The Strategy of Imitating Traditions and Customs in Contemporary Architextile

تعد الثقافة احد المؤثرات على نتاجات العمارة، فمن الشائع أن نقول ان العمارة هي مرآة للثقافة، كما ان اللغة والايماءات والنتاجات الفكرية تتأثر بالثقافة، فالعادات والتقاليد والاعراف لمجتمع معين تلعب دور مهم في بعض نتاجات العمارة، وهذه الجوانب الخفية من النتاجات المادية تخضع لتقاليد واعراف المجتمع الذي يتواجد فيه، ومثال على هذه النتاجات كانت "عمارة النسج"Architextile" التي شكلت جانب مهم من النتاج الحضاري الاول للإنسان ومنذ تكوينه لاؤلى المجتمعات البشرية، إذ هاجن الانسان بين تقاليد واعراف المجتمعات التي ينتمي اليها ومنتجه الابداعي وبدى ذلك جلياً في العمارة، يناقش البحث موضوع "استراتيجيات محاكاة التقاليد والاعراف" الذي برز في نتاجات معمارية مميزة للإنسان وعلى مر العصور، حيث تطرقت الكثير من الدراسات الى هذا النتاج لكن من جوانب متعددة و لم يُسلط الضوء على استراتيجية محاكاة الاعراف والتقاليد للمجتمعات التي تواجد فيها النتاج، ومن هنا برزت المشكلة البحثية "عدم شمولية الدراسات السابقة لدور استراتيجية محاكاة التقاليد والاعراف في تحقيق الابعاد الجمالية والوظيفية والادائية لعمارة النسج المعاصرة"، ومن ظهور المشكلة تم تحديد هدف البحث، واستناداً للدراسات السابقة (الادبية والتاريخية والمعمارية) تم "بناء اطار نظري شامل يوضح استراتيجية محاكاة التقاليد والاعراف ودورها في تحقيق الابعاد الجمالية والوظيفية والادائية لعمارة النسج المعاصرة"، وبلورة المفردات الرئيسة والثانوية وتطبيقها على المشاريع المنتخبة للدراسة العملية، ثم طرح وتحليل النتائج والاستنتاجات النهائية.Culture is one of the influences on the products of architecture. It is common to say that architecture is a mirror of culture, Language, gestures and intellectual products are influenced by culture, The customs, traditions of a given society play an important role in some products architecture, These hidden aspects of physical products are subject to the traditions and customs of the society in which they exist, An example of these products was the "Architextile", which constituted an important aspect of the human civilization's first production and since its creation to the human societies, as the human intertwined between the traditions and customs of the societies to which he belong and the product of his creations and is evident in architecture, The research discusses the subject of imitation strategies of traditions and customs", which has emerged in the distinctive architectural products of man and throughout the ages, Where many studies have touched on this output, but from many aspects, and did not shed light on the strategy of imitating the customs and traditions of the communities in which the production is located, Hence, the research problem emerged "the lack of comprehensiveness of previous studies of the role of the strategy of imitating traditions and customs in achieving the aesthetic, functional and performance dimensions of contemporary architextile, From the emergence of the research problem, the objective of the research was determined. Based on the previous studies (literary, historical and architectural), "a comprehensive theoretical framework was developed that illustrates the strategy of imitating traditions and customs and their role in achieving the aesthetic, functional and performance dimensions of contemporary architextile," The development of the main and secondary vocabulary, Then subtract and analyze the final findings and conclusions

Syntheses, Structures and Biological Activity of Some Schiff Base Metal Complexes

اربع معقدات قاعدة شف ثنائية النواة جديدة [(MCl2)2L] = M} Fe (1), (2) Co, Cu (3), Sn (4) { ليكاند = 1,4-ثنائي فنيلين (ميثان دايين) ثنائي(ايثان ثنائي امين). حضرت بطريقة التفاعل المباشر بين اليكاند وعدد من هاليدات الفلزات. الصيغ التركيبية للمركبات اثبتت من خلال عدد من التقنيات الطيفية مكيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي وطيف الكتلة. حددت الفعالية الحيوية للمركبات تجاه عدد من العزلات البكتيرية السالبة والموجبة الغرام مثل العصية القولونية, الزوائف, العصيات, المكورات العنقودية, المسبحات العنقودية.Four new binuclear Schiff base metal complexes [(MCl2)2L] {M = Fe 1, Co 2, Cu 3, Sn 4, L = N,N’-1,4-Phenylenebis (methanylylidene) bis (ethane-1,2-diamine)} have been synthesized using direct reaction between proligand (L) and the corresponding metal chloride (FeCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2 and SnCl2). The structures of the complexes have been conclusively determined by a set of spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectra). Finally, the biological properties of the complexes have been investigated with a comparative approach against different species of bacteria (E. coli G-, Pseudomonas G-, Bacillus G+, Staphylococcus G+, and Streptococcus G+)

