STUDYING OF SAFETY CLIMATE ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY AT STEEL INDUSTRY

Evolution of safety climate used as a practical means has determined and assessed potential problems relevant to safety issues in an organization and can be used in individuals’ performance and work efficiency and decreasing rate of incidents ;as well as; guidance to provide safety organization policy and comparison of safety performance in different organizations. The study wants to determine and prepare safety climate profile and application of its results in improving safety situation. In this study, applied tools presented by Loughborough University are used to evaluate safety climate in one of steel industries and data is collected through questionnaire, group discussions or purposeful interviews and observations, and safety climate score was obtained in 17 scopes. Calculating the score of each safety climate domain and preparing the profile indicated there is the average rate (4.89 2) in the safety climate of the industry.safety climate, safety evaluation,safety culture, steel industry, Iran

Evaluation of Some Organic Inhibitors for Stainless Steel Corrosion Using Different Electrochemical and Surface Techniques

Stainless steels have been extensively used in automotive, industrial, electronics, etc., applications. Iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) are the main elements with weight percentage contribution of 60-75% and 10-25% respectively. Other elements, such as Ni, Co, Mo, Mn, C etc. are also present with variable concentrations. The purpose of this work is to use different electrochemical and surface techniques to study the corrosion behavior of stainless steel type 316 (percent composition of different chemical elements are listed in table 1) in acid media in presence and absence of different thiophene derivatives (list of inhibitors in figure 1). Moreover, other important goals were to study the effect of adding chloride ion to the acidic media on the corrosion behavior of stainless steel, protection efficiency of ihibitors studied, and to determine the temperature coefficient and the adsorption isotherm of the inhibitor on the stainless steel type 316. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, Tafel experiments, polarization resistance and electrochemical spectroscopy were used to evaluate the effect of the inhibitors on the corrosion of stainless steel type 316. Surface analyses were employed to study the surface morphology and structural analysis of the surface using scanning electron microscope(SEM), Fourier Transform infrared(FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction techniques EDAX. The results showed distinct effects for the different inhibitors used that depend on the molecular structure and the electron density on the sulfur atom of the thiophene ring. The order of inhibition efficiency was 2-thiophene carboxylic hydrazide \u3e 2-thiophene carboxylic acid \u3e 3- thiophene caroxaldhyde \u3e 2-acetyl thiophene. It was concluded that the inhibitors studied were of the mixed type. The adsorption pattern for the inhibitors at the stainless steel surface followed a Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were calculated. It was concluded that a thin layer of inhibitor is formed at the surface of steel preventing the corrosion of the specimen in the acid medium. It was also suggested that anchoring of the sulfur atom of the thiophene ring to the surface of the stainless steel takes place that allowed a blanket of the inhibitor molecule to cover the surface. Surface reflectance FT-IR proved the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule at the stainless steel surface. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the presence of inhibitor protected the surface of the stainless steel against pitting in chloride-containing sulfuric acid electrolyte

Patterns of Verb Complementation in Pakistani English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the verb complementation patterns, and their frequencies and distributions, in Pakistani English. The data has been taken from The Pakistani Written English (PWE), comprising a sample of 1,867 sentences taken randomly but proportionately from different sentence categories formed on the basis of number of words. The PWE is a corpus of written Pakistani English having 29 different written text categories, 1,477 files, and 2,119,626 words. Keeping in mind the different verb complementation patterns mentioned by Greenbaum and Quirk (1990), Quirk et al. (1972 and 1985) and Greenbaum (1995), the researcher has manually analyzed the complementation patterns of all the verbs in the data and then calculated each pattern’s frequency and distribution. The findings reveal that Pakistani English uses various verb complementation patterns and that certain patterns are used much more frequently than the others. It was concluded that, as is the nature of language, Pakistani English has internal variations according to the local cultural values, and has also external variations if the findings are compared with the same as explored by Altenberg (1993) in the British English. Keywords: corpus, verb complementatio

The performance of soft computing techniques on content-based SMS spam filtering

Content-based filtering is one of the most widely used methods to combat SMS (Short Message Service) spam. This method represents SMS text messages by a set of selected features which are extracted from data sets. Most of the available data sets have imbalanced class distribution problem. However, not much attention has been paid to handle this problem which affect the characteristics and size of selected features and cause undesired performance. Soft computing approaches have been applied successfully in content-based spam filtering. In order to enhance soft computing performance, suitable feature subset should be selected. Therefore, this research investigates how well suited three soft computing techniques: Fuzzy Similarity, Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are for content-based SMS spam filtering using an appropriate size of features which are selected by the Gini Index metric as it has the ability to extract suitable features from imbalanced data sets. The data sets used in this research were taken from three sources: UCI repository, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) and British English SMS. The performance of each of the technique was compared in terms of True Positive Rate against False Positive Rate, F1 score and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that SVM with 150 features outperformed the other techniques in all the comparison measures. The average time needed to classify an SMS text message is a fraction of a millisecond. Another test using NUS SMS corpus was conducted in order to validate the SVM classifier with 150 features. The results again proved the efficiency of the SVM classifier with 150 features for SMS spam filtering with an accuracy of about 99.2%

