Penspesiesan Logam Berat Dalam Air Sisa Campuran Industri Di Sistem Perparitan Tertutup , Zon Perindustrian Prai 1 Dan 2, Pulau Pinang

Satu kajian dijalankan untuk mengkaji kepekatan spesies-spesies logam kadmium, kuprum, plumbum dan zink dalam bahagian akueus A study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in samples collected in the aqueous phase and the sediment in the Closed Drainage System (CDS

Penspesiesan logam berat dalam air sisa campuran industri di sistem perparitan tertutup, zon perindustrian Prai 1 dan 2, Pulau Pinang [TD758.5.H43 S118 2007 f rb].

Satu kajian dijalankan untuk mengkaji kepekatan spesies-spesies logam kadmium, kuprum, plumbum dan zink dalam bahagian akueus dan sedimen di kawasan Sistem Perparitan Tertutup (SPT) Zon Perindustrian Prai fasa 1 dan 2. A study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in samples collected in the aqueous phase and the sediment in the Closed Drainage System (CDS) located in Prai Industrial Zones 1 and 2

Construção e caracterização de um diabody específico contra toxinas do veneno de Loxosceles intermedia

Orientadora : Larissa Magalhães AlvarengaCoorientadora : Juliana Ferreira de MouraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas (Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Básica). Defesa: Curitiba, 13/06/2016Inclui referências : f. 49-55Área de concentração: patologiaResumo: Aranhas do gênero Loxosceles possuem distribuição mundial e são consideradas de grande importância médica. O envenenamento (loxoscelismo) pode resultar em lesões dermonecróticas, falência renal, desordens hematológicas e, em crianças, pode ser fatal. No Brasil, o loxoscelismo é considerado um sério problema de saúde pública causado por 3 principais espécies (L. intermedia, L. gaucho, L. laeta), responsáveis por mais de 6.000 casos/ano. O perfil de envenenamento pode variar conforme as características da aranha ou do paciente e a soroterapia, a partir da imunização do cavalo, ainda é utilizada há décadas como tratamento específico. Atualmente, tem-se como terapia para diversas doenças o uso de fragmentos únicos de cadeias variáveis (scFv) de anticorpos que podem ser obtidos a partir de tecnologia recombinante. Esses fragmentos são candidatos ideais para a neutralização de substâncias tóxicas provenientes de envenenamento, pois possuem baixa massa molecular, rápida difusão no tecido e são estáveis. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é desenhar um anticorpo recombinante (LimAb7 diabody) a partir do monoclonal murino LimAb7 já caracterizado previamente. Para tanto, fez-se necessário realizar a clonagem a partir do cDNA obtidos de hibridomas secretores de LimAb7 e expressar o recombinante em bactérias E. coli AD494. ELISA, Imunoblotting, inibição da atividade de esfingomielinase pelo kit Amplex Red® e neutralização de hemólise foram realizados com intuito de avaliar a capacidade funcional da molécula recombinante. Pode-se observar por Western blotting que, o LimAb7 diabody reconhece proteínas de aproximadamente 30kDa, sendo consideradas as responsáveis por causarem dermonecrose. Verificou-se também que o recombinante neutraliza a atividade esfingomielinásica do veneno e dessa forma, inibe a hemólise induzida pela ação do mesmo. Com isso, os resultados mostraram-se promissores para que o anticorpo recombinante possa vir a ser utilizado nos acidentes loxoscélicos. Palavras chave: scFv, aranha marrom, anticorpo recombinante, antivenenoAbstract: Spiders of the genus Loxosceles have worldwide distribution and are considered of great medical importance. Poisoning (loxoscelism) can result in dermonecrotic injuries, renal failure, hematological disorders, and maybe fatal in children. The loxoscelism is considered a serious public health problem in Brazil where three main species are found (L. intermedia, L. gaucho, L. laeta) account for more than 6,000 cases / year. Poisoning profile can be varied according to the characteristics of the spider or the patient. The horse antivenom has been still used for decades as a specific treatment. Currently, it is thought therapy for various diseases using single chain variable fragments (scFv) antibodies which can be obtained from recombinant technology. These fragments are ideal candidates for the neutralization of toxic poisoning from substances because they have low molecular weight, rapid diffusion in the tissue and are stable. In this context, the aim of this work was to design a recombinant antibody (LimAb7 diabody) from a murine monoclonal LimAb7 previously characterized as a neutralizing molecule. Therefore, it was necessary to perform cloning from cDNA of LimAb7 secreting hybridomas and the expression of recombinant protein in E. coli AD494 . ELISA, immunoblotting, inhibition of sphingomyelinase activity by Amplex Red kit and hemolysis neutralization assay were performed in order to assess the functional capacity of the recombinant molecule. It was possible to verify Western blotting that the LimAb7 diabody recognizes a 30kDa protein, considered as being responsible for causing dermonecrosis. It was also found that the recombinant antibody neutralizes sphingomyelinase activity and thus inhibits the hemolysis induced by the venom. Thus, based on the results, the recombinant antibody therapy may have promising potential in in loxoscelic accidents. Keywords: scFv, brown spider, recombinant antibody, antiveno