Carbon bridged biphenolate ligands in rare earth chemistry

Rare earth biphenolate species have become an increasingly studied series of complexes, owing to the diversity they offer over mononuclear aryloxide complexes, as well as their efficacy as catalysts and initiators in a range of organic transformations and polymerisation reactions. Compared to monodentate aryloxide ligands, biphenolate ligand systems are still in their infancy in rare earth coordination chemistry. In their limited use, the ligand 2,2 '-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (mbmpH(2)) has been a popular candidate. This review aims to highlight the chemistry that has been explored thus far with these carbon bridged lanthanoid biphenolate systems

Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) evokes endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of rat aorta: Involvement of the cAMP and cGMP pathways

Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is widely used in traditional remedies and cuisine of countries of the Mediterranean as well as Central and South-West Asia. Administration of sumac to experimental models and patients with diverse pathological conditions generates multifaceted propitious effects, including the quality as a vasodilator. Together, the effects are concertedly channeled toward cardiovasobolic protection. However, there is paucity of data on the mechanism of action for sumac’s vasodilatory effect, an attribute which is considered to be advantageous for unhealthy circulatory system. Accordingly, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which sumac elicits its vasorelaxatory effects. We deciphered the signaling networks by application of a range of pharmacological inhibitors, biochemical assays and including the quantification of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. Herein, we provide evidence that an ethanolic extract of sumac fruit, dose-dependently, relaxes rat isolated aorta. The mechanistic effect is achieved via stimulation of multiple transducers namely PI3-K/Akt, eNOS, NO, guanylyl cyclase, cGMP, and PKG. Interestingly, the arachidonic acid pathway (cyclooxygenases), adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and ATP-dependent potassium channels appear to partake in this sumac-orchestrated attenuation of vascular tone. Clearly, our data support the favorable potential cardio-vasculoprotective action of sumac

Effect of Mentha piperita mint water extracts in inhibiting the growth of some pathogenic fungi

The aim of the study was to study the effect of the mineral extract of Munthapiperita in the growth of fungus Rhizoctoniasolani, Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusterreus , Fusariumoxysporum, Fusariumoxysporumf. sp. (100%)  , 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results showed the efficacy of the mint extract of the mint plant in inhibiting the growth of fungi and was the highest inhibition when using 100% concentration. Especially after 3,2.1 days of growth. We did not notice that solaniRhizoctonia was affected by the extract, especially after the incubation period of 7,6,5,4 days

POTENTIAL ROLE OF HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS AGAINST DIABETES INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION IN RATS

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Haematococcus pluvialis extract against oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines induced by hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.Methods: Oxidative stress; lipid peroxide (as presented by Malondialdehyde; MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), beside total antioxidant capacity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were evaluated. The inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta were also investigated in rats' serum. Several analyses including expression of antioxidant enzyme related genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA adducts were performed.Results: The results showed that diabetes mellitus induced-rats exhibited increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines, lower expression levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes; superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase than those in control rats. In addition, diabetic rats exhibited significantly higher levels of ROS generation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation. In contrary, supplementation of diabetic rats with H. pluvialis extract improved the negative effect of the hyperglycemia on antioxidant enzymes, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and ROS generation as well as 8-OHdG formation.Conclusion: H. pluvialis extract decreased the oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidant status and inflammatory cytokines induced by hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. The effect of H. pluvialis extract involved in the increase of expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes; decreased the levels of ROS generation and 8-OHdG formation which may be attributed to the presence of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis extract.Keywords: Haematococcus pluvialis, Hyperglycemia, Diabetes mellitus, Oxidative stress, Inflammatory cytokines, DNA adducts

Lanthanoid Biphenolates as a Rich Source of Lanthanoid-Main Group Heterobimetallic Complexes

Several new trivalent dinuclear rare earth 2,2’-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate) (mbmp²¯) complexes with the general form [Ln₂(mbmp)₃(thf)n] (Ln=Sm 1, Tb 2 (n=3), and Ho 3, Yb 4 (n=2), and a tetravalent cerium complex [Ce(mbmp)₂(thf)₂] (5) have been synthesised by RTP (redox transmetallation/protolysis) reactions from lanthanoid metals, Hg(C₆F₅)₂ and the biphenol mbmpH₂. These new complexes and some previously reported partially protonated rare earth biphenolate complexes [Ln(mbmp)(mbmpH)(thf)n] react with lithium, aluminium, potassium and zinc organometallic reagents to form lanthanoid-main group heterobimetallic species. When reaction mixtures containing the Ln biphenolate complexes were treated with n-butyllithium, both molecular ([Li(thf)₂Ln(mbmp)₂(thf)n] (Ln=La 6, Pr 7 (n=2) and Er 8, Yb 9, and Lu 10 (n=1)) and charge separated ([Li(thf)₄][Ln(mbmp)₂(thf)₂] (Ln=Y 11, Sm 12, Dy 13, and Ho 14) complexes were isolated. Treatment with trimethylaluminium also led to isolation of molecular ([AlMe₂Ln(mbmp)₂(thf)₂] (Ln=Pr 15, Sm 16, and Tb 17)) and ionic [La(mbmp)(thf)₅][AlMe₂(mbmp)] (18) complexes. One gadolinium-potassium ([K(thf)₃Gd(mbmp)₂(thf)₂] (19)), and one ytterbium-zinc species ([ZnEtYb(mbmp)₂(thf)] (20)) were isolated from treatment of reaction mixtures with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and diethylzinc respectively

Production of Cold-Active Lipase by Free and Immobilized Marine Bacillus cereus HSS: Application in Wastewater Treatment

Lipases are enzymes that have the potential to hydrolyze triacylglycerol to free fatty acids and glycerol and have various applications. The aim of the present study was to isolate and screen marine bacteria for lipase production, optimize the production, and treat wastewater. A total of 20 marine bacterial isolates were obtained from the Mediterranean Sea and were screened for lipase production. All isolates were found to have lipolytic ability. The differences between the isolates were studied using RAPD-PCR. The most promising lipase producer (isolate 3) that exhibited the highest lipolytic hydrolysis (20 mm) was identified as Bacillus cereus HSS using 16S rDNA analysis and had the accession number MF581790. Optimization of lipase production was carried out using the Plackett–Burman experimental design with cotton seed oil as the inducer under shaking conditions at 10°C. The most significant factors that affected lipase production were FeSO4, KCl, and oil concentrations. By using the optimized culture conditions, the lipase activity increased by 1.8-fold compared with basal conditions. Immobilization by adsorption of cells on sponge and recycling raised lipase activity by 2.8-fold compared with free cells. The repeated reuse of the immobilized B. cereus HSS maintained reasonable lipase activity. A trial for the economic treatment of oily wastewater was carried out. Removal efficiencies of biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and oil and grease were 87.63, 90, and 94.7%, respectively, which is promising for future applications

Perirenal Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Novel Insights Linking Metabolic Dysfunction to Renal Diseases

A healthy adipose tissue (AT) is indispensable to human wellbeing. Among other roles, it contributes to energy homeostasis and provides insulation for internal organs. Adipocytes were previously thought to be a passive store of excess calories, however this view evolved to include an endocrine role. Adipose tissue was shown to synthesize and secrete adipokines that are pertinent to glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as inflammation. Importantly, the obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion stimulates a plethora of signals capable of triggering an inflammatory response. These inflammatory manifestations of obese AT have been linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, and proposed to evoke obesity-induced comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic disorders, characterized by AT inflammation and accumulation around organs may eventually induce organ dysfunction through a direct local mechanism. Interestingly, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), surrounding the kidney, influences renal function and metabolism. In this regard, PRAT emerged as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is even correlated with CVD. Here, we review the available evidence on the impact of PRAT alteration in different metabolic states on the renal and cardiovascular function. We present a broad overview of novel insights linking cardiovascular derangements and CKD with a focus on metabolic disorders affecting PRAT. We also argue that the confluence among these pathways may open several perspectives for future pharmacological therapies against CKD and CVD possibly by modulating PRAT immunometabolism.This work was supported by AUB-Faculty of Medicine Medical Practice Plan Grant #320148 and an AUB President Collaborative Research Stimulus Grant to AE-Y