Induction of Glucose Metabolism in Stimulated T Lymphocytes Is Regulated by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling

T lymphocytes play a critical role in cell-mediated immune responses. During activation, extracellular and intracellular signals alter T cell metabolism in order to meet the energetic and biosynthetic needs of a proliferating, active cell, but control of these phenomena is not well defined. Previous studies have demonstrated that signaling from the costimulatory receptor CD28 enhances glucose utilization via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. However, since CD28 ligation alone does not induce glucose metabolism in resting T cells, contributions from T cell receptor-initiated signaling pathways must also be important. We therefore investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the regulation of mouse T cell glucose metabolism. T cell stimulation strongly induces glucose uptake and glycolysis, both of which are severely impaired by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas p38 inhibition had a much smaller effect. Activation also induced hexokinase activity and expression in T cells, and both were similarly dependent on ERK signaling. Thus, the ERK signaling pathway cooperates with PI3K to induce glucose utilization in activated T cells, with hexokinase serving as a potential point for coordinated regulation

Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients with valvular heart disease: comparison with patients affected by ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. The InSync/InSync ICD Italian Registry

AimsTo analyse the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with valvular heart disease (a subset not specifically investigated in randomized controlled trials) in comparison with ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy patients.Methods and resultsPatients enrolled in a national registry were evaluated during a median follow-up of 16 months after CRT implant. Patients with valvular heart disease treated with CRT (n = 108) in comparison with ischaemic heart disease (n = 737) and dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 635) patients presented: (i) a higher prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation, with atrioventricular node ablation performed in around half of the cases; (ii) a similar clinical and echocardiographic profile at baseline; (iii) a similar improvement of LVEF and a similar reduction in ventricular volumes at 6-12 months; (iv) a favourable clinical response at 12 months with an improvement of the clinical composite score similar to that occurring in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and more pronounced than that observed in patients with ischaemic heart disease; (v) a long-term outcome, in term of freedom from death or heart transplantation, similar to patients affected by ischaemic heart disease and basically more severe than that of patients affected by dilated cardiomyopathy.ConclusionIn 'real world' clinical practice, CRT appears to be effective also in patients with valvular heart disease. However, in this group of patients the outcome after CRT does not precisely overlap any of the two other groups of patients, for which much more data are currently available

Unenhanced MDCT findings of acute bowel ischemia.

none3noneDE FILIPPO M; SAGONE C; ZOMPATORI M.DE FILIPPO M; SAGONE C; ZOMPATORI M

Spontaneous low CSF pressure headache in Marfan syndrome. A case report

Neurol Sci 25 (Suppl) Abstracts del XXXV Congresso della Società Italiana di Neurologi

Septic encephalopathy: clinical and EEG features of a case

Neurol Sci 25 (Suppl), Abstracts del XXXV Congresso della Società Italiana di Neurologi

Bis-vinylogous corrole: The first expanded corrole

A dimeric structure that is held together by hydrogen bonds and is stable in solution is adopted by the hydrochloride salt of the expanded corrole shown. The synthesis, X-ray structure, and NMR and electronic absorption spectra of the new species all confirm the structural assignment in solution and in the solid state

Analysis of HLA-DR and –C in 141 multiple sclerosis patients from Emilia, Northern Italy

Neurol Sci 25 (Suppl), Abstracts del XXXV Congresso della Società Italiana di Neurologi

CLOSED LOOP STIMULATION IMPROVE HAEMODINAMIC RESPONSE DURING MENTAL STRESS TEST

Cloose Loop Stimulation (CLS) algorithm is a form of rate adaptive pacing, able to provide an effective pacing rate profile not only during physical exercise but although during mental stress. To test this hypothesis CLS or accelerometers sensor (AS) rate response was compared intraindividually during a mental stress test. Methods: 36 patients (mean age 76 ± 9)implanted with a VVI-CLS Cylos Biotronik underwentmental stress test in different pacing configuration: non-rate adaptive mode (VVI), accelerometer sensor (AS) mode (VVIR), and CLS respectively. A modified Stroop test was used in order to induce mental stress. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pacing percentage burden were collected for 5 minutes before, during and 5minutes after the test. Results: Our study show that the average peak HR during mental stress test was significantly higher in CLS configuration than in AS and non adaptive mode. Further the average HR increase (calculated as the difference in minimum HR and the HR peak) during mental stress test was wider in CLS configuration than in VVIR and VVI. Finally, the percentage of pacing beats during mental stress test was higher in CLS configuration than with the other algorithms. Conclusion: CLS showed to be more effective than AS mode in providing a rate-adaptive pacing during mental stress. Results support the issue that CLS algorithm can detect an hemodynamic demand due to an emotional upheaval and supply a proper heart rate increase