Treatment Protocol for Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Growing Patients

Maxillary deficiency in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion can be treated by either extraoral or intraoral appliances. Extraoral appliances include face mask, reverse chin cup, reverse headgear, and protraction headgear. Intraoral appliances include tongue appliance, fixed tongue appliance, tongue plate, Frankel III, miniplate in combination with Class III elastics, and miniscrew in combination with Class III elastics. Herein, we demonstrate our experience and treatment results in these patients

Comparative Evaluation of Ultraviolet and Visible Light Transmittance through Prescriptive Ophthalmic Minus Lenses

Background: Wearing spectacles is the most common approach in correcting the refractive errors worldwide. Due to harmful effects of overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiations, the usage of multi-layer coatings in ophthalmic lenses has recently been increased. These lenses can reduce the reflections and hence increase the transmission of visible light; they can also decrease the transmission of ultraviolet rays. This study aims to compare the transmission of ultraviolet (A and B) and visible rays through coated and uncoated prescriptive ophthalmic plastic lenses.Materials and Methods: In this study, 39 minus non-photochromic multi-coated white plastic single-vision lenses; 9 similar lenses but without any coatings were assessed by spectral transmittancemeter for evaluation of the transmission of visible and ultraviolet rays.Results: The transmission of visible light was 97.9%±1.07% for coated lenses and 93.5%±0.54% for lenses without coating. Ultraviolet-A transmission was 12.15%±8.02% for coated lenses compared to 66.27%±23.92% in lenses without coating. The transmission of ultraviolet-B rays was 1.21%±0.4% and 23.0%±15.97% for lenses with and without coatings, respectively.Conclusion: The transmission of visible light was significantly higher in multi-coated lenses compared to uncoated samples; whereas the transmissions of ultraviolet rays in multi-coated lenses were significantly lower than uncoated ones. Therefore, it is recommended that, except for particular cases, prescribed lenses be equipped with this multi-layer coating

Assessing Moral Skills in General and Post-Graduate Dental Students in the Southeast of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the level of moral skills in dental students and residents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on dental students and residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, selected by census sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist (age, gender, marital status, educational level (before basic sciences, after basic sciences, residency), and Moral skills inventory questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a T-test and multiple regression analysis at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The total score of the moral skills questionnaire was about 44 out of 80, and there was no difference between males and females in moral skills (p=0.79). However, there was a significant difference in moral sensitivity between married and single students (p=0.036). Residents gained significantly higher moral integrity scores than students (p=0.046). Conclusion: The study highlights that the level of professional moral skills in Kerman dental students and residents was acceptable. Single students got higher scores in the moral sensitivity domain, although residents got the highest scores in the moral integrity domain. There was no significant correlation between gender and the level of moral skills

The Relationship between Career Plateau and Job Burnout among Employees of Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2012

Background: Workforce reaches the plateau in its career after which job promotion is less probable.The present study aimed to study the relationship between career plateau and job burnout among employees of teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2012. The statistical population was the financial and administrative workers of teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done through the stratified appraoch. Data collection was done through questionnaires on career plateau and job burnout that their validity and relieability had already been confirmed. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, ANOVA, t-test) through SPSS19. Results: Career plateau rate was relatively high, while the rate of job burnout and its components were moderate. There was a significant correlation (r= 0.408) between career plateau and job burnout (P<0.001). The results also show that career plateau and job burnout are significantly related with employees age group, their educational degree and work experience. Conclusions: Regarding the high rate of career plateau in this study, hospital administrators should recruit basic strategies such as education, structural flexibility, identification of competent staff, job enrichment and motivation to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of their human resources

Mechanical Behavior of Single-Flawed Cylindrical Specimens Subjected to Axial Loading: A Numerical Investigation

Discontinuities are inherent components of rock masses and can range from fissures to large faults. Single fissures, the so-called flaws, may affect the mechanical behavior of rock mass, crack initiation, and propagation. In this paper, numerical investigations have been conducted on central-flawed cylindrical specimens subjected to axial loading to investigate the effect of flaw angle (α), length (2a), and aperture (A) on their mechanical behavior and crack development. Particle Flow Code (PFC3D) was adopted to investigate the cracking process of the cylindrical specimens and maximum principal stresses at flaw tips. The numerical models are calibrated and verified using extensive experimental tests. The results show that increasing α, UCS, and E increase while increasing 2a decreases UCS and E, and A does not affect these two parameters. Moreover, numerical simulations reveal that as α rises, the three principal stresses generally fall when 2a = 13 and 26 mm. σ1 and σ3 peak at α = 45°, and σ2 reaches a maximum at α = 30° in models with 2a = 39 mm. The cracking patterns resulting from both methods are highly consistent in that tensile cracks type 1 mainly form at α = 15° to 75°, and tensile cracks type 3 are dominant at other angles. Finally, it is concluded that flaw aperture scarcely affects failure patterns

