Altibajos de la expansión algodonera hacia nuevas áreas, una mirada retrospectiva

Desde la campaña algodonera 2012/13 y hasta la actual 2014/15 se continúan con los estudiosexploratorios del proyecto que lleva adelante el INTA Reconquista y APPA (Asociación para la Promoción de la Producción de Algodón) con la fuerte colaboración del sector privado, con el fin de generar información de las características suelo-planta-ambiente y sus relaciones, para lograruna producción de algodón sustentable, adaptado a las condiciones agroecológicas de los Bajos Submeridionales y zona de transición hacia el Domo Occidental de Santa Fe.Fil: Paytas, Marcelo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Mieres, Luciano Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Szwarc, Diego Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, M.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Vitti Scarel, Daniela Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Almada, Melina Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bianchi, Enzo Dario. No especifíca;Fil: Sager, Guillermo. No especifíca

Milk fatty acid profile from grazing buffaloes fed a blend of soybean and linseed oils

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between L and H (P<0.19). Overall, these results indicate a pronounced improvement in the nutritional value of milk fat from grazing buffaloes fed little amounts (0.276g/day) of a blend of soybean and linseed oils.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mudanças no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de búfalas leiteiras recebendo baixas (B, 276g/d) ou altas (A, 572g/d) doses de uma mistura de óleos de soja e linhaça (70:30, peso/peso) na dieta. Quatorze búfalas multíparas da raça Mediterrânea, mantidas em pastagens nativas, receberam 4kg/dia de um concentrado comercial sem adição de óleo (pré-tratamento) ao longo de umperíodopré-experimental de 10 dias. A produção de leiteindividual e amostras de leite foram coletadas individualmente para determinação dos valores basais de composição e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite nos últimos trêsdias. Após este período, os animais receberam o mesmo concentrado adicionado deBou Apor 26 dias. A produção de leite (g/animal/dia) não diferiu no início (1776 ± 522 e 1662 ± 291para B e A, respectivamente (P<0,622) e no final do período experimental(4590 ±991e4847 ± 447 para LeH, respectivamente, P<0,543). O teor de gordura do leite (g/100g) apresentou valores médios de 77,1(±20,5)paraBe74,3 (±9,9)paraA(P<0,10) durante o período pré-tratamento,mas foi reduzido (P<0,03) após o fornecimento das dietas com óleo para 60,7 (± 23,6) e 49,4 (± 11,2), respectivamente para B e A, não havendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,277). Os teores basais de proteína do leite (B=43,2 ± 3,4 e A=44,3 ± 6,9g/kg) aumentaram após a suplementação com óleo (P<0,0001) em ambos B (73,2 ± 6,0g/kg) e A (68,4 ± 4,9g/kg), não ocorrendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,123). O teor médio basal de 14:0 na gordura do leite (4,76g/100g AG) foi reduzido após a suplementação da dieta com óleo somente no tratamento A (5,29 para 4,03, P<0,007). O teor de 16:0 na gordura do leite foi reduzido (P<0,001) nos tratamentos B (24,49 para 19,75g/100g AG) e A (25,92 para 19,17g/100g AG). A redução nos teores de 12:0+14:0+16:0 na gordura do leite foi maior (P<0,052) em A (32,02 para 23,93g/100g AG) do que em B (30,17 para 25,45g/100g AG). O teor de ácido vacênico (AV) na gordura do leite aumentou (P<0,001) de 5,70 para 13,24g/100g AG em B e de 5,25 para 16,77 em A, resultando em maior teor de AV neste último (P<0,001). O teor basal de ácido rumênico aumentou expressivamente (P<0,001) em B (1,80 para 4,09g/100g AG, +127%) e A (1,60 para 4,61g/100g AG, +187%), não havendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,19). No geral, estes resultados indicam uma melhora pronunciada no valor nutricional da gordura do leite de búfalas a pasto recebendo pequenas quantidades (0,276g/dia) de uma mistura de óleos de soja e linhaça na dieta.EEA BalcarceFil: Gagliostro, Gerardo Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Patiño, Exequiel Maria. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Negrete, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sager, Gerardo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Castelli, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Antonacci, Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Raco, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Gallello, Lucas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, M.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Cañameras, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Zampatti, Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Industria Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Bernal, Claudio Adrian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina

Evaluation of the mutagenic effects of SV40 in mouse, hamster, and mouse-human hybrid cells

We have examined the ability of SV40 to induce changes in drug or temperature resistance in mouse, hamster, and mouse-human hybrid cells. SV40 induced a substantial increase of cells resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine + trifluorothymidine in Balb/c 3T3 cells and induced an increase of hybrid cells resistant to 6-thioguanine. SV40 was found to be nonmutagenic or weakly mutagenic in other test systems. The 3T3 cells were T-antigen positive, exhibited a marked reduction in TK activity, were heterogeneous for [ 3 H]BrdU incorporation by autoradiography, and exhibited instability of the drug-resistance phenotype, suggesting that SV40 may be inducing resistance by an epigenetic process. SV40-induced 6-thioguanine resistance in the hybrids appears to occur predominantly by chromosome loss.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45539/1/11188_2005_Article_BF01233058.pd

Amyloid and tau pathology associations with personality traits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive lifestyle in the preclinical phases of sporadic and autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

Background Major prevention trials for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are now focusing on multidomain lifestyle interventions. However, the exact combination of behavioral factors related to AD pathology remains unclear. In 2 cohorts of cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk of AD, we examined which combinations of personality traits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive lifestyle (years of education or lifetime cognitive activity) related to the pathological hallmarks of AD, amyloid-β, and tau deposits. Methods A total of 115 older adults with a parental or multiple-sibling family history of sporadic AD (PREVENT-AD [PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for AD] cohort) underwent amyloid and tau positron emission tomography and answered several questionnaires related to behavioral attributes. Separately, we studied 117 mutation carriers from the DIAN (Dominant Inherited Alzheimer Network) study group cohort with amyloid positron emission tomography and behavioral data. Using partial least squares analysis, we identified latent variables relating amyloid or tau pathology with combinations of personality traits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive lifestyle. Results In PREVENT-AD, lower neuroticism, neuropsychiatric burden, and higher education were associated with less amyloid deposition (p = .014). Lower neuroticism and neuropsychiatric features, along with higher measures of openness and extraversion, were related to less tau deposition (p = .006). In DIAN, lower neuropsychiatric burden and higher education were also associated with less amyloid (p = .005). The combination of these factors accounted for up to 14% of AD pathology. Conclusions In the preclinical phase of both sporadic and autosomal dominant AD, multiple behavioral features were associated with AD pathology. These results may suggest potential pathways by which multidomain interventions might help delay AD onset or progression

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele