Roles of Ethical codes in nurse anesthetist development

Introduction: The purpose of compliant of ethical codes is planning an expectable standard of ethical for the activities of the nurses. Ethical’s decision making is an essential factor in the nurse job, and for solving the ethical’s challenges use of the kind of its ethical structure. By attention to this that the nurse anesthetist is science of skills in indentifying the effective treatments for care of patients , incumbents in this field could develop their professional knowledge by awareness of ethical science and ethical codes, and prepare suitable physical social and spiritual place for patients. Objective: The aim of this study is survey of the ethical in nursing by emphasize on related ethical code by nurse anesthetist. Material& methods: In this review article, used of data base Sid,Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Proquest, Blackwel Discussion & Conclusion: Ethical codes in nurse anesthetist is one of the topics that can has worthy help against the ethical challenges for solving problems and correct decision making, and result in management, and it help in development and increasing the nurse’s perofessenals and cares. Keywords: Ethical codes, Nurse Anesthesia, nursing ethics, ethical challenge

Predicting mortality rate of patients in critical care unit using APACHE-II index.

Abstract: Background and Objective: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II classification system has been extensively used for predicting the patient mortality in various diseases admission in ICU ward. The aim of this study was to assess the predicting mortality rate of patients in critical care unit using APACHE-II index. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on 204 hospitalized patients with multiple diagnostic diseases admitted to ICU ward in Gazvin Kusar hospital during 2007. We used than

The Measurement of Risk based on the Criterion of Value at Risk via Model of GARCH (A Study of Stock of Listeَd Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) in the Cement Industry)

All of investors in the Stock Exchange face risks. Thus, the measurement of risk is among the most important matters to investors. This study deals with the measurement of risk by criterion of Value at Risk. VaR was measured by using a GARCH model. The stock of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the cement industry and the time period of the study is the price of cement companies between the years of 1389 to 1391. The results show that the GARCH model has good performance in estimating VaR in stock of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the cement industry and it can be concluded that the GARCH (1,1) model with the t-student distribution for the majority of listed companies is optimal. The results of this research can lead to favorable outcomes for risk management decisions

Cryptanalysis of Reduced round SKINNY Block Cipher

SKINNY is a family of lightweight tweakable block ciphers designed to have the smallest hardware footprint. In this paper, we present zero-correlation linear approximations and the related-tweakey impossible differential characteristics for different versions of SKINNY .We utilize Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to search all zero-correlation linear distinguishers for all variants of SKINNY, where the longest distinguisher found reaches 10 rounds. Using a 9-round characteristic, we present 14 and 18-round zero correlation attacks on SKINNY-64-64 and SKINNY- 64-128, respectively. Also, for SKINNY-n-n and SKINNY-n-2n, we construct 13 and 15-round related-tweakey impossible differential characteristics, respectively. Utilizing these characteristics, we propose 23-round related-tweakey impossible differential cryptanalysis by applying the key recovery attack for SKINNY-n-2n and 19-round attack for SKINNY-n-n. To the best of our knowledge, the presented zero-correlation characteristics in this paper are the first attempt to investigate the security of SKINNY against this attack and the results on the related-tweakey impossible differential attack are the best reported ones

General health and its association with sleep quality in two groups of nurses with and without shift working in educational centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS

Background and aim: The health condition of nurses as caregivers influences the quality of care received by patients. To reach the maximum performance, nurses themselves need be health. Nurses, because of the nature of their career confront many types of stresses in their work environment and they are among people that are prone sleep disorder because of working in morning, evening, night and especially, rotation shifts. The aim of this study is comparison of the general health and sleep quality of nurses in two groups of without shift and with shift working in IUMS- 2006. Methods: It was a descriptive - analytical study. The setting was hospitals affiliated to IUMS. Five hundreds and twenty nurses were recruited using stratified random sampling. To survey the general health and sleep quality of nurses General Health Questionnaire - 28 and Pitsberg Sleep Quality Index tools were used. Results: Chi – Square test indicatod that there was a significant difference between general health of without shift and with shift workers, so that general health of without shift workers was better than rotation shift ones. The sleep quality of without shift nurses was also better than rotation shift ones (r=0.692, P<0.001). There was a direct correlation between general health state and sleep quality (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based of the finding of this study, appropriate and efficient managmant and careful planning of working shifts is suggest to reduce sleep disturbances in nurses. Promotion of nurse’s quality of sleep can promote their general health and eventually promotes the quality care of patients

The comparison of neuropsychological performance in the girl students with social anxiety disorder and normal students