Tensile Behavior of Layered Rock Disks under Diametral Loading: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

The Tensile Strength and Cracking Behavior of Layered Rocks in a Tensile Stress Field Are One of the Most Significant Characteristics of Rock Masses, Which May Strongly Affect the Stability of Rock Structures. the Study Presented Here Investigated the Effect of Layer Spacing and Inclination Angle on the Indirect Tensile Strength, Crack Development, Failure Pattern, and Contact Force Chain of Layered Disks under Diametral Loading using Experimental and Numerical Investigations. Numerous Experimental Models Made from Plaster Were Examined under Diametral Loading, and a Two-Dimensional Particle Flow Code (PFC2D) Was Adopted for in Depth Simulation of the Failure Process. Both Numerical and Experimental Results Were Found to Be in Great Agreement and Showed that the Increase in the Layer Orientation Up to 15° Results in the Peak in the Tensile Strength Followed by a Decrease. Specimens with the Spacing Ratio (SR) of 0.5 and 0.1 Showed the Highest and Lowest Tensile and Compressive Stresses at the Disk Center, respectively. Moreover, the Numerical Analysis Indicated the Formation of Three Failure Pattern Types: TL, PB, and TL-PB. Tensile Cracks Mainly Formed in the Direction of Diametral Loading, and their Maximum Number Formed at 15° and SR = 0.5. Additionally, the Shear Ones Formed in a Conjugate System and Had Negligible Numbers. the Analysis of the Contact Force Chain Showed that the Layers Do Not Affect the Compressive Force Chain at Α \u3c 45° But at Higher Angles, the Stronger Layers Transfer Compressive Force. However, when Α Ranges from 0° to 30°, Tensile Forces Are Distributed in Stronger Layers, and with an Increase in Α, the Concentration of These Forces in These Layers Diminishes and the Forces Are Reoriented in the Direction of Diametral Loading

The Innovations of Rhazes (854-925 AD) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases Azam Khosravi

زمینه و هدف: شناخت نقش و عملکرد کلیه در حفظ حیات انسان همواره یکی از دغدغه‌های پزشکان اعصار مختلف بوده است. هدف تحقیق حاضر، بررسی نوآوری‌های زکریای رازی، در تشخیص و درمان بیماری‌های کلیوی و مطابقت آن‌ها با مطالب مندرج در کتب حکیمان بعد از وی و دانش طب مدرن است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری و کتابخانه‌ای، نظرات مستقل رازی در زمینه پژوهش، در جلد دهم کتاب الحاوی فی الطب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس با تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به دست‌آمده از این کتاب با سایر داده‌های مرتبط از مقالات دیگر که با جستجو واژگان کلیدی نظیر رازی، کلیه، سنگ کلیه، احتباس ادرار، طب ایرانی، در بانک‌های اطلاعاتی مانند SID، Civilivca، PubMed، Ovid، Magiran، UpToDate، Google Scholar به دست آمده بودند، مطالب جمع‌بندی شد. یافته‌ها: رازی نظراتی بدیع در تشخیص افتراقی، انواع بیماری‌های کلیوی مانند افتراق سنگ کلیه از قولنج ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین نوآورهای وی در درمان مانند اختراع سوند منعطف در احتباس ادراری، از جمله نظرات مستقل وی در این زمینه است. نتیجه‌گیری: رازی در زمینه تشخیص و درمان بیماری‌های کلیوی، نظراتی را ارائه می‌دهد که نه‌تنها پزشکان قبل از او به این موارد اشاره نکرده‌اند، بلکه حکمای بعد از او، از این مطالب در کتب خود استفاده نموده‌اند و برخی از دیدگاه‌های وی نیز با یافته‌های طب مدرن مطابقت دارد.Background and Aim:&nbsp;Recognizing the role and function of the kidney in preserving human life has always been one of the concerns of different age practitioners. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the innovations of Rhazes in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases and their correspondence with the contents of the sages' books after him and modern medicine. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;In this review and library study, Rhazes independent research ideas were examined in Hawi fi al-Tibb book. Then by analyzing the information obtained from this book with other relevant data from other articles by searching for keywords like razi, kidney, kidney stone, urinary retention, Iranian medicine, in databases such as SID, Civilivca, PubMed Ovid, Magiran, UpToDate, Google Scholar were obtained. Findings:&nbsp;Rhazes offers novel ideas in the differential diagnosis of various kidney diseases such as kidney stones and colic. Also, his innovations in treatment, such as the invention of a flexible urethral catheter, include his independent views on the subject. Conclusion:&nbsp;Rhazes offers an opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease that not only physicians have not mentioned before but also the scholars after him have used this material in their books and some His views are also consistent with the findings of modern medicine. &nbsp; Please cite this article as:&nbsp;Khosravi A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Haghverdi F, Tavan B. The Innovations of Rhazes (854-925 AD) in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2019; 11(38): 111-120

