Synthesis, Spectral Study and Theoretical Treatment of Some Mixing Ligand Complexes of Quinaldic Acid and 1, 10-Phenathroline

Metal complexes of Cu (II), Fe (III) and Mn (II) with Quinaldic acid (L1) and 1, 10-Phenathroline (L2) are synthesized and characterized by standaral physic- chemical procedures (element analysis, metal analysis, FTIR, Uv-Vis, magnetic moment and conductometeric measurements). On the base of these studies, mononuclear and six coordinated octahedral geometry and nonelectrolyte of these complexes have been proposed. The standard heat of formation (?Hºf) and binding energy (?Eb) for the free ligands and their complexes are calculated by using the PM3 method at 273K of Hyperchem.-8 program. The complexes are more stable than their ligands. Moreover, the electrostatic potential of free ligands are measured to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 is used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of the free ligands, the frequencies are obtained approximately agreed with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helps to assign clearly the most diagnostic bands

Long-term effect of economic status on auditors' professional skepticism

The goal of the current study was to look into how financial stability affected auditors' professional skepticism. One of the elements that reflects the level of an auditor's professional skepticism in the auditor's choices is prior job experience. Regarding this, 759 businesses registered on the Iraq Stock Exchange were chosen between 2011 and 2021 using the systematic elimination approach. Due to the 2D structure of the logistic dependent variable, the research's regression model was put to the test. The outcome of the research hypothesis test revealed that the auditor's decision-making and judgment were significantly impacted by the economic climate at the start of their assignment. Additionally, it was discovered that businesses that have their financial reports audited by auditors during a recession are less inclined to do so. Our study supported prior research on a range of demographics, including economists, scientists, attorneys, investment bankers, and corporate executives, by demonstrating that the early career stage is a crucial era for auditors' formative development. Our findings may have wide-ranging repercussions for the auditing industry. Our findings imply that there may be a dearth of skeptic auditors in a region following extended periods of economic expansion. Our research serves as a first step in the direction of a deeper comprehension of the formation and recruitment of auditors in the labor market

Study the correlation between alleles of MCT1 gene and enduring performance in handball players

The current study aimed to determine MCT1 gene A1470T polymorphism is associated it with enduring performance among elite handball players young. The community of study was chosen 100 young players of Iraqi clubs in handball game which their length (171.83 ± 3.060 cm), weight (68.33 ± 2.160 kg) and age (24.4 ± 3.782 years). Genotyping of A1470T polymorphism of the MCT1 gene was done by the PCR-RFLP technique lactate measurement of 100 handball players was examined after testing the endurance of defensive and attack performance. Frequencies of genotypes in 100 players were AA genotype (60%), AT genotype (30%) and TT genotype (10%).The mean of endurance capacity was significantly higher in AA genotype (1.01 ± 0.04 min) versus AT genotype (1.10 ± 0.01 min). (AA + AT) genotypes versus TT genotype (1.14 ± 0.01 min). Mean of blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in AA genotype (16.23 ± 0.35 mMol) versus (AT + TT) genotypes (13.48 ± 0.18; 11.66 ± 0.13 mMol) respectively. We concluded that the MCT1 gene A1470T polymorphism enhances enduring performance in elite handball players

Osteosarcoma subtypes: Magnetic resonance and quantitative diffusion weighted imaging criteria

Introduction: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone malignancy, characterized by spindle cells producing osteoid. The objective of this study is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of different OS subtypes, record their attenuation diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to point to the relation of their pathologic base and their corresponding ADC value. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective observational lesion-based analysis for 31 pathologically proven osteosarcoma subtypes: osteoblastic (n = 9), fibroblastic (n = 8), chondroblastic (n = 6), para-osteal (n = 3), periosteal (n = 1), telangiectatic (n = 2), small cell (n = 1) and extra-skeletal (n = 1). On conventional images we recorded: bone of origin, epicenter, intra-articular extension, and invasion of articulating bones, skip lesions, distant metastases, pathological fractures, ossified matrix, hemorrhage and necrosis. We measured the mean ADC value for each lesion. Results: Among the included OS lesions, 51.6% originated at the femur, 29% showed intra-articular extension, 16% invaded neighboring bone, 9% were associated with pathological fracture and 25.8% were associated with distant metastases. On MRI, all lesions showed ossified matrix, 35.5% showed hemorrhage and 58% showed necrosis. The mean ADC values for OS lesions ranged from 0.74 × 10−3 mm2/s (recorded for conventional osteoblastic OS) to 1.50 × 10−3 mm2/s (recorded for telangiectatic OS) with an average value of 1.16 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s. Conventional chondroblastic OS recorded higher values compared to the other two conventional subtypes. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma has different pathologic subtypes which correspondingly vary in their imaging criteria and their ADC values

Mother’s knowledge and attitudes regarding poliomyelitis eradication among a sample in Bab Al Muadham health centre in Baghdad city, Iraq

Objective: To determine knowledge and attitude and practice of mothers towards poliomyelitis vaccination. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 at Bab Al-Moadham Health Centre, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised mothers regardless of age who were visiting the child care unit with at least 1 child aged <5 years. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 10. Results: There were 150 mothers with a mean age of 31.08±9.31 years. The largest age group was 20-29 years 90(60%) (p<0.05). There were 100(66.6%) subjects from urban areas, and 67(44.6%) had at least a college degree (p<0.05). The most common source of information was television 110(73.3%), and 135(90%) subjects agreed that polio vaccine for the child was a necessity. Overall assessment of the sample was good, with a percentile global means of the score value of 50.30±9.81. Conclusion: Urban, educated and working mothers aged 20-29 years were more knowledgeable about polio than the rest. Keywords: Health, Knowledge, Attitudes, Poliomyelitis, Vaccination, Eradication

