Exogenous Factors of the Textile-related Low-tech Industries Competitiveness in Lithuania

AbstractThis paper is an analysis of exogenous factors of low-tech industries competitiveness in Lithuania. After carrying out an analysis of scientific literature and determining the most significant exogenous factors of industries competitiveness in general, the importance of these factors have been examined at the example of Lithuanian textile and wearing apparel sectors with the help of an expert survey. The article presents the results of the empirical study and raises several discussion points on the subject

Regional growth dynamics in the service sector: The determinants of employment change in UK regions 1971-2005

There is a need to better understand the dynamics relating to the evolving economic structure of regions, in particular factors concerning deindustrialisation and the growth of service sector activities. In order to unpick the dynamics relating to contemporary regional evolution, this paper examines regional employment in the UK's service sector from 1971-2005. The analysis utilises the statistical technique of multi-factor partitioning to examine the evolutionary dynamics of employment change in the UK service sector. Overall, differing growth trajectories in service sector employment across regions appear to be the result of the different underlying industrial structure observed within the regions themselves. The findings indicate that the industrial structure of a region has a significant influence on employment change in the service sector, with related variety being of greater consequence than specialisation. This suggests that diversity, or urbanisation, effects have a greater influence than specialisation effects on 'lighter' industries than 'heavier' industries. Spatio-temporal variations within the development of the service sector are evident in the analysis and there is evidence of convergence across the regions for all sub-sectors examined. It is concluded that in an increasingly service dominated economy, diversity and related variety have some weight in explaining regional development paths

The Transformation of Lithuanian economy : dimension of manufacturing

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos ekonomikos transformacija gamybos aspektu. Pastebima, kad Lietuvos ekonomika per du dešimtmečius patyrė transformaciją ir jos rezultatai itin akivaizdūs. Lietuvos ekonomikos modelio transformacija atskleista išnagrinėjus pokyčius gamybos pramonėje, informacinių technologijų našumą ir tarptautinės prekybos rezultatus. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvos ekonominiam vystymuisi, gamybos apimtims, užimtumui ir eksportui didelę įtaką daro gamybos sektorius. Išskirta, kad šalis labai priklausoma nuo tarptautinės paklausos. Vis labiau didėjantis prekybos liberalizavimas, augantis konkurencinis spaudimas ir besikeičianti pasaulinė paklausos struktūra apsprendžia poreikį iš naujo įvertinti veiksnius įtakojančius Lietuvos gamybos pramonės vystymąsi. Lietuvos ekonomikos transformacijos gamybos aspektu įvertinimas jau ilgą laiką yra aktuali mokslinė problema, nes mažų ekonomikų pramonės dažnai veikiamos tarptautinės konkurencijos ir yra pažeidžiamos pokyčių vykstančių tarptautinėse rinkose. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – gamybos pramonė. Tyrimo tikslas – lyginant 1998-2009 m. rodiklius atskleisti Lietuvos ekonomikos transformaciją gamybos pramonės vystymosi ir pokyčių kontekste. Tyrimo metu įvertinami pokyčiai gamybos sektoriuje pasaulio rinkų kontekste. Siekiant atskleisti esminius gamybos struktūros pokyčius ir įvertinti kaip eksportas buvo įtakotas Europos Sąjungos (ES) prekybos liberalizavimo nagrinėjami ir lyginami pagrindiniai gamybos pramonės rodikliai. Taikyta mokslinės literatūros analizė ir apibendrinimas, matematiniai skaičiavimai, statistinių rodiklių lyginamoji analizė. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Apdirbamoji pramonė; Eksporto konkurencingumas; Manufacturing industry; Export competitivenessThis paper analyses the transformation in the pattern of Lithuanian economy by estimating changes in manufacturing industry, it performance and results of international trade. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the shifting manufacturing and export specialization, the study uses the revealed comparative advantage indexes to analyze the extent of export competitiveness. It argues that the degree of competition among EU countries is intensifying so the paper aims to explore how the economic integration influenced Lithuanian manufacturing and results of international trade of particular branches of industry. In the presence of growing trade liberalisation, competitive pressures, and the changing structure of world demand, this study calls for a reassessment of the factors that influence Lithuanian manufacturing industry development

The Changes of Lithuanian export competitiveness in the context of economic crisis