Intravenous Acetaminophen vs. Ketorolac in Terms of Pain Management in Prehospital Emergency Services: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Although pain management in EDs has been fully addressed in clinical trials, prehospital settings have rarely been investigated.&nbsp;Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of intravenous acetaminophen with that of ketorolac in pre-hospital pain control.&nbsp;Method: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) was performed at a prehospital setting during EMS missions in Tehran, Iran. The eligible candidates comprised all patients over the age of 7 years with a complaint of moderate to severe pain. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving 30 mg of intravenous (IV) ketorolac and the other 1 g of IV acetaminophen. The pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) before administering the analgesic and upon admission to the ED.&nbsp;Results: The present study was conducted on 150 patients aged 8-81 years with a mean age of 40.4 ± 17.7, including 84 (56%) males. The mean reduction in the pain score was 14.9±8.6 in the acetaminophen group and 16.0±8.8 in the ketorolac group. Univariate analyses suggested no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of delta pain score (pain reduction) (P=0.429).&nbsp;Conclusion: Based on the obtained findings, both ketorolac and acetaminophen could be administered for pain management in prehospital settings in both traumatic and non-traumatic patients in case their contraindications are considered

Assessing Moral Skills in General and Post-Graduate Dental Students in the Southeast of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the level of moral skills in dental students and residents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on dental students and residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, selected by census sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist (age, gender, marital status, educational level (before basic sciences, after basic sciences, residency), and Moral skills inventory questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a T-test and multiple regression analysis at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The total score of the moral skills questionnaire was about 44 out of 80, and there was no difference between males and females in moral skills (p=0.79). However, there was a significant difference in moral sensitivity between married and single students (p=0.036). Residents gained significantly higher moral integrity scores than students (p=0.046). Conclusion: The study highlights that the level of professional moral skills in Kerman dental students and residents was acceptable. Single students got higher scores in the moral sensitivity domain, although residents got the highest scores in the moral integrity domain. There was no significant correlation between gender and the level of moral skills

Prevalence of Depression and Personality Disorders in the Beginning and End of Emergency Medicine Residency Program; a Prospective Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Emergency medicine physicians are constantly under psychological trauma due to encountering critically ill patients, mortality, and violence, which can negatively affect their mental and physical health. The present study was performed with the aim of determining the rate of depression and personality disorders in first-year emergency medicine residents and comparing it with the time they reach the 3rd year. Methods: In the present prospective cross-sectional study, emergency medicine residents working in multiple teaching hospitals were included via census method and evaluated regarding the rate of depression and personality disorders using the standard MMPI-2 questionnaire upon admission to the program and graduation and their status regarding the evaluated disorders were compared between the 2 phases of evaluation. Results: 99 residents with the mean age of 33.93 ± 5.92 years were evaluated. 85 (85.85%) rated their interest in their discipline as moderate to high. The rates of stress (p = 0.020), anxiety (p < 0.001), and hypomania (p = 0.015) had significantly increased during the 3 years and psychasthenia rate had decreased significantly during this time (p = 0.002). Changes in the prevalence of other disorders on the third year compared to the year of admission to emergency medicine program were not significant. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study, it seems that paying more attention to mental problems and decreasing environmental stressors of medical residents, especially emergency medicine residents, should be among the priorities of managers and policymakers of this discipline