Diseño de una fachada termoeléctrica activa

La conciencia social sobre el uso eficiente de la energía ha aumentado considerablemente en estos últimos años. La envolvente y los sistemas de climatización son los principales responsables de la demanda y el consumo de energía en los edificios. Teniendo estos puntos en cuenta, un grupo de investigación de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Navarra está desarrollando un proyecto llamado “Desarrollo, construcción y análisis de un cerramiento de fachada activo con células Peltier”. Dicho trabajo se centra en la obtención de una solución integral de cerramiento y climatización. Para ello se plantea un cerramiento de fachada ventilada opaco industrializado de altas prestaciones capaz de adaptarse de forma dinámica a los cambios ambientales que incluye un sistema de climatización por termoelectricidad en su interior. El sistema de fachada innovador planteado incorpora el sistema de climatización mediante células Peltier que consiste en un sistema de bomba de calor termoeléctrica diseñado para ser incorporado en la fachada de los edificios. Además, se han introducido una serie de mecanismos que permiten el control del flujo de aire dentro de la cámara del cerramiento. Con la intención de cuantificar y comprobar el comportamiento real de las ideas antes planteadas, en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Navarra, se ha construido un prototipo del sistema de fachada innovador y se ha instalado en un módulo prefabricado de ensayo que simula una habitación tipo. De esta manera se están recogiendo datos reales de comportamiento, que permitirán realizar una valoración objetiva del nuevo sistema

Construction of an Active Façade Envelope with Peltier Cells

The team researchers have been investigating on alternative ways for buildings to waste less energy. The result is the consecution of a new facade system with Peltier cells, that is to say, a new system of air conditioning that works both as a machine as a facade. That means the application in the field of construction of a technology that is already in use in other areas, fundamentally the military and aerospace. The new system has to be a prefabricated element that perfectly fix between the slabs. The result of all these ideas is the construction of a prefabricated module, consisting of a simplified inhabited housing unit with a thermoelectric installation that provides service to this module. The prototype has been monitored during one year. The University of Navarra has got the national patent for a “prefabricated and decentralized facade module for the climate control of inhabited spaces”. Moreover, the Thermoelectric Conditioning System (TCS) is designed to reach a high comfort level for people living in the local. Without mechanical parts like pumps or compressors, there is no necessity for maintenance, reducing the possibilities of failure. The only mechanical elements are the dissipation heat fans placed in the external face of the prototype. There are also some heat sinks to evacuate the heat from the power elements. The next step is improving the system as a facade, paying special attention to carry out the legal façade envelope’s requirements, such us, noise level, thermal transmittance, hydrothermal condition or behavior against fire. At the same time, it is going to be design a facade solution that tries to take advantage of inside and outside conditions in order to achieve the desire inside comfort conditions. Furthermore, the module is going to integrate photovoltaic panels to achieve a total autonomy system, which does not need to be connected to the traditional electrical network

Development and construction of a thermoelectric active facade module

In order to fulfil the current challenges for the European building sector, building design has diverged into two alternative directions: active technologies and passive design strategies. In the last few years, advanced and responsive building envelope components have represented a promising answer to these challenges. This paper presents the design and construction process of a project that aims to design, build and control the energy performance of an industrial-scale modular active ventilated facade prototype with a new Themoelectric Peltier System (TPS). The TPS is a thermoelectric HVAC heat pump system designed to be located in the building envelope and providing a high comfort level. Trying to optimize the energy performance of the traditional ventilated opaque facade, and make more efficient the energy performance of the TPS, the concept of adaptability has been applied to ventilated opaque facades. The essential research theme is to control the natural phenomena that take place inside the ventilated air cavity of the facade: taking advantage when heat dissipation is needed, and avoiding it when heat losses are not welcome. In order to quantify the previous statements, some facade prototypes are being built in Pamplona (Spain) and their energy performance is going to be analyzed during a year

Theoretical design of an active façade system with Peltier Cells

The research is looking for an innovative self-sufficient, industrialized and lightweight façade module that integrates a thermoelectric HVAC system. The principal aim of the research was to try providing a built answer to the current efficiency objectives (Directive 2010/31/CE), creating a façade solution that can be installed in new buildings or in already existing ones. This report tries to explain the theoretical design of this new façade system with Peltier cells

¿Qué es una intervención sanitaria eficiente en España en 2020?

