Características lexicas dos subdialectos cristãos do tatar

This article is devoted to lexical peculiarity study of baptized Tatar (Kryashens) dialects, an ethnoconfessional group of Tatars in the Volga and Ural regions living in the Republic of Tatarstan and neighboring republics and regions. Within the framework of lexical features, they analyzed the Turkic words that were outdated for the modern Tatar language, as well as the borrowings that took place in the dialects. The vocabulary of Kryashen dialects basically coincides with the common Tatar vocabulary, however there are specific features that distinguish these dialects from the Tatar literary language and its dialects. The presence of these features is conditioned by the relatively isolated development of the Kryashens from other ethnographic groups of the Tatar people. A rather large place in the dialects is occupied by words that occur in ancient Turkic language and in a number of modern Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages, for example: arıw / aru - 'saint; good; clean', ardaqlı - 'esteemed', küz - 'burning coal, fire', pıçu/peçü - 'to cut', etc. The work also examines the borrowings, most of which are Russian words, and Arab-Persian, Chuvash and Udmurt borrowings are used less. Examples are given for each group and the features of their application are determined.Este artículo está dedicado al estudio de la peculiaridad léxica de los dialectos tártaros bautizados (Kryashens), un grupo etnoconfesional de tártaros en las regiones del Volga y los Urales que viven en la República de Tatarstán y en las repúblicas y regiones vecinas. En el marco de las características léxicas, se analizaron las palabras turcas que estaban desactualizadas para la lengua tártara moderna, así como los préstamos que tuvieron lugar en los dialectos. El vocabulario de los dialectos de Kryashen básicamente coincide con el vocabulario tártaro común, sin embargo, hay características específicas que distinguen a estos dialectos del lenguaje literario tártaro y sus dialectos. La presencia de estas características está condicionada por el desarrollo relativamente aislado de los Kryashens de otros grupos etnográficos del pueblo tártaro. Un lugar bastante grande en los dialectos está ocupado por palabras que ocurren en la lengua turca antigua y en varias lenguas turcas y finouguras modernas, por ejemplo: arıw / aru - 'saint; bueno; clean ', ardaqlı -' estimado ', küz -' quema de carbón, fuego', pıçu / peçü -' cortar', etc. El trabajo ademas examina los préstamos, la mayoría de los cuales son palabras rusas, y árabepersa, Chuvash y los préstamos Udmurt se usan menos. Se dan ejemplos para cada grupo y se determinan las características de su aplicación.Este artigo é dedicado ao estudo da peculiaridade lexical dos tártaros dialetos batizados (Kryashens), um grupo étnico-confessional de tártaros em regiões do Volga e dos Urais que vivem na República do Tartaristão e repúblicas e regiões vizinhas. No marco das características lexicais, analisaram as palavras turcas que estavam desatualizadas para a moderna língua tártara, bem como os empréstimos que ocorriam nos dialetos. O vocabulário dos dialetos de Kryashen basicamente corresponde ao vocabulário comum Tartar, no entanto, existem características específicas que distinguem estes dialetos de Tatar língua literária e seus dialetos. A presença dessas características é condicionada pelo desenvolvimento relativamente isolado dos Kryashens de outros grupos etnográficos do povo tártaro. Um lugar bastante grande nos dialetos é ocupado por palavras que ocorrem na antiga língua turca e em várias línguas e finuras turcas modernas, por exemplo: arıw / aru - 'saint; bom clean ', ardaqlı -' caro ', küz -' queima de carvão, fogo ', pıçu / peçü -' corte ', etc. O trabalho também examina os empréstimos, a maioria dos quais são palavras russas, e os empréstimos árabe-persa, chuvache e udmurto são usados menos. Exemplos são dados para cada grupo e as características de sua aplicação são determinadas

Ectopic Intrauterine Device in the Bladder of a Pregnant Woman

Background. Uterine perforation and transvesical migration of an intrauterine device are rare complications. Case. A 28-year-old woman who had an intrauterine device was admitted to our outpatient clinic with complaints of amenorrhea lasting 5 weeks and pelvic pain lasting a year. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed embedding of the intrauterine device in the bladder. The misplaced device was removed by laparotomy. Conclusion. The followup of intrauterine device localization with transvaginal ultrasonography is essential for early detection of possible serious complications

Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy and puerperium: a case series

Intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus during pregnancy is rare. The presenting signs/symptoms seen in these patients are the same as with non-pregnant patients. Fetal and maternal mortality rates are higher during pregnancy due to delays in diagnosis. We aimed to present four patients diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus during pregnancy and puerperium in our clinic. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in a patient who presents with complaints of abdominal pain and evidence of bowel obstruction. Prompt intervention is necessary to minimize maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality

Effect of spacing on some mechanical properties of narrow leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) wood

