to exist between the changes were found to be statistically significant, and the administration dose and duration of deltamethrin in all periods and groups. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The effects of an electromagnetic field (60-90 Hz and 5 mT) on blood electrolyte levels in diurnal rhythm

In this study, 120 British male mice, weighing 35-40 g, and 5 months old were used. Three groups, one control (Group 1) and two experimental (Groups II and III), were formed. One experimental group (Group II) received 60 Hz and 5 mT, while the other (Group III) received 90 Hz frequency and 5 mT magnetic flux density efficacy electromagnetic field (EMF), between 9(00) and 17(00). During this period, blood was taken every hour and blood electrolyte levels (Ca++, P+++, Na+, K+, Cl-) were evaluated. In conclusion, in almost all periods and groups only sodium and calcium levels showed a steady decrease, while potassium levels increased when compared to the control group. However, these changes were not significant in most periods (p > 0.05)

The effects of aflatoxins on oxidative stress in broiler chickens

Sixty 1-day-old male Ross-PM3 broiler chickens were used in this study. The chickens were divided into 5 groups, including one control and 4 experimental. The control group was fed commercial broiler feed free from aflatoxin (AF), whereas the experimental groups, namely, groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were given feed containing, respectively, 0.05 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm of AF (approximately, 81.30% AF B-1, 10.40% AF B-2, 5.75% AF G(1) and 2.55% AF G(2)) for 45 days. Blood samples were collected on days 15, 30 and 45 of the study. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes were determined. The results of this study revealed a significant decline in comparison to the control group with respect to SOD activity on days 30 and 45 in groups 4 and 5, GSH-Px activity on day 30 in group 5 and day 45 in groups 4 and 5. CAT activity on day 45 in group 5 and G6PD activity on day 45 in group 5, and a significant increase in the level of MDA in group 5. Therefore it was concluded that long-term (30 and 45 days) administration of AF at high doses (0.5-1.0 ppm) caused lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. Certain significant statistical changes that occurred on day 30 in SOD and GSH-Px activities, and on day 45 in primarily SOD and GSH-Px (for groups 4 and 5) and secondly (for group 5) in all enzyme activities and MDA levels are supportive of this hypothesis. Furthermore, it has been understood that the most sensitive parameters utilised in determination of lipid peroxidation may include SOD, GSH-Px and MDA, and these parameters may prove to be significant with regard to the assessment of the severity of aflatoxicosis in poultry naturally intoxicated with AF, implementation of precautions taken against AF intoxication and the evaluation of such practices with regard to success

Effects of short-term exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field on some biochemical parameters in mice

57-59Five-months-old male albino mice were subjected to an electromagnetic field (EMF) of 5 mT of magni-tude with a frequency of 60 Hz for 8hr of single application. Analysis of blood sampled on hourly basis (up to 8 hr) for levels/activities of total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) from that of the control group

The occurrence and levels of cyanotoxin nodularin from Nodularia spumigena in the alkaline and salty Lake Burdur, Turkey

The occurrence of cyanobacteria species Nodularia spumigena and its toxin nodularin were studied in Burdur Lake, a saline alkaline lake with endemic fauna and a Ramsar site of ornithological importance. The water samples were collected from three different locations of Lake Burdur between May and November of 2011. Abundance of Nodularia spumigena and the nodularin levels peaked at the end of July (112,147 cells mL-1 and 4.82 µg L-1), coinciding with the highest levels of chlorophyll a (Chl a) (27.15 µg L-1) and the water temperature (29oC). Although fish or other animal deaths were not detected during the episodes, it is concluded that N. spumigena blooming should be monitored in Burdur Lake for the ecosystem and environmental health. </p

Survey of aflatoxin residue in feed and milk samples in Kirikkale province, Turkey

WOS: 000425921400013In this study total aflatoxin (AF) and aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) contamination in feed and milk samples obtained from the dairy cow farms in Kirikkale region were studied. A total of 154 dairy cow feed and 154 raw milk samples were obtained from the villages (Delice, Keskin, Sulakyurt, Bahsili, Yahsihan, Celebi, Karakecili, Baliseyh) and central of Kirikkale province, Turkey, between the years June 2012-August 2013. The quantitative analysis of total AF and AFM(1) in the collected samples were carried out using an enzyme-linked-immunoassay (ELISA) with commercial kits (HELICA biosystems inc.). Total AF was detected in all feed samples and also AFM(1) contamination was found in all of the milk samples. In 5 of 154 feed samples the total AF's were above 20 mu g/kg. In none of the milk samples AF was above the legal limit. The mean AF residue level for concentrated feed was 6.43 +/- 7.01 mu g/kg, and ranged from 0.20 mu g/kg to 28.80 mu g/kg. The mean AFM(1) residue for milk samples was 1.73 +/- 2.20 ng/L, and ranged from 0.08 ng/L to 10.11 ng/L. In conclusion although all of the milk samples were contaminated with AFM(1), the amounts were within the legal limits that are allowed in milk. On the other hand in 3.25% of the feed samples, total AF was above 20 mu g/kg. The occurrence of AFM(1) may not be considered as a possible risk for public health. Strategies and monitoring programs to prevent aflatoxin contamination is recommended.Kirikkale University SRP Coordination Unit [2011/41]This study is supported by the Kirikkale University SRP Coordination Unit Project No: 2011/41

Effects of aflatoxin and sodium bentonite administered in feed alone or combined on lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys of broilers

One-day-old Avian breed broiler chicks were divided into 6 equal groups, consisting of 12 chicks in each. While group 1 was kept as a control groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were receiving for 45 d feed with addition of: sodium bentonite 2.5 g/kg; sodium bentonite 5.0 g/kg; aflatoxin 1 ppm (approximately 85%, 10%, 3% and 2% for AF B-1, B-2, G(1) and G,, respectively); sodium bentonite 2.5 g/kg + aflatoxin 1 ppm and sodium bentonite 5.0 g/kg + aflatoxin 1 ppm, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the chicks were sacrificed and their liver and kidneys were removed. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and lipid peroxide (LPO) level were examined in both organs. According to the obtained data, the significant decreases in the GPx and CAT activities and significant increase in LPO level were detected in the liver tissues of groups 4, 5 and 6 compared to the control. The significant increase in LPO level in kidney tissues was found only in the groups 4, 5 and 6 compared to the control