The economic crisis brings wide implications to all areas of economic so the analysis of impacts may provide insights on the underlying structural changes in the economy. The analysis of changes of export competitiveness in the context of economic crisis is a significant scientific problem. The results, changes and dynamics of foreign trade are best indices to evaluate capabilities of national companies to compete in open global economy. The competitiveness achieved by industrial companies or sectors in international markets is reflected by the results of foreign trade, while evaluating the indexes of export and import of groups of commodities. The most widely used indicator to measure the export competitiveness of industry is index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This paper analyses the changes in the pattern of Lithuanian export specialization during 2004 – 2010 and using RCA indexes provides an analysis of the shifting export competitiveness at product category level

Lithuanian industrial policy by the aspects of international competitiveness

Globalization and economic integration to EU has highlighted problems of Lithuanian industry and the whole economy competitiveness. Only internationally competitive industries are successful and powerful enough to increase their receipts and market shares it the long term. Competitiveness on international markets depends on constantly improving product quality, technology and higher production efficiency. Industrial policy is giving way to enhance the competitiveness of companies by improving general- framework conditions. Taking a broad perspective, almost any policy has some impact on industry and has industrial policy content, so industrial policy encompasses all policy measures that are deliberately meant to shape industrial structures. There are some policy fields, which fall into this definition of industrial policy: innovation (technology) policy; regional policy; foreign trade policy; competition policy. The case for industrial policy is based on the observation that markets may fail to stimulate firms to behave in the way that would be beneficial to economy as a whole. There are different cases of market failure barriers to entry; positive externalities; negative externalities; risk and uncertainty. Industrial policy should judge three problems: to reduce cases of market failure; for instance, then firms decrease investments in R&D because they fear that they will not be able to appropriate the results of their effort; to strength the factors that are the basis of competitive advantages and competitiveness; to manage structural adjustment.State intervention that stimulates and moderates capacity reduction in sunset industries, thus inhibiting a chaotic, overly destructive adjustment process. Porter's model is proposed as a framework through for Lithuanian Industry, Regional, Foreign trade, Competition and Innovation policies. To formulating a coherent industry policy of Lithuania is a highly complicated venture since there is a number of conflicts that are hard to resolve. Industrial policy must have a positive impact, its formulation takes place in policy networks, which are more transparent and have clearer defined rules. Lithuanian Industry Policy should aim at correcting market failure, particularly in the field of R&D and environmental damage, at strengthening specialized factors in industrial locations, and at managing industrial adjustment. In most industrial countries of EU the practical policy orientation has been competitiveness - promoting industrial policy, oriented toward correction of market failures. Government does not get involved in the activities of the companies directly, but rather it seeks to promote the functioning of the market by investing in education, research and infrastructure and promotion the flexibility of companies in the face of market changes. Lithuanian Industry Policy provides principal strategic operations, directs the creating of the most stable environment for business and production. Significant attention is paid to comparative advantages of creating and strengthening industrial companies and branches. [...

The algorithm of billiard modelling in finding the densest packing of geometrical figures

This work analyses the algorithm of billiard modelling in finding the densest packing of geometrical figures. Here are discussed the problems of packing equal circles in a square (PECS problem) and the problem as a global optimization problem. The paper describes the algorithm of biliard modellling looking for the densest way of circle packing in a unit square. Also, the work in short describes the biliard algorithm with the periodic boundary (torus), a perturbation method. In addition to this, here are presented the tables of optimal circle packing in a n (from [3; 15]) equilateral triangle, circle and square. Also, there was made a billiard packing program and in detail there was described its algorithm. Experimentally there are analysed the possibilities of the program while dealing with n circles. The results of the experiment are shown graphically. The global and local solutions were found. The calculation charts and the text of the program are giver in the appendices.Švietimo akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

The Contradictions of industrial policy in the context of economic integration

The growth of gross domestic product directly depends on the development of industry, which is influenced by industrial policy. Industrial policy is far more than government intervention in industry or payment of subsidies. Rather it concerns the macroeconomic environment surrounding industry, business and trade. Comparative advantages of industrial companies are not only given by recourse endowment, but are also shaped over time by the actions of both industrial companies and government. Industrial policy of a government may affect comparative advantage over time by influencing the quality and quantity of labor, capital, technology and innovations. The competitive ability of enterprises is facilitated by industrial policy implemented in the country, stimulating the progress of science and technique and innovations, sustaining the investments into the scientific research and design of new products, renovations of technologies and development of human capital. The article reveals the study of economic validity of industrial policy, the cases for and against industrial policy, analyses purposes and contradictions of industrial policy in the context of economic integration