Issues and Challenges in Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after 9/11

The study examines various issues in Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the context that emerged after 9/11. It argues that security maintenance and various development pursuits (political and economic) of both Pakistan and Afghanistan considerably rely upon cordial and mutually cooperative relations between these two immediate neighbours. However, there exists trust deficit and the war against terrorism has itself become an issue of major concern between the two countries. Afghanistan urges Pakistan to do more to defeat and stop the alleged extremist infiltrations into Afghan territory while Pakistan repeatedly denies such charges and holds Afghan government itself responsible for its failure to check cross border incursions and rebuilding of Afghan nation-state. Foreign powers especially Indian involvement, into Afghan internal affairs has affected her relations with Pakistan a lot. According to some analysts the situation has worsened to such an extent that its long term national interests has damaged especially in the post 9/11 era. This study argues that Pakistan and Afghanistan have unquestionable significance for each other. Geo-strategic, political, economic and other reasons make it compulsion for both the countries to have cordial relations in their respective vested interests and larger interests of peace in regional and international context. They can defeat and remove many ills being faced by the two potential nations of South Asia. But such a prospect would be neutralized by foreign powers if leadership of both the countries unsuccessfully tackles all outstanding issues in their bilateral relationship.&nbsp

EFFECT OF ROLE CLARITY ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUCTORS PHYSICAL EDUCATION (IPES) OF SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Role Clarity (RC) on the Job Performance (JP) of Instructor Physical Education (IPEs) working in higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: The study was conducted in southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (LakkiMarwat, Bannu, D.I.khan and Tank). There are 141 (89 male and 52 female) IPEs working in different Higher Secondary Schools (Educational Management Information System [EMIS], 2019). A sample of 141 IEPs was chosen using the stratified sampling method. The survey research design was applied for this paper. A questionnaire was used based on the Five Point Likert scale for data collection. The validation of the data collection tool was done through index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) whereas the reliability score was estimated (RC=0.861, JP=0.872) through Cronbach’s Alpha. Pearson Product Movement Correlation, Linear Regression, and Independent sample t-test were used as inferential statistics.  Results: The result of the study shows that there is a positive relationship between Role clarity and Job performance. The study concluded that the job performance of IPEs determined through how IPEs clear about their job. If IPEs have a clear vision about their job then it can make a significant contribution to their job performance. More precisely, higher role clarity leads to higher job performance. The result also indicates that there is a significant difference in the male and female IPEs Performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that male IPEs perform well as compared to female IPEs in terms of subject matter knowledge, assessment strategies, and communication skills

Assessing Undergraduate and Post Graduate Students’ Information Literacy Skills: Scenario and Requirements in Pakistan

This study was conducted to assess information literacy (IL) skills of post graduate (PG) and undergraduate (UG) students, of one of the premier universities at the national level of Pakistan. It was also intended to explore the students’ opinion about the need of information literacy program and related contents. Quantitative research approach was employed to conduct the study and survey method using structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 400 respondents using convenient sampling technique. Results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents lacked information literacy skills. However, the major part of the respondents considered the information literacy program to be of value to meet their research and academic needs. Study also shares participants’ recommendations regarding required contents for IL program. This is the study from Pakistan that has been conducted on one of the high ranked Pakistani universities’ students to assess their IL skills and requirements in this aspect. This paper might help students, institutions and library professionals understand the existing scenario of students’ IL skills which may play a vital role in planning to improve the students’ IL skills and designing IL course

Information needs and seeking behavior of Pakistani Physicians

This paper aims to investigate the information need and seeking behaviour of physicians working in a well-reputed Lahore based hospital. Identification of medical professionals’ existing problems related to information searching and retrieval from the hospital library was another main objective of this study. A quantitative research approach is utilized to conduct this study and a cross-sectional survey research method is used to collect data on a self-reporting questionnaire. A total 226 medical doctors working in a Lahore based hospital participated in the survey. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the participants accessed the library information resources to keep themselves up-to-date with the professional developments and for the purpose of their continuing education. Moreover, majority of the respondents preferred print sources to fulfil their information needs. Problems, as well as suggestions are also presented in the study. This is the first study in nature which is conducted on medical doctors of a well- reputed Lahore based hospital to know their information needs, seeking behaviour and problems. Findings may be useful for the organizations offering medical services and library administration to better understand and meet the information need, seeking behaviour and problems of physicians which, as a result, might help physicians offer state-of-the-art services to patients and earn a good repute for their organization

CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDR: A STUDY OF INDO-US NEXUS TO SABOTAGES CPEC

This research discusses the Indian perspective on China-Pakistan economic corridor, emphasizing what is the Indian perspective on CPEC and why India is opposed to the gigantic project. Secondly, it explores what Pakistan and China can do and secure this project. And finally, it also explores the benefits of CPEC for India if it decides to join it. The study maintains that India, from its beginnings, has cast a negative eye on the CPEC project, that it actively supports the separatist groups in Pakistan to carry out terrorist attacks against the Chinese and CPEC workers to frustrate Pakistan and China and make it unsuccessful, but China and Pakistan must be extremely vigilant to thwart Indian attempts. Secondly, it is also hypothesized that India will benefit if it agrees to join it. The United States has openly criticised the project, ultimately supporting the Indian position that Pakistan and China. The article operationalizes the descriptive and analytical investigation while using both primary and secondary data for empirical analysis. Primary data is obtained from the websites of CPEC, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan and China. While secondary literature is attained from China, Pakistan, India and western sources obtainable acquiescently in the form of commentaries, articles, books, discussion papers, reports and reviews.  &nbsp

