WASTE DISPOSAL AND STREAM FLOW QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF LYARI RIVER

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the behaviour of Lyari River contaminated wastewater to main sea. Main focus is on the sate of water ways and physical, chemical and metallic parameters for effluents. Empirical analysis is done for the proper conclusion and implications. Lyari River is the natural stream having substantial catchments area. It has become a natural drainage channel for almost a quarter of the existing built up area of the city. Lyari River becomes a putrid and toxic channel when it passes through the metropolitan area of Karachi. It carries the water which is purely a combination of domestic sewage and industrial effluents. These effluents have very high load of pollutants and pathogenic bacteria. Where as the industrial wastes are the main source of toxic metal, pesticides and lubricating oils. These effluents contaminate the marine aquatic environment and coastal area. New models are given for analyses.Water-Disposal, Stream, Quantification, Parameters, Physical, Chemical, Metallic, Contaminate, marine-organism, bio-accumulation

Decolonizing Higher Education: Black Feminism and the Intersectionality of Race and Gender

Drawing on black feminist theory, this paper examines the professional experiences of postcolonial diasporic black and ethnicized female academics in higher education.1 The paper explores the embodiment of gendered and racialized difference and reflects on the power of whiteness to shape everyday experiences in such places of privilege. The powerful yet hidden histories of women of color in higher education, such as the Indian women suffragettes and Cornelia Sorabji in late nineteenth century, are symbolic of the erasure of an ethnicized black feminist/womanist presence in mainstream (white) educational establishments. The paper concludes that an understanding of black and ethnicized female agency and desire for education and learning is at the heart of a black feminist analysis that reclaims higher education as a radical site of resistance and refutation

Asymptotic properties for Volterra integro-dynamic systems

Using the resolvent matrix, a comparison principle and a useful equivalent system, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of linear Volterra integro-dynamic systems on time scales

Stability Criteria for Volterra Integrodynamic System

We study conditions under which the solutions of linear Volterra integrodynamic system of the form yΔt=Atyt+∫t0tKt,sysΔs are stable on certain time scales. We construct a number of Lyapunov functionals on time scales from which we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of Volterra integrodynamic system and also we prove several results concerning qualitative behavior of this system

Quantitative study of lyari waterways

Metropolitan city Karachi is the biggest and the most industrialized city of Pakistan which located at extreme west end of the Indus delta within the geographical coordinate between latitude 24 51 N 0 / and longitude 67 04 E 0 / . The Lyari river is one of the three rivers, along with the Malir and Hub rivers, which flows through the greater metropolitan area of the city. It is one of the major flood water-carrying river which passes through the main city area of Karachi. Its main tributaries are Gujar and Orangi nullahs. The entire untreated industrial and domestic sewerage water joins the river directly or through these nullahs. This river and adjacent developed area have been subjected to severe flooding on regular basis in the past. This flood causes loss of property and men adjoining to the river which is an enormous affair for legislative association. A large scale reconnaissance survey of the under study river has been conducted for compilation of data. The long term hydraulic characteristics of the river have been gauged for collecting sufficient data to determine frequent change. The L-Section and Cross-Section assessment of the river beds and its main tributaries has also been measured. The historic discharge from river catchments area has been collected from the time to time carried hydrologic studies. In this study field survey data has been utilized for quantification of the river. The model has been constructed for designing the open channel Lyari by using its existing position and measuring the peak discharge required. This model will enable to chanalize the storm river flow smoothly in future

Race and sex: teachers' views on who gets ahead in schools?

The research reported here was part of a large study of the impact of age, disability, race and sex on the teaching profession in England. The basic question asked in this research was how do these factors interact with career aspirations and achievements of classteachers, promoted teachers and headteachers? There were three different data sources: a large postal survey drawn from diverse geographic regions across England with over 2000 respondents; face‐to‐face individual interviews with over 100 teachers in 18 case study schools from across all of the main regions of England; discussions with special interest groups of teachers. Not surprisingly, the answer to the above question was complex. Nonetheless, the paper's conclusion highlights some of the noteworthy themes across this broad sample of teachers from primary, secondary and special schools

Phase transitions in geometrothermodynamics

Using the formalism of geometrothermodynamics, we investigate the geometric properties of the equilibrium manifold for diverse thermodynamic systems. Starting from Legendre invariant metrics of the phase manifold, we derive thermodynamic metrics for the equilibrium manifold whose curvature becomes singular at those points where phase transitions of first and second order occur. We conclude that the thermodynamic curvature of the equilibrium manifold, as defined in geometrothermodynamics, can be used as a measure of thermodynamic interaction in diverse systems with two and three thermodynamic degrees of freedom