The 7Ms pedagogy model: Instructional design for learners with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This study presents a new framework for designing pedagogy in an informed and controlled way. It considers the importance of progression of pedagogy during a learning episode, so that an instructor can modify the pedagogical approach as well as the content in a lesson. The significance and novelty of this research lie in the proposals to provide support for ADHD learners and assist them to overcome their academic weaknesses/challenges through appropriate pedagogically sound interventions. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of a suitable pedagogical approach for children who diagnosed with ADHD, issues of having ADHD are discussed within the scope of the research. In this respect, an aetiological model of ADHD has been developed to identify different levels of impairments as well as to clarify areas in which educational pedagogies must address the limitations of ADHD learners. Early stage results described here consider evidence to determine the viability of two literature-based models, named the ‘6Ms pedagogy model’ and the ‘aetiological model of ADHD’. In identifying the need to explore an accurate pedagogical model for ADHD children, two models have been evaluated. The analysis is based on a combination of secondary analysis, qualitative, and quantitative data analysis, which covered data, collected from expert advice, including that from professionals, coaches, and teachers and from those involved in the education of learners with ADHD and parents. Evidence from findings on ADHD is married to a new model of pedagogy named the ‘7Ms pedagogy model’. The ADHD pedagogical model is then evaluated by SEN teachers serves to facilitate well-informed and targeted design decisions about pedagogy, which could provide children with support and help them overcome academic limitations. Keywords: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder; 6Ms Pedagogy Model; 7Ms Pedagogy Model; learning theories; aetiological model; typically developing learners (TDLs); and special educational needs (SEN)

Effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on perception of stressors in recurrent headache patients

Background and aim: A specific event is not stressor for all persons. It is perception that determines an event is stressor or not. Headache causes that peoples have problems to evaluate events. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of group therapy on perception of stressors in recurrent headache patients. Methods: In this semi-experimental study on female students of Shiraz University, 20 students diagnosed as having headache were selected as case group. Control group was consisted of 32 normal students with same sex and age as case group. Both groups (case and control) were asked to fill a Daily Minor Hassles Questionnaire. They were compared for two variables, perception of the unpleasant stressors and the frequency of unpleasant stressors. In second part of the research, patients in the case group were asked to participate in a 90 minute session per week for 9 weeks. They were compared in three conditions of pre-test, mid-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using independent t-student and paired t-test. Results: Our results showed a significant difference between headache (case) group and normal (control) group in perception of the unpleasant stressors and the frequency of unpleasant stressors (P<0.05). We also found that cognitive-behavioral group therapy throughout the therapeutic sessions decreased perception of the unpleasant stressors and the frequency of unpleasant stressors in headache patients. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy decreases perception of the unpleasant stressors and the frequency of unpleasant stressors in patients with recurrent headache

The comparison of selected statistical indicators of a hospital before and after the implementation of health reform plan: Isfahan-2015

