An extension on attendance and efficiency in turkish state theaters

This paper investigates the attendance and efficiency of state theaters in Turkey. It is found that public theater attendance is price inelastic since theater expenses occupy a small space in theatergoers' budget sets. This is true since theater tickets are subsidized by almost 97 percent. Touring to less developed cities attract more attendance per performance compared to changing the stages for a particular play on most developed cities. This finding suggests that state theaters should tour to different less developed cities more. This can diminish the criticism to state theaters also since popular press criticizes the state theaters in terms of producing many ATMactors. Results of 2003-2004 season indicate that performance is not a significant determinant of total paid attendance, whereas 2004-2005 season indicates that plays are performed too many times since performance is negatively and significantly affecting total paid attendance.Attendance, efficiency, Turkish state theaters

Yolsuzluk ve vergi kaçakçılığı

Corruption and tax evasion problems have been investigated separately before. Tax evasion is also considered to be a corrupt behavior itself. However, in this paper, corruption is taken to be a bribe taken by a government official and tax evasion is defined as an illegal act to avoid paying taxes by violating tax laws. An interesting research question would be to see whether corruption can induce tax evasion in individuals ? It is found in the paper that the size of bribe can negatively affect tax evasion. It is shown that when a bribe is sufficiently large, taxpayers prefer to pay their taxes voluntarily, not to evade taxes.Yolsuzluk ve vergi kaçakçılığı sorunları literatürde daha önce ayrı ayrı incelendi. Vergi kaçakçılığı da bir yolsuzluk olsa da, bu makalede yolsuzluk devlet memurunun rüşvet alması ve vergi kaçakçılığı da mükellefin yasalara aykırı davranarak ödemesi gereken vergiyi ödememesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu makalede yolsuzluğun vergi kaçakçılığını özendirip özendirmeyeceği teorik olarak araştırılmaktadır. Teorik model, istenen rüşvetin yüksek olması durumunda vergi mükellefinin vergi kaçırmayacağını matematiksel olarak göstermektedir

Proceedings of the Conference on Human and Economic Resources

This paper investigates the relative efficiency of public (state) libraries of major cities in Turkey by applying a data envelopment analysis. Scale, technical, and overall efficiency scores are calculated. It is found that there is a negative correlation between economic and social development index of the cities and efficiency scores of state libraries of same cities. In order to understand the sources of technical inefficiencies, the slack analysis is employed. Book collection and library staff are turned out to be the most problematic inputs and library members and lending of the books the most problematic outputs.public libraries, efficiency, data envelopment analysis, Turkey

Death as a measure of duration of conflict

This paper argues that number of deaths in a conflict can be a measure of duration and demonstrates that there are information gains to this approach. The well-known conflict database of International Peace Research Institute is compared with the database of Center for Systemic Peace which includes data on the number of deaths in addition to length of conflict. There are differences in the two datasets. The number and distribution of conflicts vary however duration analysis yields results that are robust over datasets. We also show that number of deaths, as a measure of duration, challenges some of the results based on number of years as a measure of duration. We can also argue that economic integration coincides with shorter duration of conflicts in terms of both deaths and years. International conflicts have a shorter life and have fewer deaths than domestic conflicts. Geographic or ethnic characteristics of conflicts are not robust over datasets nor over measure of duration.Duration models; violence; wars; conflict studies;ethnic conflict

Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Economic Issues in a Globalizing World

The relationship between the degree of religiosity and economic development is empirically investigated for a cross-section of all Turkish cities with municipal authorities. It is found that economic development and the degree of religiosity have a non-linear relationship. Religiosity increases with industrialization first, however, as the industrialization increases more, the degree of religiosity decreases. Coastal towns are less religious. Mosques and schools are complements rather than substitutes as they affect each other positively. This can be interpreted as the ideological competition between religious communities and secularists.Turkey,religiosity and economic development