In this study, conducted to test the effect of spacing on wood quality; the effect of four different spacing types, applied in Adapazarı Süleymaniye plantation (Region 1; 3x2 m; Region 2; 3x2,5 m; Region 3; 3,75x3,75m; Region 4; 4x4 m), on some mechanical properties of narrow leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) have been studied. In the present study, some mechanical properties such as the compression strength parallel to grain,tensile stress perpendicular to grain, bending strength, impact bending strength and modulus of elasticity were determined. As a result, the ash wood, grown in region 4 with a wide range of planting, has high mechanicalproperties. However, when analyzed in terms of wood quality characteristics, it has been found that spacing in region 1 (2x3 m) is more suitable for applications of ash plantations

The impact of low molecular weight heparin on obstetric outcomes among unexplained recurrent miscarriages complicated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism

Objectives: The association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and unexplained recurrent miscarriage is elusive. The recommendations for improving pregnancy outcomes in these patients keep changing based on the available evidence. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of low molecular weight heparin on obstetric outcomes of recurrent miscarriage patients complicated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism. Material and methods: We reviewed medical records of 121 patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage complicated by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms, retrospectively. From among them, 68 patients were treated only with folic acid and iron. The remaining 53 patients were treated with folic acid, iron and prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparin. The subsequent pregnancy outcomes of these patients were noted. Results: The live birth rate was higher in patients with anticoagulant therapy than in patients without anticoagulant therapy (48.5% vs. 69.8%, respectively, p: 0.015) and the congenital anomaly rate was lower in anticoagulant therapy group (17.6% vs. 3.8%, respectively, p: 0.022). The other obstetric outcomes were found to be similar between the two groups. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that low molecular weight heparin improved the live birth rates among unex­plained recurrent miscarriage patients complicated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms. How­ever, the routine use of low molecular weight heparin did not improve the late pregnancy complications in these selected patients in the eastern region of our country. Further studies are needed to discriminate the effect of anticoagulation on the live birth rate of each of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism type

Relationship between maternal blood ceruloplasmin level, catalase and myeloperoxidase activity and neural tube defects

Objectives: The exact pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs) is poorly understood. We aimed at evaluating maternal anti-oxidant capacity (ceruloplasmin level, myeloperoxidase and catalase activity) in pregnancies complicated by NTDs. Material and methods: Fifty-four mothers with NTD-affected pregnancies and 61 healthy mothers, matched for gestational age, were recruited. Maternal venous blood samples were obtained after detailed fetal ultrasound examination to measure myeloperoxidase, catalase activity and ceruloplasmin levels. The clinical characteristics of all participants were collected. Results: Maternal blood catalase activity was significantly lower in the study group (117.1 ± 64.8 kU/L) as compared to controls (152.2 ± 110.6 kU/L) (p = 0.044). Maternal blood ceruloplasmin levels were also significantly lower in the study group (180.5 ± 37.7 U/L) as compared to controls (197.9 ± 35.9 U/L) (p = 0.012). Myeloperoxidase activity was similar in both groups (112.6 ± 22.2 U/L vs. 113.6 ± 38.1 U/L) (p = 0.869). Conclusions: In the present study, maternal blood ceruloplasmin level and catalase activity were found to be lower in NTD-affected pregnancies as compared to healthy controls. Thus, it seems safe to conclude that impaired antioxidant capacity may play a role in the development of NTDs during pregnancy, in addition to the genetic, environmental and metabolic factors

Germline Pathogenic Variants Identified by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Susceptibility Genes in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

The aim of this study was to evaluate germline variant frequencies of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma targeted susceptibility genes with next-generation sequencing method. Germline DNA from 75 cases were evaluated with targeted next-generation sequencing on an Illumina NextSeq550 instrument. KIF1B, RET, SDHB, SDHD, TMEM127, and VHL genes were included in the study, and Sanger sequencing was used for verifying the variants. The pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were in the VHL, RET, SDHB, and SDHD genes, and the diagnosis rate was 24% in this study. Three different novel pathogenic variants were determined in five cases. This is the first study from Turkey, evaluating germline susceptibility genes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with a detection rate of 24% and three novel variants. All patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma need clinical genetic testing with expanded targeted gene panels for higher diagnosis rates

Algal Alginate in Biotechnology: Biosynthesis and Applications

Algae are recognized as the main producer of commercial alginate. Alginate produced using algae is located in the walls and intracellular regions of their cells. Its properties vary depending on the species, growing and harvesting seasons, and extraction methods. Alginate has attracted the attention of several industries, thanks to its unique properties such as its biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability and lack of toxicity features. For example, it is considered a good encapsulation agent due to the transparent nature of the alginate matrices. Also, this biopolymer is recognized as a functional food in the food industry. It can be tolerated easily in human body and has the ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Besides, it is used as an abrasive agent, antioxidant, and thickening and stabilizing agents in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Generally, it is used in emulsion systems and wound dressing patches. Furthermore, this polysaccharide has the potential to be used in green nanotechnologies as a drug delivery vehicle via cell microencapsulation. Moreover, it is suitable to adopt as a coagulant due to its wide range of flocculation dose and high shear stability. In this chapter, the mentioned usage areas of algal alginate are explained in more detail