Crack Healing and Mechanical Properties of Bacteria-based Self-healing Cement Mortar

In this study, the improvement of mechanical properties and crack healing as a result of the calcium carbonate precipitation due to bacterial activity have been investigated in two phases. First, the optimum mix design of self-healing cement mortar has been achieved considering different amounts and concentrations of the bacterial solution of bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11859) in non-pre-cracked specimens. Some of the mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, energy absorption capability, and weight change in bacteria added cement mortar specimens are compared with those of control specimens. Second, using the determined optimum mix design, mechanical properties of self-healing cement mortar specimens with initial cracks are compared with those of non-pre-cracked specimens to evaluate the recovery degree. 28-day compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar specimens through direct addition of bacterial suspension with a concentration of 5.1 × 107 cells/ml improved by 45% and 18%, respectively. These results for 7-day specimens were 78% and 24%, respectively. Experimental flexural strengths of pre-cracked specimens are higher than their theoretical values based on the reduced cross-sections, and in pre-cracks with smaller dimensions, higher recovery degrees are achieved

Effect of Mothers' Educational Supportive Care Program on Pain Intensity and Crying Duration Caused by Colic Pain in Infants Aged 1-5 Months

Background: Baby colic is one of the most common digestive problems in infants. Due to its several and unknown causes, colic treatment depends on the parent's individual and social education and support. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of mothers' educational supportive care program on the pain intensity and crying caused by colic in infants aged 1-5 months. Method: This study was conducted based on a randomized controlled clinical trial. This study included 88 infants with colic who were referred to a specialized pediatric clinic at a public hospital in eastern Iran. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The educational supportive care program was implemented for eight days and the infant crying duration and frequency were recorded each day. On the other hand, the control group received the clinic routine care. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 21). Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables (

Analysis of 5HT3Ra gene expression by real time PCR in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients

Systemic lupus erythemathosus is an autoimmune disease that affected many various types of tissues in 10% of world population and over 30 genes has associated with it. Nouroimmunoendocrynology concepts have shown that immune system could be affected by neuron system and vice versa, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor a (5HT3Ra) was studied as a main receptor in these relations.In this study, peripheral blood sample were collected from (SLE) patient and normal individuals. The total cellular RNAs were extracted and the cDNAs were synthesized. This process was followed by real-time PCR using specific primers for 5HT3Ra gene and beta-actin gene as internal control. Eventually PCR products have been sequenced.Results of this study suggested that this special receptor expressed in polymorpho-nuclear cells. We found over expression of 5HT3Ra in patients in comparison with healthy individuals group. Interestingly, some nucleotide changes have been found in 5HT3Ra gene in patients but not found sequential nucleotide changes in healthy individuals group.This study supposed that over expression of 5HT3Ra gene in SLE patients lead to over activation of immune cells that derived from over stimulation  of them from serotonin blood serum that finally lead to autoimmune reactions that terminated in SLE

Genome Diversity and the Origin of the Arabian Horse

The Arabian horse, one of the world\u27s oldest breeds of any domesticated animal, is characterized by natural beauty, graceful movement, athletic endurance, and, as a result of its development in the arid Middle East, the ability to thrive in a hot, dry environment. Here we studied 378 Arabian horses from 12 countries using equine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and whole-genome re-sequencing to examine hypotheses about genomic diversity, population structure, and the relationship of the Arabian to other horse breeds. We identified a high degree of genetic variation and complex ancestry in Arabian horses from the Middle East region. Also, contrary to popular belief, we could detect no significant genomic contribution of the Arabian breed to the Thoroughbred racehorse, including Y chromosome ancestry. However, we found strong evidence for recent interbreeding of Thoroughbreds with Arabians used for flat-racing competitions. Genetic signatures suggestive of selective sweeps across the Arabian breed contain candidate genes for combating oxidative damage during exercise, and within the Straight Egyptian subgroup, for facial morphology. Overall, our data support an origin of the Arabian horse in the Middle East, no evidence for reduced global genetic diversity across the breed, and unique genetic adaptations for both physiology and conformation

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses

The Y chromosome is a valuable genetic marker for studying the origin and influence of paternal lineages in populations. In this study, we conducted Y-chromosomal lineage-tracing in Arabian horses. First, we resolved a Y haplotype phylogeny based on the next generation sequencing data of 157 males from several breeds. Y-chromosomal haplotypes specific for Arabian horses were inferred by genotyping a collection of 145 males representing most Arabian sire lines that are active around the globe. These lines formed three discrete haplogroups, and the same haplogroups were detected in Arabian populations native to the Middle East. The Arabian haplotypes were clearly distinct from the ones detected in Akhal Tekes, Turkoman horses, and the progeny of two Thoroughbred foundation sires. However, a haplotype introduced into the English Thoroughbred by the stallion Byerley Turk (1680), was shared among Arabians, Turkomans, and Akhal Tekes, which opens a discussion about the historic connections between Oriental horse types. Furthermore, we genetically traced Arabian sire line breeding in the Western World over the past 200 years. This confirmed a strong selection for relatively few male lineages and uncovered incongruences to written pedigree records. Overall, we demonstrate how fine-scaled Y-analysis contributes to a better understanding of the historical development of horse breeds.Peer Reviewe

Refining the evolutionary tree of the horse Y chromosome

The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world. We analyze target enriched sequencing data of 5 Mb of the Y chromosome from 76 domestic males, together with 89 whole genome sequenced domestic males and five Przewalski's horses from previous studies. The resulting phylogeny comprises 153 HTs defined by 2966 variants and offers unprecedented resolution into the history of horse paternal lineages. It reveals the presence of a remarkable number of previously unknown haplogroups in Mongolian horses and insular populations. Phylogenetic placement of HTs retrieved from 163 archaeological specimens further indicates that most of the present-day Y-chromosomal variation evolved after the domestication process that started around 4200 years ago in the Western Eurasian steppes. Our comprehensive phylogeny significantly reduces ascertainment bias and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing horse population dynamics and diversity

Explaining the inquiry-based curriculum and analyzing the content of the books of elementary school studies based on its components

The purpose of this study was to present a inquiry-based in education in order to extract its components and to analyze the content of social studies textbooks from the elementary period (third to sixth) in the academic year of 1395-1396, conducted qualitatively and quantitatively in two phases. At first, the first phase examined theoretical foundations The literature review of the research, the views of the scholars of this field and the empirical research background, and the second phase of the analysis of social studies textbooks. In the first phase, data gathering tools are content analysis worksheets for extraction of theoretical basis components and in the second phase of content analysis (quantitative phenomenon) for analyzing the textbooks of elementary social studies based on the extractive components of the first phase. The results of the research in the first phase indicated that the extractive components included critical thinking, problem solving, accountability, participation and collaboration, thinking, meta-cognition, self-regulation, questioning, leadership, leadership, flexibility, reasoning, curiosity, communication skills, co-operation, and collaboration. In the second phase, in the Social Studies Book III, a total of 36 cases, the fourth grade of 37, the fifth grade of 27, and the sixth base of 54 have a inquiry-based component. Therefore, it can be concluded that the above-mentioned books should not be considered and should be addressed by the inquiry approach

Persian horse genotype data, plink .fam file

Genotype data for Persian horse samples, .fam file for plink file se

Persian horse genotype data, plink .bim file

Genotype data for Persian horse samples, .bim for plink file se

Persian horse genotype data, plink .bed file

Genotype data for Persian horse samples, .bed file for plink file se