Maternal Health Care in the Time of Ebola: A Mixed-Method Exploration of the Impact of the Epidemic on Delivery Services in Monrovia

Public health emergencies like major epidemics in countries with already poor health infrastructure have the potential to set back efforts to reduce maternal deaths globally. The 2014 Ebola crisis in Liberia is claimed to have caused major disruptions to a health system not fully recovered after the country’s civil war, and is an important and relevant case for studying the resilience of health systems during crises. We use data on the utilization of maternal health care services from two representative surveys, one conducted before the outbreak of Ebola, the 2013 Liberian DHS, and another, smaller survey conducted in Monrovia in December 2014, during the height of the epidemic. We focus exclusively on data for women aged 18–49 residing in urban Monrovia, restricting our samples to 1,073 and 763 respondents from the two surveys respectively. We employ a mixed methods approach, combining a multinomial logit model with in-depth semi-structured interviews. Our regression analyses indicate that deliveries in public facilities declined whereas they increased for private facilities. Furthermore, overall facility delivery rates remained stable through the Ebola epidemic: the proportion of home births did not increase. Drawing on insights from extensive qualitative interviews with medical personnel and focus groups with community members conducted in Monrovia in August–September 2015 we attribute these survey findings to a supply side “substitution effect” whereby private clinics provided an important cushion to the shock leading to lower supply of government services. Furthermore, our interviews suggest that government health care workers continued to work in private facilities in their local communities when public facilities were closed. Our findings indicate that resources to shore up healthcare institutions should be directed toward interventions that support private facilities and health personnel working privately in communities during times of crisis so that these facilities are safe alternatives for women during crisis

HUBUNGAN SUHU LINGKUNGAN DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PENGOLAHAN DI PKS PT. MITRA BUMI KECAMATAN BUKIT SEMBILAN KABUPATEN KAMPAR PADA TAHUN 2021

Perubahan tekanan darah berhubungan dengan suhu lingkungan kerja. Paparan suhu rendah akan mengakibatkan perubahan fisiologis pada tubuh Suhu lingkungan yang rendah dan tinggi telah terbukti meningkatkan kematian yang umumnya disebabkan oleh kardiovaskular. Pekerja yang bekerja di pabrik kelapa sawit tidak terlepas dari pengaruh suhu lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui bagaimana hubungan suhu lingkungan kerja dengan tekanan darah pada pekerja PKS PT. Mitra Bumi Bukit Sembilan Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2021.  Metode yang digunakan ialah analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah populasi 117 orang dengan jumlah sampel 44 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Terdapat hubungan antara suhu lingkungan dengan tekanan darah pada pekerja bagian pengolahan di pks pt. Mitra bumi kecamatan bukit sembilan kabupaten kampar pada tahun 2021 dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0,013 dan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,376 yang berarti kekuatan hubungan dari kedua variabel lemah. suhu lingkungan berhubungan dengan tekanan darah pada pekerja bagian pengolahan &nbsp

How Epidemics affect Marginalized Communities in War-Torn Countries: Ebola, Securitization, and Public Opinion about the Security Forces in Liberia