WOMEN CONTRIBUTION IN PAKISTAN’S PARLIAMENT: A CASE OF LEGISLATOR’S CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND SOLUTIONS (2008-2018)

Democracy in its full forms only be ensured when women have equal rights to participate in politics. Role of women in politics is an essential element for women empowerment around the globe. Many developed countries reached their desired destination through gender equality and progressive developing countries are also following same tracks. Role of women in Pakistani politics did not remain same as proportionate to population. Women had to face many barriers including social, economic and cultural barriers which kept women marginalized for political empowerment. In 2002, President Pervez Musharraf dictatorship rule vital decision were taken for women empowerment by allocating them specific quota in National Assembly. Women did not have enough chance to participate in politics during democratic governments. Although Pakistan had great women leaders as Prime Minister, Speaker of National Assembly and at other leading roles but such examples are exception. After legislation for women protection and women empowerment there is improvement in women protection and women empowerment situation but still there is a lot of need to do. In this article, data from secondary sources is consulted to understand the women participation in parliament from (2008-2018), exploring opportunities and challenges during parliamentary business. The suggestions are made to encourage and promote women empowerment through women participation in parliament

پاکستان میں حدود کے نفاذ میں حائل رکاوٹیں اور ان کا حل اور مقننہ کی کاوشوں کا جائزہ: Obstacles to border enforcement in Pakistan and their resolution and review of legislative efforts

In Pakistan, the enforcement of laws pertaining to societal boundaries, commonly referred to as "hudood," poses significant obstacles and has been a subject of considerable debate and scrutiny. These laws, derived from Islamic jurisprudence, cover a range of offenses such as theft, adultery, and alcohol consumption, and are intended to maintain social order and morality within the framework of Islam. However, the implementation of these laws has encountered numerous hurdles, leading to various social, legal, and human rights challenges. One major challenge is the misinterpretation and misapplication of hudood laws, resulting in injustices, particularly against women and marginalized groups. Cases of false accusations, coercion, and misuse of power have been reported, leading to grave miscarriages of justice and undermining public trust in the legal system. Furthermore, inadequate legal infrastructure, including a lack of trained personnel and resources, hampers effective enforcement. Law enforcement agencies often struggle with issues such as corruption, inefficiency, and insufficient evidence-gathering mechanisms, which impede the proper execution of hudood laws. To address these challenges, concerted efforts are required at various levels. Firstly, there is a need for comprehensive legal reforms aimed at clarifying and modernizing hudood laws to align them with contemporary societal norms and human rights standards. This entails revisiting outdated statutes, eliminating discriminatory provisions, and ensuring procedural safeguards to prevent abuse. Additionally, enhancing legal awareness and education among law enforcement officials, judiciary, and the general public is crucial. Training programs should focus on promoting a deeper understanding of Islamic jurisprudence, human rights principles, and gender equality to facilitate fair and equitable implementation of laws. Moreover, strengthening institutional capacities and improving access to justice mechanisms are essential. This involves investing in the infrastructure, technology, and human resources necessary for effective law enforcement and judicial processes. Additionally, establishing specialized courts or tribunals dedicated to handling hudood cases can expedite proceedings and ensure specialized expertise. In conclusion, while the enforcement of hudood laws in Pakistan presents formidable challenges, concerted regulatory efforts focusing on legal reform, awareness-raising, and institutional strengthening can pave the way for more just and equitable implementation, ultimately contributing to the advancement of societal well-being and rule of law

EMERGENCE OF HELL IN THE WEST PAKISTAN-AFGHAN RELATIONS POST-9/11 ERA: Emergence of Hell in the West - Pakistan-Afghan Relations Post-9/11 Era

Since the emergence of Pakistan from the British India, the relations between the Afghanistan and Pakistan always detoriated due to various causes, such as insurgency from both sides, inference, crossborderig, blame gaming, Durand Line issue, Pashtoonistan issue, Language issue and many of other misunderstandings. This imperative study particularly shed light one the relations between the both countries during the post-9/11 era and explore how the both countries tried tried to develop the relations soon after the emergence of War on Terror in 2001, however, due to sum of misunderstandings these relations went worst. This research further explored the Pakistan’s initiating steps to develop the all-groups government in Afghanistan that failed, as well as high representatives visits of the both countries to develop the confedence between both the states, funneled the million of dollars to Afghanistan and other developments to enhance the relations. These all actions fall into hell due to insurgency and interventions from both sides

Information Security in Business: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Top Cited Articles

This study aims a bibliometric analysis of the 100 top-cited articles extracted from the Web of Science database on the topic of information security in the business context. A retrospective method was applied to the dataset extracted from the Web of Science Database. A total of 500 most cited items were downloaded and the authors selected the articles related to information security and business for further analysis. It was found that the top-cited papers were published between the years 1990 and 2018 and had received 3,375 citations. While most of the articles followed the three-author pattern, the single author pattern articles had received the maximum citation impact. Cybersecurity policies were recognized as the most researched topic and the majority of articles had been published in Quartile-1 journals. Furthermore, the majority (67%) of the articles were published in journals having impact factors ranging from 2.3 to 6.95. The Journal of Management Information System was found to top the list of most prolific journals with 13 articles. This study identifies the trends and patterns of research publications on information security in the business. This evaluation is likely to develop awareness in understanding the scope and coverage of information security from a business perspective. The findings of this study have highlighted the various parameters of highly cited articles on information security published during the last three decades. The results might support new researchers’ interest in information security in the context of businesses