The prevalence and related factors of low birth weight

Background and aims:The most common reason in neonatal mortality rate in the world is low birth weight (LBW). The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and related factors associated in birth weight in Garmsar, Iran in 2013. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 683 live births which delivered in Garmsar in 2013. The required information was collected by examining the health records of pregnant women and completion of the data registration forms. Data collection was controlled by using SPSSand analyzed by using an Independent T-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: According to the results, 32 infants out of 683 infants born in 2013 had low birth weight, i.e. the weight less than 2500g. LBW prevalence estimated in this study was 4.7. There were significant statistical relations between low birth weight and the variables including number of births, mothers’ occupation and interval of less than 3 years between pregnancies and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Conclusion: Although our results regarding LBW prevalence and risk factors confirm the results of other studies,it was recommended perspective studies to reconfirm the LBW risk factors

Disparity and trends in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in the world

Background: Lung Cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers in the international arena. The aim of this study was to investigate the geographical distribution of LC incidence and mortality in the world in 2012, as well as the trend of incidence and mortality of LC during 1975 to 2010 based on the gender. Material and methods: In the present study, we extracted the information on the incidence and mortality of LC in 184 countries from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (Project GLOBOCAN, 2012). The present study categorized and presented the information on the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of LC based on the continents, world regions based on the development level and Human Development Index (HDI). ASIR and ASMR of LC expressed per 100,000 people. Results: The highest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in North America (ASIR=38.3 and ASMR=28.6), more developed regions (ASIR=30.8 and ASMR=24.2), and the WPRO region of the WHO (ASIR=32.8 and ASMR=28.5), and those regions with very high HDI (ASIR=31 and ASMR=23.9). Furthermore, the lowest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in Africa (ASIR=5 and ASMR=4.5), the less developed regions (ASIR=20 and ASMR=18), the AFRO region (ASIR=3.9 and ASMR=3.5), and regions with low HDI (ASIR=5.4 and ASMR=4.8). Conclusion: The highest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in North America, more developed regions, and the WPRO region of the WHO, and those regions with very high HDI. Most regions of the world had decreasing incidence and mortality of LC in men and increasing trend in women

A Comprehensive Review on Risk Factors Affecting the Crash Severity

As a matter of growing machinery life, traffic crashes are considered an inevitable source of injuries and costs around the world. Regarding to increasing traffic accident outcomes, controlling the current status is necessary. In this way, identifying risk factors affecting the crash severity is an essential step toward initiating a convincing solution. The core objective of this study was to categorize the risk factors affecting the severity of crashes. Data needed for this study were gathered through searching Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases using the keywords included fatal and crash, injuries and crash, fatal and traffic accident, and injuries and traffic accident. Based on 83 selected studies for review, factors affecting the crash severity divided into five factors and forty-seven sub-factors. The most prevalent sub-factors were age, sex, safety belts, alcohol and drug use, speed, weather conditions, lighting conditions, time of the day and week, vehicle kind, road condition, collision type and crash location. Many risk factors affect crash severity and determination of the most important ones can be a prelude in reducing the effects. Therefore, the conclusion of this review can assist to traffic safety experts, police and contribute to distinguishing and monitoring the risk factors affecting crash severity transportation agencies

Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytocompatibility of Calcium Hypochlorite Solution as a Root Canal Irrigant: An in Vitro Investigation

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (SH) and calcium hypochlorite (CH) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis and also to compare their cytocompatibility on L929 murine fibroblasts using Mossman’s tetrazolium toxicity (MTT) assay. Methods and Materials: A broth micro-dilution susceptibility test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each irrigant against E. faecalis. Then, the root canals of 50 mature extracted human mandibular premolars were contaminated with E. faecalis and were randomly divided into three groups according to the irrigant used (n=20). Canals were irrigated with SH in group I (n=20) and CH in group II (n=20) at their obtained MIC. In group III (n=10), sterile saline was used. Microbial sampling was performed before and after biomechanical preparation. Quantitative PCR was used to quantify E. faecalis in the root canal samples. For cytocompatibility assessment, L929 murine fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of the irrigants. Results: Irrigation with test materials resulted in significant reduction in colony forming units (CFU) in post-instrumentation samples (with the MIC values of SH and CH against E. faecalis being 0.5% and 5%, respectively). However, the reduction in the normal saline group was not significant (P=0.203). In addition, 5% CH was more effective than 0.5% SH (P=0.006) in eliminating E. faecalis. Among the different concentrations of tested irrigants, 0.5% CH and 5% SH showed the least and the most cytotoxicity, respectively (P<0.001). The cytotoxicity of 5% CH and 0.5% SH was similar (P=0.99), and lower than 2.5% SH (P<0.001). Conclusion: CH at an MIC of 5% was effective in eliminating E. faecalis in planktonic state and also its biofilm and exhibited comparable cytocompatibility to that of 0.5% SH.Keywords: Calcium Hypochlorite; Enterococcus faecalis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Root Canal Irrigant; Sodium Hypochlorit

International epidemiology of liver cancer: geographical distribution, secular trends and predicting the future