Epidemics that overwhelm health and national institutions tend to disproportionately affect individuals from marginalized communities. The securitization of epidemics further exacerbates feelings of alienation and victimization by security forces among those in such communities. Focusing on this population, our study explores how experiences with securitization during the 2014 Ebola Virus epidemic in Liberia affected perceptions of the security forces. We leverage two, unique surveys conducted before and after the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in two of Monrovia’s informal communities with histories of internally displaced persons and ex-combatants in Monrovia, Liberia–West Point and Peace Island. Our analysis allows us to assess differences in public opinion before and after the Ebola Virus Disease. We find that perceptions of police discrimination and disrespect increased in both communities and that demand for police services declined in both communities. With respect to the Armed Forces, direct contact with soldiers enhanced feelings of safety, but only among those who did not witness them engaging in abuse. Our findings suggest that securitization of epidemics could exacerbate trust in the state, thereby weakening its legitimacy

Comparison of combined disc synergy test and double disc synergy test for phenotypic detection of metallo-ß-lactamase among the clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli

Background: Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) have a wide spectrum of activity and they confer a higher level of resistance to all β-lactams antibiotics including Carbapenem. The active site in MBLs contains either 1 or 2 Zn2+ ions for their catalytic mechanism. All MBLs share a common feature of being inhibited by EDTA. Metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria are the most important nosocomial pathogens. The present study was conducted to detect Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production in gram-negative bacilli by Combined Disc Synergy Test (CDST) and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) with 0.1M EDTA as a chelator and to see their antibiotic susceptibility pattern of them.Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College, during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Samples were collected from patients admitted to CMCH. Standard Microbiological procedures and biochemical tests were carried out for the isolation and identification of MBL. SPSS software is used for data analysis.Results: When 66 screening positive MBL isolates were subjected to the phenotypic confirmatory test CDST detected 50 (25.4%) and DDST detected 48 (24.4%) as MBL producers. Among these isolates, we found Acinetobacter spp. 7 (100%), as the leading MBL producer followed by Pseudomonas spp. 16 (32.6%), E. coli 10 (20%) and Klebsiella spp. 15 (17.4%).Conclusions: In a laboratory where multiplex PCR molecular set-up is not available CDST and DDST are convenient phenotypic methods and can be implemented in routine microbiological laboratories as well as in primary health care setup for daily application to monitor the production of MBLs

Bacteraemia, Malaria, and Case Fatality Among Children Hospitalized With Fever in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Background Febrile illness is the commonest cause of hospitalization in children <5 years in sub-Saharan Africa, and bacterial blood stream-infections and malaria are major causes of death. Methods From March 2017 to July 2018, we enrolled 2226 children aged 0-5 years hospitalized due to fever in four major public hospitals of Dar es Salaam namely; Amana, Temeke and Mwananyamala Regional Hospitals and Muhimbili National Hospital. We recorded social demographic and clinical data, performed blood-culture and HIV-antibody testing. We used qPCR to quantify Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify bacterial isolates. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results Nineteen percent of the children (426/2226) had pathogens detected from blood. Eleven percent (236/2226) of the children had bacteraemia/fungaemia and 10% (204/2063) had P. falciparum malaria. Ten children had concomitant malaria and bacteraemia. Gram-negative bacteria (64%) were more frequent than Gram-positive (32%) and fungi (4%). Over fifty percent of Gram-negative bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and multidrug resistant. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found in 11/42 (26.2%). The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with high parasitaemia (>four million genomes/µL) of P. falciparaum in plasma. Overall, in-hospital death was 4% (89/2146) and it was higher in children with bacteraemia (8%, 18/227) than malaria (2%, 4/194, P=0.007). Risk factors for death were bacteraemia (p=0.03), unconsciousness at admission (p<0.001) and admission at a tertiary hospital (p=0.003). Conclusions Compared to previous studies in this region, our study showed a reduction in malaria prevalence, a decrease in in-hospital mortality and an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including ESBLs and multidrug resistance. An increase of AMR highlights the importance of continued strengthening of diagnostic capability and antimicrobial stewardship programs. We also found malaria and bacteraemia contributed equally in causing febrile illness but bacteraemia caused higher in-hospital death. The most severe form of clinical malaria was associated with P. falciparum parasitaemia