Background and aims: The Neuropsychological performance in patients with anxiety disorders has received much less attention. The present study set out to compare one of the executive performances that means shifting function in two groups of social anxious and normal. Also, The aim of the present study was to investigate performance in this function both of processing efficacy and performance effectiveness. Methods: In this causal-comparative study, recruited 24 patients with social anxiety disorder and 24 non patients in multi-stage cluster sampling method and were implemented tests of Connor Social Anxiety Scale, Self-reported mental effort scale, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, The results were analyzed with SPSS software and MANOVA test. Results: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in both components of performance in the shifting function namely processing efficacy (P<0.001) and performance effectiveness (P<0.001), So that socially anxious group showed poorer performance. Conclusion: The group of social anxious in compare with normal group showed deficient in the shifting function of working memory. The deficiency observed were related to cognitive models of anxiety disorders specially Attentional Control Theory

Effect of Mothers' Educational Supportive Care Program on Pain Intensity and Crying Duration Caused by Colic Pain in Infants Aged 1-5 Months

Background: Baby colic is one of the most common digestive problems in infants. Due to its several and unknown causes, colic treatment depends on the parent's individual and social education and support. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of mothers' educational supportive care program on the pain intensity and crying caused by colic in infants aged 1-5 months. Method: This study was conducted based on a randomized controlled clinical trial. This study included 88 infants with colic who were referred to a specialized pediatric clinic at a public hospital in eastern Iran. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The educational supportive care program was implemented for eight days and the infant crying duration and frequency were recorded each day. On the other hand, the control group received the clinic routine care. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 21). Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables (

Evaluation of the Photosonolysis Process Efficacy for the Removal of Anionic Surfactant Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate from Aqueous Solutions

In this study, the experiments on the sulfonate linear alkylbenzene (LAS) solution were performed using the methylene blue active substances (MBAS) method. The effectiveness of the sonochemical and photochemical reactors for LAS degradation was evaluated with an emphasis on the effect of the contact time, pH values, type of process and initial concentrations. The experiments were carried out at the initial concentrations of 0.5 mg/L, 14.00 mg/L and 21.00 mg/L, the contact time of 8, 16, and 24 minutes, pH of 3, 7, and 11, the ultrasonic frequency of 42 kHz, the acoustic power value of 160 W, an ultraviolet lamp with 150W power and the wavelength of 254 nm. This study showed that the LAS degradation was increased along with the contact time. In addition, at alkaline pH, the removal efficiency increased as well. Overall, the results obtained from this research demonstrated that by themselves, both the sonochemical and photochemical reactors may not be useful for completely reducing the complex wastewaters with high surfactant loads, but the succession of the UV/US process has a significant effect on the removal of anionic detergents. These findings demonstrated the removal efficiency under alkaline conditions and the contact time of 24 minutes was equal to 96.97 percent

The Effect of Group Counseling Based on Protection Motivation Theory on the Perceived Severity, Perceived Sensitivity and Perceived Reward of women’s Breast Self-Examination Behaviour

Background & aim: The theory-based counseling can motivate clients to perform breast self-examination (BSE), which is an easy, safe and cost-effective method. This  study evaluated the effect of group counseling based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on perceived severity, perceived sensitivity, and perceived reward of BSE behavior.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 66 women aged 30-69 years referred to healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and then assigned randomly in two intervention and control groups using time block. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics and a self-structured questionnaire on women's participation in BSE behavior based on the PMT. The intervention group received four weekly 60-minute group counseling sessions in groups of 8-10 people based on the PMT. The control group received the usual care. Perceived severity, perceived sensitivity, and perceived reward of BSE behavior was measured in two stages before and two months after the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 22) using independent and paired t-test, Man-Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Results: The total score of PMT was not significant in the two groups before the intervention. But after the intervention, mean score of the perceived sensitivity (25.62±3.78 vs. 20.86±2.29), perceived severity (21.06±3.58 vs. 16.06±3.41) and perceived reward (4.83±1.53 vs. 17.16±2.79) was significantly different in the intervention and control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: Group counseling based on the PMT by overcoming fear and increasing motivation in women can increase BSE behavior in order to prevent breast cancer

The Relationships between Mental Health Status, Achievement Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Oxidative Stress in Subjects Exposed to Nickel Welding Fumes

This study was conducted on 27 male welding workers who worked in a company that manufactures road construction machinery and is located in an industrial part of Iran, in the Central province. In the serum, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA damage (8-OH-dG)was measured. Mental health status was evaluated by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and achievement motivation was evaluated by Herman’s achievement motivation Test (ACMT), and job satisfaction was measured by Dennett Job Satisfaction Test. The results of this study showed that there was a reverse significant relationship between nickel and TAC with ACMT and job satisfaction. The oxidative stress of Ni ended up in psychological disorders. As oxidative stress causes psychological disorders, the welding workers suffered from more psycho- pathology and were in need of greater care