زمینه و اهداف: مرحله سوم طرح تحول نظام سلامت با ابلاغ کتاب ارزش نسبی خدمات و مراقبت‌های سلامت اجرایی شد. با توجه به تأثیر این کتاب بر عملکرد بیمارستان‌ها و مراکز آموزشی درمانی، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ومقایسه نشانگرهای آماری منتخب یک مرکز آموزشی درمانی قبل و بعد از اجرای مفاد این کتاب انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی حاضر، به صورت مقطعی در سال 1394 انجام شد. نشانگرهای آماری، با بررسی فرم‌های فعالیت مرکز و مراجعه به مدیریت آمار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، با کسب مجوز و رعایت اصل محرمانگی اطلاعات، جمع‌آوری و با نرم افزار آماري SPSS &nbsp;(ويرايش 17) تحلیل شد. مقایسه نشانگرها توسط آزمون‌های آماری برای نمونه‌های زوج شده انجام و در سطح معنی‌داری 0/05&gt;P تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: ابلاغ کتاب ارزش نسبی، موجب افزایش معنادار در نشانگرهای درصد اشغال تخت، تخت روز اشغالی، میانگین مدت اقامت بیمار و تعداد مرگ و میر و کاهش معنادار در نشانگرهای فاصله چرخش تخت و چرخش اشغال تخت شد. در نشانگرهای میانگین تعداد بستری شدگان و ترخیص شدگان افزایش و در نشانگرهای تعداد مراجعین اورژانس و سزارین کاهش معنادار مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌ گیری: اجرای کتاب مذکور، بر برخی از نشانگرها (درصد اشغال تخت، تخت روز اشغالی، تعداد سزارین) تأثیر گذار و بر دیگر نشانگرها (تعداد بستری شدگان، مراجعین سرپایی، مراجعین اورژانس، ترخیص شدگان و تعداد اعمال جراحی) بدون تأثیر بوده است. البته تعمیم نتایج مطالعه به سایر بیمارستان‌ها، نیازمند مطالعه گسترده‌تری می‌باشد.Background and Aim: The third phase of health reform plan in Iran came into force since the announcement of the book named value of the notification. Due to the influence of this book on hospitals performance,this study aimed to determine and compare the selected statistical indicators of a teaching hospital before and after the implementation of the contents of this book.Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015. Data (statistical indicators) were collected, with the permission and considering the confidentiality of information, through reports review and on-site visiting and analyzed using SPSS (version 17) software.The comparison of selected indicators between paired samples were performed. Correlations were considered significant at α=0.05.Results: Announcement of the value of the notification book resulted in a statistically significant increase in bed occupancy ratio, occupied bed day, average length of stay, and number of hospital death and also a significant decrease of bed turnover interval and rate. Furthermore, a significant increase of inpatients andoutpatients visits and significant decrease of emergency visits and caesarean were also observed.Conclusion: Implementation of the aforementioned book significantly affected some statistical indicators (bed occupancy ratio, occupied bed day, and caesarian), but it has no significant effect on other statistical indicators (inpatients and outpatients visits, emergency visits and number of surgeries). However, extendingthe results of this study to other hospitals requires more extensive studies

Analysis of the Traditions Related to the Occasions of Revelation of Fourteen Verses in Chapter Two (Al-Baqharah, The Cow)

The traditions related to the occasions of revelation have an important and pivotal role in interpreting and explaining Quranic sciences. Unfortunately, these traditions have not been properly reviewed and analyzed in terms of their chain of transmission. Given the direct influence of these traditions on understanding and interpreting the holy Quran, their review and criticism is of particular importance. The present paper analyzes the traditions related to the occasions of revelation of seven key verses in the second chapter of the holy Quran (Al-Baqharah, the Cow). Having mentioned the verses with the occasions of revelation and relevant traditions, the paper reviews and criticizes Shia and Sunni commentators' view about these traditions. The most important reasons to deny traditions related to the occasions of revelation include incompatibility of their text with the text of the holy Quran, the existence of sound traditions, definite history, intellectual axioms, Muslims' theological necessities, and consensus

Assessing Moral Skills in General and Post-Graduate Dental Students in the Southeast of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective:&nbsp;To assess the level of moral skills in dental students and residents.&nbsp;Material and Methods:&nbsp;This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on dental students and residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, selected by census sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist (age, gender, marital status, educational level (before basic sciences, after basic sciences, residency), and Moral skills inventory questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a T-test and multiple regression analysis at a confidence level of 95%.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;The total score of the moral skills questionnaire was about 44 out of 80, and there was no difference between males and females in moral skills (p=0.79). However, there was a significant difference in moral sensitivity between married and single students (p=0.036). Residents gained significantly higher moral integrity scores than students (p=0.046).&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;The study highlights that the level of professional moral skills in Kerman dental students and residents was acceptable. Single students got higher scores in the moral sensitivity domain, although residents got the highest scores in the moral integrity domain. There was no significant correlation between gender and the level of moral skills

Social responsibility of the hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran: Results from a cross-sectional survey

Background: Changes in modern societies develop the perception that the external environment is essential in organization’s practices, especially in the way they deal with aspects such as human rights, community needs, market demands and environmental interests. These issues are usually under the umbrella of the concept of social responsibility. Given the importance of this concept in the context of health care delivery, suggesting a new paradigm in hospital governance, the aim of this study was to measure the social responsibility in hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from a sample of 946 hospital staff of Isfahan city. Data was obtained by structured and valid self-administrated questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics using SPSS. Results: The mean score of hospitals’ social responsibility was 3.0 compared with the justified range from 1.0 to 5.0. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between social responsibility score and hospitals’ ownership (public or private). Also, there was no significant relationship between social responsibility and type of hospital specialty. Conclusion: It is recommended that hospital managers develop and apply appropriate policies and strategies to improve their hospitals’ social responsibility level, especially through concentrating on their staff ’s working environmen

Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation

The Qiblah is one of the most significant signs in Islam, hence an icon of Islamic identity. The earlier choosing of Jerusalem as the Qiblah left its reverberations among the Jews in the earlier days of Islam. To reject the revelatory nature off Islam, many Jews fabricated the controversy of Islam's appropriation of the Qiblah from Judaism, hence stressed their own originality. The present paper tackles and rebuts the issue of the Jews' controversies, as provided in the Quran tafsirs of both Shias and Sunnis. It is asserted that the earlier choice of Jerusalem as the Qiblah was a sagacious decision, for the Kaaba was a place of idol-worshipping by then, while Jerusalem was not dishonored by idols. However, with the spread of Islam, Mecca received a totally different situation, and the Kaaba has since received its Qiblah status forever.   © Moaddab, S.R; Sajjadi, M.S (2021) Some Controversies about the Change of the Qiblah with Particular Regard to Appropriation. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 6 (12) 7-33.  Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.5634.176

A Comparison between Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Crestal Anesthesia in Children Undergoing Dental Extraction Procedure

Objective:&nbsp;To evaluate the efficacy of crestal anesthesia compared to the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in 6–9-year-old children undergoing tooth extraction.&nbsp;Material and Methods:&nbsp;This case-control study was conducted on 70 children who needed bilateral mandibular primary molar extractions. The Faces Pain Scale was used to determine the efficacy of the anesthetic technique. Demographic data, onset time of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, and blood pressure were also recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and analytical tests: t-test, chi-squared test, and one-way ANOVA. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;The efficacy of the IANB was significantly higher than the crestal anesthesia (p&lt;0.05). The duration of IANB anesthesia was significantly more than the crestal anesthesia (p&lt;0.05). The two anesthetic techniques showed no significant differences in pediatric blood pressure as a determinant of the pain evoked in children during the injection (p&gt;0.05).&nbsp;Conclusion: Crestal anesthesia proved an effective method to extract primary molars. However, further studies are necessary to confirm this

Dentists’ Knowledge and Clinical Experience towards Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralization in Iran

Objective: To determine the knowledge and clinical experience of dentists regarding MIH in Kerman/Iran. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a census sampling method was used, and all dentists registered in Kerman medical council were asked to participate in the study. A validated and reliable researcher administered questionnaire was used to determine participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge, and clinical experience. The association between knowledge score and demographic variables was determined using an independent t-test and ANOVA. The level of significance was set as 0.05. Results: Overall, 400 specialized and general dentists in Kerman completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of dentists was 6.6±1.9 of 11. Female dentists’ knowledge was higher than male dentists (p&lt;0.05). General dentists had a higher level of knowledge regarding MIH compared to specialists (p&lt;0.05). Overall, 79.5 % had been faced with MIH during their practice years. After confronting MIH teeth, 48.8% of dentists referred patients to specialists for treatment. Providing aesthetics was considered the most difficult part of treatment (43.2%). Resin composite was the most favorable dental material for treating MIH (60.9%). Conclusion: Although most dentists in Kerman had encountered MIH defects during their clinical practice, they did not have enough knowledge of the defect and required education on all aspects of MIH diagnosis and management. Younger dental practitioners, general dentists and females presented higher knowledge of MIH

Institutionalisation is a Vital Element for Fairness of Priority Setting in the Package Design if the Target is Universal Health Coverage; Comment on "Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes for Health Benefits Package Design – Part II: A Practical Guide"

The Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes (EDPs) guide provides a practical framework for fair priority setting of the Health Benefits Package (HBP) that countries can reasonably use. The steps presented in the EDPs are applicable for prioritising health services in designing HBP and are consistent with practical experience in countries. However, institutionalisation must be considered an element of fairness in the priority-setting process if the aim is to reach broader goals of a health system, such as universal health coverage (UHC). Otherwise, the EDPs for priority setting might not be integrated into the formal health system or impactful, resulting in a waste of time and resources, which is unfair. Institutionalisation means formalising the desired change as an embedded and integrated system so that the change lasts over time. For the institutionalisation of EPDs, four stages are suggested, which are (1) establishing a supportive legal framework, (2) designating governance and institutional structure, (3) stipulating the EDPs processes and (4) individual and institutional capacity building