Background: Liver cancer (LC) is ranked seventh common cancer in terms of the incidence; and third in terms of the mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the international distribution of the incidence and mortality of LC in 2012 based on various socio-economic and political divisions in the world. Material and methods: This study was conducted with the use of the incidence and mortality cancer data from GLOBOCAN Project in 2012. The Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of LC were expressed per 100,000 people. In the current report, we used Pearson correlation method to assess the correlation between ASIR and ASMR. Statistical significance was considered to be P<0.05. All P-values reported in this study are two-sided. Also, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 16.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: The highest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in Asia (ASIR=13.3 and ASMR=12.6), less developed regions (ASIR=12 and ASMR=11.5), and Western Pacific Region of WHO (ASIR=20.4 and ASMR=19.1), and those regions with medium HDI (ASIR=14.6 and ASMR=14.1). Furthermore, the lowest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in Europe (ASIR=4.3 and ASMR=3.9), the more developed regions (ASIR=5.4 and ASMR=4.6), the EURO region (ASIR=4.3 and ASMR=4), and regions with high HDI (ASIR=3.8 and ASMR=4.1). Conclusion: The highest ASIR and ASMR of LC occurred in regions with a medium HDI, in WPRO, less developed regions of the world and Asia. The incidence of LC had a very gentle upward trend in most regions of the world from 1975 to 2010

DFNB59 Gene Mutation Screening Using PCR-SSCP/HA Technique in Non-syndromic Genetic Hearing Loss in Bushehr Province

Background: Hearing impairment (HI) is the most prevalent Neurosensory disorder which is heterogenous and can also occur due to environmental causes. The majority of hearing deficiencies are of genetic origin affecting about 60% of the HI cases. A novel gene DFNB59 encodes pejvakin has been recently shown to cause deafness. This study aims to determine the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations in coding region the gene in Bushehr province. Methods: In this descriptive experimental study, we investigated the presence of DFNB59

Dampak Career Calling Terhadap Career Adaptability Dan Perceived Marketability Berdasarkan Career Construction Theory

Career calling didefinisikan sebagai perasaan dan hasrat penuh makna pada diri seseorang terhadap suatu profesi. Selain itu, career calling juga merupakan keinginan seseorang untuk berkontribusi kepada banyak orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 130 responden yang berprofesi sebagai dosen perguruan tinggi. Dosen merupakan profesi yang memberikan manfaat kepada banyak orang melalui mengajar dan pengabdian masyarakat. Studi ini menguji dampak career calling terhadap career adaptability dan perceived marketability berdasarkan career construction theory. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan metode PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa career calling memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap career adaptability dan career adaptability memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap perceived internal serta external marketability. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran career calling pada karier seseorang dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan career adaptability yang kemudian dapat memunculkan perceived internal maupun external marketability

Investigating Master Students’ Mental Models of Google Search Engine

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a major channel of getting information and using web search engines is the most popular way of accessing information. This study aims to investigate master students’ mental model completeness level of Google web search engine. From the methodological perspective, this research is a practical one based on survey method. The sample population consisted of 30 master students from Ferdowsi University in engineering science, humanity/social sciences selected purposefully and participated voluntarily. The main tools for gathering data are semi-structured interview (based on mental model completeness scale (Li 2007) and designed questions) and direct observation. The results demonstrated that 80% of students had incomplete mental models and 20% of them had good mental models and none of them showed a complete mental model. The majority of students’ perception was good in Specific/General Info, Multiple Type of Databases, Matching Process, Keyword Searching and Info Authority. The majority of students’ perception was moderate in Restricting/Broadening and Ranking/Sorting. But the majority of students’ perception was poor in Limited Info, Indexed Pages/Sites, Search Assistance, Boolean Operators, Search Operators and Prefixes, Punctuation and Symbols, Advanced Search and Search Setting. There was a significant difference between mental model completeness level and interactivity level. That is, the students having a better mental model showed better interactivity level. According to the findings, it is necessary to consider mental model as a factor affecting information seeking behavior, in designing information systems and training users too. Understanding users’ mental models reveal their errors, misconceptions and knowledge gaps, and by this pathology, it is possible to correct these faults and flaws and increase the effectiveness of the system and training

Evaluation of the flexural strength of orthodontic acrylic resin incorporated with propolis nanoparticles: an in vitro study

Aim: Nanopropolis has become the subject of interest in medicine and dentistry as a natural product due to its outstanding properties, particularly antimicrobial activity. This study aimed at investigating the effect of nanopropolis on flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Materials and methods: Three groups of two acrylic resin brands namely Acropars and Triplex containing 0 (control group), 0.5%, and 1% of nanopropolis were prepared in 64×10.0×3.3 mm according to ISO 20795-2 (2013). Fifteen samples were allocated to each concentration. Flexural strength was determined following immersion in water and incubation at 37°C for 50±2 hours using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5±1 mm/min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t-test. P<0.05 was set as statistical significance. Results: Control groups of Acropars and Triplex showed the highest mean flexural strength within their own group which both were higher than the recommended 50 MPa. The mean flexural strength of Triplex incorporated with 0.5 and 1% of nanopropolis was higher than that of Acropars with the same percentage. Conclusions: The mean flexural strength of Triplex remained above the recommended value of 50 MPa after incorporation of both 0.5 and 1% nanopropolis. However, that of Acropars dropped below it