Bacterial Inhibition and Osteogenic Potentials of Sr/Zn Co-Doped Nano-Hydroxyapatite-PLGA Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Bacterial infection associated with bone grafts is one of the major challenges that can lead to implant failure. Treatment of these infections is a costly endeavor; therefore, an ideal bone scaffold should merge both biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Antibiotic-impregnated scaffolds may prevent bacterial colonization but exacerbate the global antibiotic resistance problem. Recent approaches combined scaffolds with metal ions that have antimicrobial properties. In our study, a unique strontium/zinc (Sr/Zn) co-doped nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) -(PLGA) composite scaffold was fabricated using a chemical precipitation method with different ratios of Sr/Zn ions (1%, 2.5%, and 4%). The scaffolds’ antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by counting bacterial colony-forming unit (CFU) numbers after direct contact with the scaffolds. The results showed a dose-dependent reduction in CFU numbers as the Zn concentration increased, with 4% Zn showing the best antibacterial properties of all the Zn-containing scaffolds. PLGA incorporation in Sr/Zn-nHAp did not affect the Zn antibacterial activity and the 4% Sr/Zn-nHAp-PLGA scaffold showed a 99.7% bacterial growth inhibition. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay showed that Sr/Zn co-doping supported osteoblast cell proliferation with no apparent cytotoxicity and the highest doping percentage in the 4% Sr/Zn-nHAp-PLGA was found to be ideal for cell growth. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the potential for a 4% Sr/Zn-nHAp-PLGA scaffold with enhanced antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility as a suitable candidate for bone regeneration

Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Synthetic bone graft substitutes have attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering. This study aimed to fabricate a novel, bioactive, porous scaffold that can be used as a bone substitute. Strontium and zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Sr/Zn n-HAp) were synthesized by a water-based sol-gel technique. Sr/Zn n-HAp and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were used to fabricate composite scaffolds by supercritical carbon dioxide technique. FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and TGA were used to characterize Sr/Zn n-HAp and the composite scaffolds. The synthesized scaffolds were adequately porous with an average pore size range between 189 to 406 µm. The scaffolds demonstrated bioactive behavior by forming crystals when immersed in the simulated body fluid. The scaffolds after immersing in Tris/HCl buffer increased the pH value of the medium, establishing their favorable biodegradable behavior. ICP-MS study for the scaffolds detected the presence of Sr, Ca, and Zn ions in the SBF within the first week, which would augment osseointegration if implanted in the body. nHAp and their composites (PLGA-nHAp) showed ultimate compressive strength ranging between 0.4−19.8 MPa. A 2.5% Sr/Zn substituted nHAp-PLGA composite showed a compressive behavior resembling that of cancellous bone indicating it as a good candidate for cancellous bone substitute

Tunable band gap of Bi3+-doped anatase TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic removal of acetaminophen under UV-visible light irradiation

A series of Bi3+-doped TiO2 photocatalysts has been prepared via the propylene oxide (PO) assisted sol-gel method. The effect of Bi3+ doping on structural surface morphology and optical properties of the as-prepared photocatalysts was characterized using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller for determination of the specific surface area and porosity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Increasing the Bi3+ doping percentage up to 10 mole percent, resulted in all as-prepared photocatalysts exhibiting pure anatase phase upon calcination at 400 °C for 3 hours. A red shift in optical band gap measurements was observed with increasing Bi3+ ion percent doping, which led to extension of the photocatalysts' activity to the visible region. The enhanced photocatalytic activity for removal of the pharmaceutical compound acetaminophen under UV-Vis light irradiation was demonstrated by comparing bismuth doped as-prepared photocatalysts with pure TiO2 photocatalysts prepared under the same conditions. Based on experimental conditions, the highest activity was achieved using 10 mole percent Bi3+-doped photocatalyst, where over a period of 4 hours more than 98% acetaminophen removal was achieved

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MBBS STUDENTS REGARDING CLINICAL RESEARCH IN QUETTA, PAKISTAN

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out knowledge and perceptions regarding clinical research among the medical students (MBBS) of Quetta. To assess the knowledge of clinical research at student level and their perceptions regarding to clinical research. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using self-made questionnaires among the MBBS students of 1st year to 5th year of Bolan medical college (BMC) and Quetta Institute of Medical sciences (QIMS). Study was conducted from July to October 2017. 40 questionnaires were randomly distributed in each class among male and female students of each institute thus total 400 samples was distributed in both institutes. The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Maximum respondents 202 (55.5%) were from 17-21 years. Majority of respondents 184 (50.5%) were males where’s 180(49.5%) respondents were from BMC and 180(50.5%) respondents were from QIMS. The individual demographics characteristics were taken and mean comparison was calculated and showed all the p-values less than 0.05 that shows significance over study, i.e. Age (p0.05. Conclusions: Study concluded that research is detailed study of subject in order to discover new facts, finding problem, solution and carrying out researches may prove to be beneficial in future for clinical practices, residency and medical trainings etc. There is large number of MBBS students who had basic knowledge about research and were interested in carrying out clinical research, however lack of platforms and supervisors are the barriers