ACTIVE CONTROL OF BUILDING STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO WIND LOADS.

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Studenters syn på tågturismupplevelser genom Interrail

This study aims to study the concept of Interrail and its importance for students' train journeys when it comes to students' portraits of train tourism. The empirical data has been collected through a qualitative method. The implementation of the method has been done through semi-structured interviews with college/ university students. The theoretical material is based on Lena Mossberg and Monica Hanefors (2007) reasoning on Storytelling, as well as Scott A. Cohen, Girish Prayag and Miguel Moital (2013) reasoning on consumer betting.  The results show that the Interrail concept is based on six steps which is 1, freedom. 2, flexibility. 3, value. 4, connection. 5, comfort. 6, support. Interrail offers an adventure element but also at the same time a safety element. The traveler knows that they have their ticket, they know where it is valid and for how long. If the traveler's intention is to travel around several countries, Global Pass is the best option. On the other hand, if the traveler only wants to visit a particular country, One Country Pass is the best option. Train tourism gives students the chance to experience different landscapes and villages, something that air travel does not provide the opportunity for. In addition, train tourism gives students an option to leave everyday life aside and have more freedom. Trains as a travel option give students the chance to experience Europe in a new way. By visiting several different cities, cultures and enjoying different landscapes, train tourism creates an educational experience for young people to reflect on their life.Denna studie syftar till att studera konceptet med Interrail och dess betydelse för studenters tågresor när det kommer till studenters porträtt av tågturism. Det empiriska datamaterialet har samlat in genom en kvalitativ metod. Genomförandet av metoden har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med högskola/ universitet studenter i åldrarna 22 till 25 år. Det teoretiska materialet bygger på Lena Mossberg och Monica Hanefors (2007) resonemang om Storytelling samt Scott A. Cohen, Girish Prayag och Miguel Moital (2013) resonemang om konsumentbeteende.  Resultatet visar på att Interrail koncept bygger på sex steg vilket är 1, frihet. 2, flexibilitet. 3, värde. 4, anslutning. 5, komfort. 6, support. Interrail erbjuder ett äventyrselement samtidigt som det ger ett säkerhetselement. Resenären vet att de har sin biljett, de vet var den är giltig och hur länge. Om resenärens avsikt är att åka runt i flera länder, är Global Pass det bästa alternativet. Å andra sidan om resenären bara vill besöka ett visst land, är One Country Pass det bästa alternativet. Tågturismen ger studenter möjlighet att uppleva olika landskap och byar något som flygresor inte ger möjligheten till. Dessutom ger tågturismen studenter ett alternativ att lämna det vardagliga livet åt sidan och ha mer frihet. Tåg som resealternativ ger studenter chansen att uppleva Europa på ett nytt sätt. Genom att besöka flera olika städer, kulturer och njuta av olika landskap skapar tågturism en lärorik upplevelse för ungdomar att reflektera över sitt liv

Hur fritidsaktiviteter formar ungdomars identitet

This study aims to seek an understanding of how leisure activities shape young adults' identity by conducting a comparative study between young adults who come from households with different socio-economic conditions. This study also focuses on the factors that play a role in how young adults choose to spend their spare time and how the shaping of young adults' identities takes place through it. The empirical data has been collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with young adults from affluent and deprived areas aged 17–18. The participants have shared thoughts about leisure activities and youth culture, among other things. This study is based on Erving Goffman's theory about dramaturgy and Bourdieu's theories of capital, habitus and field.  The study's results show that there is a clear difference in how young adults from different areas spend their spare time. The results show that young people from affluent areas think that it is important to stay busy in a leisure activity such as handball, hockey and football and it was clear that team sports are a popular trend. A popular trend that was seen among young people from socio-economically disadvantaged areas was evening activities where, for example, activities such as evening walks, park hangouts and neighborhood hangouts are included. Young people from socio-economically disadvantaged areas also feel a stronger sense of belonging to their neighborhoods and therefore spend their free time in these place

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant

The Artificial Reefs Experiment in Thailand

In the last two decades, many countries throughout the world have declared their own Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), usually extending two hundred nautical miles seaward. However, in the case of some neighbouring countries, agreement has yet to be reached on their common nautical border, and thus ownership of territorial waters for inclusion in their EEZs remains in dispute. During this time the world-wide situation with regard to fishing gear and fishing technology has improved considerably. This modernization however has brought about n rapid decline in marine fishery resources, due to the increase and greater efficiency of fishing activities. As a result, the demand for more advanced technology to enhance and increase marine resources has grown strongly and rapidly, particularly for those regions where the boundaries of FEZs are still unresolved. This report contains the details, results and recommendations of an artificial reef experiment, which was performed as a contribution to advancing marine resources technology. It was conducted by a joint team comprising the Department of fisheries (DOF) Thailand, and SEAFDEC