PRACTICE TEACHING PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOURCES: REFLECTION OF YEMENI EFL STUDENT TEACHERS

The aim of this study is to investigate the major sources of EFL student teacher’s (STs’) problems of teaching practice (PT) and the main problems associated to the major sources. The target group consists of 50 STs majoring in English from the College of Education of Seiyun University, Yemen. The data of the study is collected using writing journals, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview. The problems included in the questionnaire are extracted from the entries of the writing journals and then classified into seven sources: 1) Student teachers, 2) pupils, 3) textbook, 4) school principal, 5) cooperating teacher, 6) school environment, and 7) gap between theory and practice. Results reveal that the first major source of the STs’ problems is the school environment, followed by gap between theory and practice. The third source of the problems is the pupils. The school environment, as revealed by the study, causes problems such as lack of teaching aids, large number of students, frequent cutoffs of electricity supply, and difficulty of arranging various activities in the classroom. On the other hand, the main problems related to the source of gap between theory and practice include difficulty of applying theories taught at the college, uselessness of literature courses taught at the college and feeling shock about the reality of teaching. Under the third source which is the pupils, the study asserts several main problems such as pupils’ heavy dependence on their teacher, their negative attitudes towards learning English, their weakness in English, and their habit of coming to the class unprepared.

Power transformers – global market analysis: Capacity additions and aging infrastructure driving the growth

Global market for power transformers above 100 kV reached $18 billion in 2016. APAC region has the largest demand for power transformers, with China, India and Indonesia leading the market. Following APAC is the Americas market, with USA leading in terms of the market size owing to grid replacements and renewable integration. In EMEA, strong growth is driven by GCC countries and Sub-Saharan Africa owing to increased demand

A Revolution of Biomaterials in Medical Sciences

Biomaterial science discusses diagnostics and therapeutics; it encloses the basic sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, and Mathematics), medical sciences, and engineering sciences. The Biomaterials field has noticed a revolutionary growth since the application of old medical devices used in the late 1940s and early 1050s.1 This field progressed with the industrial revolution, increasing population, advances in medical health, luxurious life standards, and previously untreatable medical conditions that caused dire health crises to humanity. Right after World War II, the scientists started working on the biomaterials by dint off. Biomedicals experienced a revolutionary generation with an average gap of 10-20 years approximately.The first-generation biomaterials era is supposed to be between the 1950s–1960s. These materials were mainly used for industrial purposes rather than being specifically used for medical purposes. They were merely the conjugation of physical properties particular to use in the clinical field and also because they were bioinert, that is why they thought to be biocompatible.2 The extensively used silicone rubbers and elastomeric polymers were prototypical. Pyrolytic carbon was synthesized in the early 1960s as a material used for fuel-related components like fuel particles. But today, it is widely used to coat the mechanical heart valves, they are considered to be the earliest biomaterials whose properties and composition were analyzed thoroughly by using the principles of engineering.3The second-generation biomaterials are evolved from previous biomaterials that were designed to show a therapeutic effect after being implanted in human tissues. In the 1980s these biomaterials were extensively used in dental, orthopedic, ocular surgeries. In the controlled localized drugs release applications like Norplant hormone-loaded contraceptive formulations, and in other devices like HeartMate, a device that is used to assist left ventricle in patients who have congestive heart failure. This aforementioned device is internally composed of Polyurethane, a material that controls a thrombotic pathology to reduce the risk of de-adhering fractions of blood clots into the bloodstream of patients. Drug-eluting endovascular stents is another exemplary precedent of the second-generation biomaterials used in medical devices that helps in controlling the restenosis following balloon angioplasty.4,5The third and the most revolutionary generation of biomaterials elicits the novel art of science and technology, that are bestowed with the goal of regeneration of functional human tissues. Throughout the medical history of humans, medical scientists, physicians were unable to restore and regenerate the infected tissues and organs of humans. The role of the physician was very palliative – relieving symptoms without curing. The boom in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering broke all previous stereotypes by replacing the infected tissues and organs with implants. As we can see now these both medical domains are widely being used in therapeutics. The term tissue engineering is a broad concept that inter-relates the biomedical, engineering, medical sciences principles simultaneously.6 The advances in hip joint prosthesis are another precedent of the third generation of biomaterials, they are fabricated from a plethora of materials like titanium, composites, ceramics, Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, and special high strength alloys. The contemporary Intraocular lenses which are made from a biopolymer named Polymethyl methacrylate have also played a tremendous role in treating and correcting vision problems, Per-Ingvar Branemark revolutionized the dental implantology by introducing the development of roots from titanium, an applaudable use of Polyethylene terephthalate and Polytetrafluoroethylene in dialysis machine also helped medical practitioners in treating kidneys diseases, the suturing techniques uses biomaterials mainly Polyglactin, Polypropylene, Polydioxanone, etc. also helping the surgeons in vascular and skin grafting of patients and the list does not end here. Almost everything that we use in our daily life is the contemporary blessings of biomaterials.