Corruption and Tax Evasion

Yolsuzluk ve vergi kaçakçılığı sorunları literatürde daha önce ayrı ayrı incelendi. Vergi kaçakçılığı da bir yolsuzluk olsa da, bu makalede yolsuzluk devlet memurunun rüşvet alması ve vergi kaçakçılığı da mükellefin yasalara aykırı davranarak ödemesi gereken vergiyi ödememesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu makalede yolsuzluğun vergi kaçakçılığını özendirip özendirmeyeceği teorik olarak araştırılmaktadır. Teorik model, istenen rüşvetin yüksek olması durumunda vergi mükellefinin vergi kaçırmayacağını matematiksel olarak göstermektedir.Corruption and tax evasion problems have been investigated separately before. Tax evasion is also considered to be a corrupt behavior itself. However, in this paper, corruption is taken to be a bribe taken by a government official and tax evasion is defined as an illegal act to avoid paying taxes by violating tax laws. An interesting research question would be to see whether corruption can induce tax evasion in individuals ? It is found in the paper that the size of bribe can negatively affect tax evasion. It is shown that when a bribe is sufficiently large, taxpayers prefer to pay their taxes voluntarily, not to evade taxes

Corruption and Tax Evasion

Yolsuzluk ve vergi kaçakçılığı sorunları literatürde daha önce ayrı ayrı incelendi. Vergi kaçakçılığı da bir yolsuzluk olsa da, bu makalede yolsuzluk devlet memurunun rüşvet alması ve vergi kaçakçılığı da mükellefin yasalara aykırı davranarak ödemesi gereken vergiyi ödememesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu makalede yolsuzluğun vergi kaçakçılığını özendirip özendirmeyeceği teorik olarak araştırılmaktadır. Teorik model, istenen rüşvetin yüksek olması durumunda vergi mükellefinin vergi kaçırmayacağını matematiksel olarak göstermektedir.Corruption and tax evasion problems have been investigated separately before. Tax evasion is also considered to be a corrupt behavior itself. However, in this paper, corruption is taken to be a bribe taken by a government official and tax evasion is defined as an illegal act to avoid paying taxes by violating tax laws. An interesting research question would be to see whether corruption can induce tax evasion in individuals ? It is found in the paper that the size of bribe can negatively affect tax evasion. It is shown that when a bribe is sufficiently large, taxpayers prefer to pay their taxes voluntarily, not to evade taxes

Explicit Derivation Of The Bias In The Solow Residual In The Existence Of Imperfect Competition And Non-Constant Returns To Scale

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this paper is to explicitly derive the possible bias in the Solow residual when there is imperfect competition and non-constant returns to scale. As is known very well, the standard Solow residual assumes perfect competition and constant returns to scale. As is also known, Solow residual is one of the measures of total factor productivity. Therefore, if there is imperfect competition and non-constant returns to scale, then standard Solow measure of productivity will be biased and all the comparisons based on this residual will be unreliable. In this study, we shed some light on these issues

Women’s Cultural Attendance in Istanbul: Why So Low?

This paper investigates the possible determinants of attendance at cultural and artistic events in Istanbul, Turkey, which was designated one of Europe’s cultural capitals in 2010. The unique data set used in this study was drawn from a representative sample of households in Istanbul by selecting one individual over the age of 18 from each household for interview. A professional research company in Istanbul used clustered random sampling to collect information from 100 main and 100 substitute clusters from the Istanbul area. Zero-inflated negative binomial methodology was used to analyze the determinants of attendance at different cultural events in Istanbul. In the regression analysis, we grouped all cultural activities into two categories for the dependent variables: “cultural heritage” and “performing arts and cinema”. The performing arts and cinema category comprised six activities (theatre, cinema, opera-ballet-modern dance, classical music concerts, rock-pop-jazz concerts, classical Turkish folk arabesque concerts) while other activities were included in the cultural heritage category. We found very similar results to previous studies regarding many determinants of cultural attendance. Contrary to most previous results, however, which are derived from representative samples from Western countries, we found strong negative gender effects and differences in female cultural participation depending on the type of activity. Gender determinants of cultural participation have been addressed in two main ways: as one more variable in the “mixed factors” category or as a manifestation of gender roles and social norms. Other things being equal, being a woman increases the probability of never having participated in more social cultural events (the going-out dimension of cultural attendance). We therefore recommend policies to empower women’s participation in and sharing of cultural activities