Towards a better understanding of the nature, causes and consequences of youth labor market disadvantage: evidence for South-East Europe

Available studies show that the lack of decent work opportunities for youth is probably one of the most daunting problems faced by countries in South-East Europe (SEE). Yet, the lack of comprehensive, integrated and centralized databases on youth labor market disadvantage in transition countries in general, and in South-East Europe in particular, has usually been a major barrier for a comprehensive analysis of the problems that youth face in the labor market in the region. For the purpose of this study, an attempt was made to create comparable indicators of youth labor market outcomes for 10 regions of SEE, relying on 7 Labor Force Surveys (LFS) and 6 Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) conducted around 2001. These data show that more than ten years after the beginning of transition, and despite obvious signs of economic recovery in most SEE regions, the average youth unemployment rate in SEE remained 2.5 times higher than the EU average, and 3 times higher than the adult unemployment rate.Adolescent Health,Labor Markets,Children and Youth,Environmental Economics&Policies,Youth and Governance

Enantioselective palladium(0)-catalyzed C-H arylation strategy for chiral heterocycles

Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations have emerged as complementary and powerful tools to access molecular complexity from widely available starting materials. Herein, we present a strategy for asymmetric intramolecular Pd(0)-catalyzed C-H functionalizations. The outlined reactivity is based on the cooperative effect between a chiral phosphorous ligand and a carboxylate base acting as a relay of chirality during the enantio-discriminating concerted metalation deprotonation step. This approach allows the enantioselective construction of a range of important semi-saturated chiral nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and dibenzazepinone

Goal-oriented Dialog as a Collaborative Subordinated Activity involving Collective Acceptance

International audienceModeling dialog as a collaborative activity consists notably in specifying the content of the Conversational Common Ground and the kind of social mental state involved. In previous work (Saget, 2006), we claim that Collective Acceptance is the proper social attitude for modeling Conversational Common Ground in the particular case of goal-oriented dialog. In this paper, a formalization of Collective Acceptance is shown, besides elements in order to integrate this attitude in a rational model of dialog are provided; and finally, a model of referential acts as being part of a collaborative activity is presented. The particular case of reference has been chosen in order to exemplify our claims

Photocatalytic Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolones

In this work, a photocatalytic strategy for a rapid and modular access to polycyclic indolones starting from readily available indoles is reported. This strategy relies on the use of redox-active esters in combination with an iridium-based photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. The generation of alkyl radicals through decarboxylative single electron reductions enables intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitutions with a pending indole moiety to afford pyrrolo- and pyridoindolone derivatives under mild conditions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that these radicals could also be engaged into cascades consisting of an intermolecular Giese-type addition followed by an intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution to rapidly assemble valuable azepinoindolones

Collaborative model of interaction and Unmanned Vehicle Systems' interface

The interface for the next generation of Unmanned Vehicle Systems should be an interface with multi-modal displays and input controls. Then, the role of the interface will not be restricted to be a support of the interactions between the ground operator and vehicles. Interface must take part in the interaction management too. In this paper, we show that recent works in pragmatics and philosophy provide a suitable theoretical framework for the next generation of UV System's interface. We concentrate on two main aspects of the collaborative model of interaction based on acceptance: multi-strategy approach for communicative act generation and interpretation and communicative alignment