To Tie the Knot or Not

This paper introduces imperfect information, learning, and risk aversion in a two sided matching model. The model provides a theoretical framework for the commonly occurring phenomenon of cohabitation followed by marriage, and is consistent with empirical findings on these institutions. The paper has three major results. First, individuals set higher standards for marriage than for cohabitation. When the true worth of a cohabiting partner is revealed, some cohabiting unions are converted into marriage while others are not. Second, individuals cohabit within classes. Third, the premium that compensates individuals for the higher risk involved in marriage over a cohabiting partnership is derived. This premium can be decomposed into two parts. The first part is a function of the individual's level of risk aversion, while the second part is a function of the difference in risk between marriage and cohabitation.class partition, imperfect information, risk, stochastic dominance

Risk, cohabitation and marriage

This paper introduces imperfect information,learning,and risk aversion in a two sided matching model.The modelprovides a theoreticalframework for the com- monly occurring phenomenon of cohabitation followed by marriage,and is con- sistent with empirical findings on these institutions.The paper has three major results.First,individuals set higher standards for marriage than for cohabitation. When the true worth of a cohabiting partner is revealed,some cohabiting unions are converted into marriage while others are not.Second,individuals cohabit within classes.Third,the premium that compensates individuals for the higher risk involved in marriage over a cohabiting partnership is derived.This premium can be decomposed into two parts.The first part is a function of the individual ’s level of risk aversion,while the second part is a function of the di difference in risk between marriage and cohabitation.

Positivism and New Approaches to International Law

Peer reviewe

Countermeasures and the Iranian Nuclear Issue : Problematic Tensions between the Law of Treaties and the Law of State Responsibility

Peer reviewe

Sterilisation and the work careers of women

This paper uses Canadian data to study the relationship between sterilisation and the work careers of women. The study is motivated by the observation that childbearing and child rearing are the main reasons for the intermittency of womens ’work. Sterilisation may be correlated with a change in the labour market behaviour of women because it ends childbearing.There are three main findings. First, among women with children, sterilised women are more likely to work than non-sterilised women. Second,being sterilised is found to have a positive and significant effect on the earnings of women who had stopped working in the past but has an insignifican effect on the earnings of continuously employed women.Third,sterilised women and non-sterilised women do not differ in the probability that they had previously stopped working.However,among sterilised women who are currently working, most had experienced career interruptions that were initiated and completed before they became sterilised.

The Potential of Momordica Charantia, Morinda Citrifolia and Centella Asiatica Extracts as Antiobesity Agents

The effect of Momordica charantia Extract (MCE), Centella asiatica Extract (CAE) and Morinda citrifolia Fruit Extract (MCFE) on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, pancreatic lipase activity, proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were investigated to evaluate their potential application for obesity treatment. Dried plant samples were extracted in 99.5% ethanol. Extracts were analyzed for total phenolic compounds and flavonoids utilizing Folin Ciocalteau assay and HPLC respectively. The anti oxidative potential of all extracts were also evaluated using the FRAP and DPPH assays. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and pancreatic lipase (PL) were determined in vitro. The extent of cell proliferation was determined by cell viability assay and the degree of differentiation was measured by Oil Red O staining assay. Results of the study showed that all extracts tested consisted of excellent concentration of phenolics compounds, and catechin and epicatechin was predominantly present in all three extracts. All extracts also showed good anti oxidative potential in scavenging free radicals. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the extracts inhibited LPL activity differently, with MCFE showing the highest inhibitory effect (21.4±2.3%), followed by CAE (16.3±1.1 %) and MCE (10.6 ±0.6%). At a concentration of 0.02mg/ml, all three extracts inhibited PL, with CAE showing the highest inhibition (31.1%), followed by MCFE (29.7%) and lastly MCE (21.5 %), with no significance difference. MCE showed the highest inhibitory effect on both cell proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. After 72 hours, MCE was found to be most toxic with an LC50 of 1.6mg/L, followed by CAE with an LC50 of 2.4 mg/mL and MCFE had the least cytotoxic effect with LC50 of 4.5 mg/mL. Results after 48 hours of plating showed that MCE exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on differentiation in a dose dependent manner. The highest inhibition, 74.7 ±5.41% of control, occurred at concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Data from the study indicate that MCE exert potential anti obesity effects by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. MCFE can also be used as a therapeutic treatment for obesity due to its relatively high anti LPL and PL activity and low cytotoxic effect

Function and Language Influence as a Tool of Communication in Islamic Dakwah

Tulisan ini berkaitan dengan bahasa dan dakwah yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa dan bagaimana fungsi dan pengaruh bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi terhadap kesuksesan dakwah Islam. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan tentang apa yang dimaksud di atas, karena bahasa dan dakwah saling berkaitan dan tidak bisa dipisahkan satu sama lain karena bahasa merupakan anugerah Ilahi yang di gunakan manusia untuk berinteraksi dalam kehidupannya termasuk berdakwah.Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa: (l) Baik bahasa verbal maupun non verbal mempunyai fungsi yang sangat penting dalam dakwah Islam. Bahasa verbal berfungsi sebagai wahana pengenal, wahana interaksi sosial dalam kegiatan dakwah bi al-lisan dan bi al-qalam serta bi al-hal. Sedangkan bahasa non verbal berfungsi sebagai wahana pengenal, wahana interaksi sosial, sebagai pengganti dan pelengkap yang memperjelas bahasa verbal dalam kegiatan dakwah bi al-hal dan dakwah lewat lukisan. (2) Kesuksesan sebuah dakwah juga banyak dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan bahasa. Dengan bahasa yang lemah lembut/sopan, baik dan benar disertai tinggi rendahnya intonasi yang sesuai, insya Allah akan membawa kepada dakwah yang sukses. Sebaliknya dengan bahasa yang kasar dan intonasi yang terlalu tinggi, akan membawa kepada kegagalan sebuah dakwah. (3). Salah satu contoh dakwah lewat tulisan yang hingga kini masih berpengaruh di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan ini adalah dakwah Sheikh Yusuf al-Makassary lewat karya-karya mistik religious beliau sebagai salah seorang pembaharu dalam dunia mistik Islam

As good as married : a model of long-term cohabitation, learning and marriage

This paper develops a two-sided search-matching model with imperfectly observed types and learning. Since agents do not observe one another’s type accurately, they first engage in a probationary partnership to learn one another’s true type. Using the metaphor ofpremarital cohabitation and marriage, we demonstrate that long-term cohabiting individuals eventually learn each other’s true type. We also demonstrate that singles ofeither sex are partitioned into classes and are matched in the same class in equilibrium. We show that sequential learning reduces signalling errors so that the Bayes estimator of the true type converges almost surely to true type. As noisy information is filtered over time, the mismatch risk disappears and the aggregate matching pattern based on true types is restored.