Hace más de 15 años que en Gaceta Sanitaria se publicó el artículo titulado «¿Qué es una tecnología sanitaria eficiente en España?». El creciente interés por fijar el precio de las nuevas tecnologías en función del valor que estas proporcionan a los sistemas de salud y la experiencia acumulada por los países de nuestro entorno hacen oportuno revisar qué es una intervención sanitaria eficiente en España en el año 2020. El análisis de coste-efectividad sigue siendo el método de referencia para maximizar los resultados en salud de la sociedad con los recursos disponibles. La interpretación de sus resultados requiere establecer unos valores de referencia que sirvan de guía sobre lo que constituye un valor razonable para el sistema sanitario. Los umbrales de eficiencia deben ser flexibles y dinámicos, y actualizarse periódicamente. Su aplicación debe estar basada en la gradualidad y la transparencia, considerando, además, otros factores que reflejen las preferencias sociales. Aunque la fijación de los umbrales corresponde a los decisores políticos, en España puede ser razonable utilizar unos valores de referencia como punto de partida que podrían estar comprendidos entre los 25.000 y los 60.000 euros por año de vida ajustado por calidad. No obstante, en la actualidad, más que la determinación de las cifras exactas de dicho umbral, la cuestión clave es si el Sistema Nacional de Salud está preparado y dispuesto a implantar un modelo de pago basado en el valor, que contribuya a lograr la gradualidad en las decisiones de financiación y, sobre todo, a mejorar la previsibilidad, la consistencia y la transparencia del proceso.Fifteen years ago, Gaceta Sanitaria published the article entitled “What is an efficient health technology in Spain?” The growing interest in setting the price of new technologies based on the value they provide to health systems and the experience accumulated by the countries in our environment make it opportune to review what constitutes an efficient health intervention in Spain in 2020. Cost-effectiveness analysis continues to be the reference method to maximize social health outcomes with the available resources. The interpretation of its results requires establishing reference values that serve as a guide on what constitutes a reasonable value for the health care system. Efficiency thresholds must be flexible and dynamic, and they need to be updated periodically. Its application should be based on and transparency, and consider other factors that reflect social preferences. Although setting thresholds is down to political decision-makers, in Spain it could be reasonable to use thresholds of 25,000 and 60,000 Euros per QALY. However, currently, in addition to determining exactfigures for the threshold,the key question is whether the Spanish National Health System is able and willing to implement a payment model based on value, towards achieving gradual financing decisions and, above all, to improve the predictability, consistency and transparency of the process

Construction of an Active Façade Envelope with Peltier Cells

The team researchers have been investigating on alternative ways for buildings to waste less energy. The result is the consecution of a new facade system with Peltier cells, that is to say, a new system of air conditioning that works both as a machine as a facade. That means the application in the field of construction of a technology that is already in use in other areas, fundamentally the military and aerospace. The new system has to be a prefabricated element that perfectly fix between the slabs. The result of all these ideas is the construction of a prefabricated module, consisting of a simplified inhabited housing unit with a thermoelectric installation that provides service to this module. The prototype has been monitored during one year. The University of Navarra has got the national patent for a “prefabricated and decentralized facade module for the climate control of inhabited spaces”. Moreover, the Thermoelectric Conditioning System (TCS) is designed to reach a high comfort level for people living in the local. Without mechanical parts like pumps or compressors, there is no necessity for maintenance, reducing the possibilities of failure. The only mechanical elements are the dissipation heat fans placed in the external face of the prototype. There are also some heat sinks to evacuate the heat from the power elements. The next step is improving the system as a facade, paying special attention to carry out the legal façade envelope’s requirements, such us, noise level, thermal transmittance, hydrothermal condition or behavior against fire. At the same time, it is going to be design a facade solution that tries to take advantage of inside and outside conditions in order to achieve the desire inside comfort conditions. Furthermore, the module is going to integrate photovoltaic panels to achieve a total autonomy system, which does not need to be connected to the traditional electrical network

Diseño de una fachada termoeléctrica activa

La conciencia social sobre el uso eficiente de la energía ha aumentado considerablemente en estos últimos años. La envolvente y los sistemas de climatización son los principales responsables de la demanda y el consumo de energía en los edificios. Teniendo estos puntos en cuenta, un grupo de investigación de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Navarra está desarrollando un proyecto llamado “Desarrollo, construcción y análisis de un cerramiento de fachada activo con células Peltier”. Dicho trabajo se centra en la obtención de una solución integral de cerramiento y climatización. Para ello se plantea un cerramiento de fachada ventilada opaco industrializado de altas prestaciones capaz de adaptarse de forma dinámica a los cambios ambientales que incluye un sistema de climatización por termoelectricidad en su interior. El sistema de fachada innovador planteado incorpora el sistema de climatización mediante células Peltier que consiste en un sistema de bomba de calor termoeléctrica diseñado para ser incorporado en la fachada de los edificios. Además, se han introducido una serie de mecanismos que permiten el control del flujo de aire dentro de la cámara del cerramiento. Con la intención de cuantificar y comprobar el comportamiento real de las ideas antes planteadas, en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Navarra, se ha construido un prototipo del sistema de fachada innovador y se ha instalado en un módulo prefabricado de ensayo que simula una habitación tipo. De esta manera se están recogiendo datos reales de comportamiento, que permitirán realizar una valoración objetiva del nuevo sistema

Theoretical design of an active façade system with Peltier Cells

The research is looking for an innovative self-sufficient, industrialized and lightweight façade module that integrates a thermoelectric HVAC system. The principal aim of the research was to try providing a built answer to the current efficiency objectives (Directive 2010/31/CE), creating a façade solution that can be installed in new buildings or in already existing ones. This report tries to explain the theoretical design of this new façade system with Peltier cells